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Jakub Okulski
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 1st Gen. J. Hallera Pl., 90-647 Lodz, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Materials
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Background: In the literature, no information on plates for low-neck mandibular condylar osteosynthesis can be found, despite the fact that 30 plate designs have already been published. The aim of this study was to compare any dedicated plates for possible use in low-neck condylar fracture osteosynthesis. Methods: The force required for 1-mm displacement of the fixed fracture fragments and incidents of screw loosening were recorded on polyurethane mandibles among 16 designs of titanium plates fixed by 6-mm screws in a 2.0 system. Results: Double-straight plate fixation was the mechanical gold standard (15.2 ± 3.5 N), followed by A-shape Condylar Plates (14.9 ± 2.1 N), X-shape Condylar Plates (14.2 ± 1.3 N) and Auto Repositioning Plates (11.8 ± 2.4 N). Screw loosening was uncommon, as a minimum of three screws were placed into the condylar part. Fewer screws were lost from the ramus part of the fixation if the plate was attached to the condylar part by three screws. Often, the stability of the ramus screws was lost when there were only two fixing screws in the condyle (p < 0.001). Conclusions: It is advisable to consider the mechanical advantages as one decides which plate to choose for open rigid internal fixation in low-neck condylar fractures, or to only be aware of the significant differences in mobility within the fracture line after fixation with different dedicated plates.

ACS Style

Marcin Kozakiewicz; Rafał Zieliński; Bartłomiej Konieczny; Michał Krasowski; Jakub Okulski. Open Rigid Internal Fixation of Low-Neck Condylar Fractures of the Mandible: Mechanical Comparison of 16 Plate Designs. Materials 2020, 13, 1953 .

AMA Style

Marcin Kozakiewicz, Rafał Zieliński, Bartłomiej Konieczny, Michał Krasowski, Jakub Okulski. Open Rigid Internal Fixation of Low-Neck Condylar Fractures of the Mandible: Mechanical Comparison of 16 Plate Designs. Materials. 2020; 13 (8):1953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Kozakiewicz; Rafał Zieliński; Bartłomiej Konieczny; Michał Krasowski; Jakub Okulski. 2020. "Open Rigid Internal Fixation of Low-Neck Condylar Fractures of the Mandible: Mechanical Comparison of 16 Plate Designs." Materials 13, no. 8: 1953.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2020 in Materials
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Background: In the literature no information about plates for the high-neck mandibular condylar osteosynthesis could be found despite that 30 plate designs have been published. The main course consider the basal condylar or diacapitular fractures. The aim of the study was to test mechanically all available designs (only 4 of 30 was proper) on polyurethane mandibles using an individually designed clamping system. Methods: Forces required for a 1 mm displacement of fixed fracture fragments and incidents of screw loosening were recorded. Results: It has occured that dedicated plates for fixation are much weaker than set of two straight plates (p < 0.0001). General observation is the bigger plate and more screws, the better rigid stable osteosynthesis of mandibular condyle, however, there are limitations in plates design for high-neck fractures resulted in restricted operation field. Conclusion: Double straight plates occured to be the best mechanical fixation for high-neck fractures of the mandibular condyle. Maybe other existing plates could be used but only after prebending or that fracture required novel dedicated plates design.

ACS Style

Rafał Zieliński; Marcin Kozakiewicz; Bartłomiej Konieczny; Michał Krasowski; Jakub Okulski. Mechanical Evaluation of Titanium Plates for Osteoesynthesis High Neck Condylar Fracture of Mandible. Materials 2020, 13, 592 .

AMA Style

Rafał Zieliński, Marcin Kozakiewicz, Bartłomiej Konieczny, Michał Krasowski, Jakub Okulski. Mechanical Evaluation of Titanium Plates for Osteoesynthesis High Neck Condylar Fracture of Mandible. Materials. 2020; 13 (3):592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafał Zieliński; Marcin Kozakiewicz; Bartłomiej Konieczny; Michał Krasowski; Jakub Okulski. 2020. "Mechanical Evaluation of Titanium Plates for Osteoesynthesis High Neck Condylar Fracture of Mandible." Materials 13, no. 3: 592.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2019 in Materials
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Background: There has been no direct comparison of all existing plates dedicated for fracture osteosynthesis of mandibular condyle base until now. The aim of the study was to test mechanically all available designs of titanium plates on the market on polyurethane mandibles using an individually designed clamping system. Methods: Forces required for a 1 mm displacement of fixed fracture and incidents of screw loosening were recorded. Results indicated the best mechanical plates among all existing designs available. Results: It has occured that some of osseofixation plates should not be used any more, whereas some shape of the single plates are similar shape to two single plates shape are regarded as the best osseofixation method for condyle base fracture. Conclusion: General observation is the bigger plate and more screws, the better rigid stable osteosynthesis of mandibular condyle base. 4 plates of current designs of total 30 tested series can be recommended for open rigid internal fixation of fractures of the base of the mandibular condyle. The rest of 26 existing plates should not be used in condylar base fractures.

ACS Style

Marcin Kozakiewicz; Rafal Zieliński; Michał Krasowski; Jakub Okulski. Forces Causing One-Millimeter Displacement of Bone Fragments of Condylar Base Fractures of the Mandible after Fixation by All Available Plate Designs. Materials 2019, 12, 3122 .

AMA Style

Marcin Kozakiewicz, Rafal Zieliński, Michał Krasowski, Jakub Okulski. Forces Causing One-Millimeter Displacement of Bone Fragments of Condylar Base Fractures of the Mandible after Fixation by All Available Plate Designs. Materials. 2019; 12 (19):3122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Kozakiewicz; Rafal Zieliński; Michał Krasowski; Jakub Okulski. 2019. "Forces Causing One-Millimeter Displacement of Bone Fragments of Condylar Base Fractures of the Mandible after Fixation by All Available Plate Designs." Materials 12, no. 19: 3122.