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New visualization approaches are being actively developed aiming to mitigate the effect of vergence-accommodation conflict in stereoscopic augmented reality; however, high interindividual variability in spatial performance makes it difficult to predict user gain. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of consistent and inconsistent binocular and focus cues on perceptual matching in the stereoscopic environment of augmented reality using a head-mounted display that was driven in multifocal and single focal plane modes. Participants matched the distance of a real object with images projected at three viewing distances, concordant with the display focal planes when driven in the multifocal mode. As a result, consistency of depth cues facilitated faster perceptual judgments on spatial relations. Moreover, the individuals with mild binocular and accommodative disorders benefited from the visualization of information on the focal planes corresponding to image planes more than individuals with normal vision, which was reflected in performance accuracy. Because symptoms and complaints may be absent when the functionality of the sensorimotor system is reduced, the results indicate the need for a detailed assessment of visual functions in research on spatial performance. This study highlights that the development of a visualization system that reduces visual stress and improves user performance should be a priority for the successful implementation of augmented reality displays.
Tatjana Pladere; Artis Luguzis; Roberts Zabels; Rendijs Smukulis; Viktorija Barkovska; Linda Krauze; Vita Konosonoka; Aiga Svede; Gunta Krumina. When virtual and real worlds coexist: Visualization and visual system affect spatial performance in augmented reality. Journal of Vision 2021, 21, 17 -17.
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Artis Luguzis, Roberts Zabels, Rendijs Smukulis, Viktorija Barkovska, Linda Krauze, Vita Konosonoka, Aiga Svede, Gunta Krumina. When virtual and real worlds coexist: Visualization and visual system affect spatial performance in augmented reality. Journal of Vision. 2021; 21 (8):17-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Artis Luguzis; Roberts Zabels; Rendijs Smukulis; Viktorija Barkovska; Linda Krauze; Vita Konosonoka; Aiga Svede; Gunta Krumina. 2021. "When virtual and real worlds coexist: Visualization and visual system affect spatial performance in augmented reality." Journal of Vision 21, no. 8: 17-17.
The visual search performance of radiologists is systematically challenged due to the use of flat-panel displays when viewing multi-slice images. Three-dimensional visualization of information is expected to facilitate visual search for radiologists. However, as the differences in user performance, depending on radiologist experience, have not yet been assessed for real three-dimensional images, it is difficult to estimate the usability of new visualization systems for radiologists with different amounts of professional search experience. In this study, we aimed to determine how three-dimensional visual search is affected by radiologist experience and the physical properties of stimuli. Radiologists, residents, and medical students accomplished visual search tasks with varying set sizes and target-distractor similarities. Search items were presented on multiple display planes and image manipulation was conducted using a computer keyboard. We compared the search outcome and strategy among three groups of participants. All three groups submitted a similar number of correct responses depending on target-distractor similarity. However, in contrast to radiologists and residents, it took a considerably longer time for students to find the targets. The major differences were evident in search strategy when comparing the image manipulations of radiologists with those of residents and students. Our results demonstrated that experienced radiologists’ search performance benefited from seeing the entire three-dimensional view of an image, whereas residents and students focused instead on reducing the amount of information and searched in a selective manner. These findings should be taken into account when planning the implementation of new workstations with three-dimensional visualization in radiology.
Tatjana Pladere; Mara Delesa-Velina; Viktorija Andriksone; Reinis Pitura; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 4929 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Mara Delesa-Velina, Viktorija Andriksone, Reinis Pitura, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (22):4929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Mara Delesa-Velina; Viktorija Andriksone; Reinis Pitura; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22: 4929.
Volumetric display shows promising implications for healthcare related applications as an innovative technology that creates real three-dimensional (3D) image by illuminating points in three-dimensional space to generate volumetric images without image separation. We used eccentric photorefractometry to objectively study ocular performance in a practical environment by evaluating near work-induced refraction shift, accommodative microfluctuations, and pupil size for 38 young adults after viewing anaglyph, and volumetric 3D content for prolonged time. The results of our study demonstrate that participants who performed relative depth estimation task on volumetric 3D content were less likely to experience task-induced myopic refraction shift. For both 3D content types, we observed pupil constriction, that is possibly related to visual fatigue. For anaglyph 3D pupil constriction, onset was observed significantly sooner, compared to volumetric 3D. Overall, sustained work with 3D content, and small disparities or the fully eliminated possibility of accommodation-vergence conflict, not only minimizes near work-induced myopic shift, but also provide beneficial accommodation relaxation that was demonstrated in this study as hypermetropic shift for nearly half of participants.
Karola Panke; Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Aiga Svede; Gunta Krumina. Objective User Visual Experience Evaluation When Working with Virtual Pixel-Based 3D System and Real Voxel-Based 3D System. Photonics 2019, 6, 106 .
AMA StyleKarola Panke, Tatjana Pladere, Mara Velina, Aiga Svede, Gunta Krumina. Objective User Visual Experience Evaluation When Working with Virtual Pixel-Based 3D System and Real Voxel-Based 3D System. Photonics. 2019; 6 (4):106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarola Panke; Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Aiga Svede; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Objective User Visual Experience Evaluation When Working with Virtual Pixel-Based 3D System and Real Voxel-Based 3D System." Photonics 6, no. 4: 106.
The visual search abilities of radiologists are systematically trained due to the specifics of their professional tasks. We investigated whether the visual-motor performance of radiologists, residents and students varied when searching non-medical targets on the volumetric display. As a result, no significant differences were found in the correct response rate among three groups. However, the total number of interactions was considerably higher for the resident radiologists and medical students comparing to the experienced radiologists. Our results suggest that the radiological experience does not interfere with the outcome in the developed visual search task, but may be reflected in motor behavior.
Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Viktorija Andriksone; Reinis Pitura; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Visual search in three-dimensional non-medical images: visual-motor performance of radiologists. Fourth International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics 2019, 11207, 1120708 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Mara Velina, Viktorija Andriksone, Reinis Pitura, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Visual search in three-dimensional non-medical images: visual-motor performance of radiologists. Fourth International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics. 2019; 11207 ():1120708.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Viktorija Andriksone; Reinis Pitura; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Visual search in three-dimensional non-medical images: visual-motor performance of radiologists." Fourth International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics 11207, no. : 1120708.
In natural viewing, numerous depth cues are available to the visual system, but their significance varies considerably depending on the viewing distance. How is it reflected in the outcome of depth judgements? We have designed a psychophysical experiment with a limited number of depth cues to examine distance-related changes in the correct response rate and time. Twenty young adults evaluated relative depth of stimuli in physical space. Each time four constant angular size achromatic stimuli were presented on a volumetric multi-planar display. One of these stimuli was demonstrated closer to the observer comparing to others. The experiment followed the four-interval forced-choice procedure. On any given trial, observers determined which one of four stimuli was located closest to them. The nine viewing distances ranged from 0.5 m to 2.5 m. Overall, the depth judgements were correct and fast at the close viewing distances. However, the correct response rate dropped markedly at 1.0 m distance and continued declining gradually at larger distances. The average response time experienced the linear growth with increasing distance. In total, we showed that the relative depth judgements based on binocular depth cues changed the most at the viewing distances that exceeded 1.0 m, as well as the response time and correctness were affected to varying degrees.
Tatjana Pladere; Gunita Jankovska; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Impact of viewing distance on relative depth judgements for stimuli in physical space. Light in Nature VII 2019, 11099, 1109904 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Gunita Jankovska, Vita Konosonoka, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Impact of viewing distance on relative depth judgements for stimuli in physical space. Light in Nature VII. 2019; 11099 ():1109904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Gunita Jankovska; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Impact of viewing distance on relative depth judgements for stimuli in physical space." Light in Nature VII 11099, no. : 1109904.
Karola Panke; Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Aiga Svede; Gatis Ikaunieks; Gunta Krumina. Ocular performance evaluation. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applications of Intelligent Systems 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleKarola Panke, Tatjana Pladere, Mara Velina, Aiga Svede, Gatis Ikaunieks, Gunta Krumina. Ocular performance evaluation. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applications of Intelligent Systems. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarola Panke; Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Aiga Svede; Gatis Ikaunieks; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Ocular performance evaluation." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applications of Intelligent Systems , no. : 1.
The search items were demonstrated on the volumetric display and flat panel display. In contrast to the correct response rate, the search time and number of interactions were considerably affected by the type of visualization.
Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Vita Konosonoka; Kristaps Klava; Marina Seleznova; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Visual Search Performance Depending on Target-Distractor Difference on Volumetric Display and Flat Panel Display. Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS/DLS 2019, JTu4A.96 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Mara Velina, Vita Konosonoka, Kristaps Klava, Marina Seleznova, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Visual Search Performance Depending on Target-Distractor Difference on Volumetric Display and Flat Panel Display. Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS/DLS. 2019; ():JTu4A.96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Vita Konosonoka; Kristaps Klava; Marina Seleznova; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Visual Search Performance Depending on Target-Distractor Difference on Volumetric Display and Flat Panel Display." Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS/DLS , no. : JTu4A.96.
In diagnostics, radiologists search for anatomical abnormalities through generated three-dimensional data on flat displays. Professionals are required to scroll repeatedly through image stacks forth and back, as well as remember a broad amount of visual information. This process leads to working memory overload and decreased search outcome. In contrast, a volumetric multi-planar display includes many planes, which makes possible to visualize data in a true physical depth. Thus, theoretically, it can facilitate the visual search performance in diagnostics and lessen the necessity for repeated scrolling. Therefore, our work aims to explore practically the extent to which the visual search is effective, as well as deliver evidence on the scrolling strategy through image stacks when data are shown on many display planes. Visual search set consisted of constant angular size stimuli presented on ten out of twenty display planes in two depth segments. Participants searched for a target with varying target-distractor similarity within trials. All ten images were presented simultaneously in the beginning of each trial and participants scrolled freely through them. In the result, target discriminability affected significantly the correct response rate and time, as well as search behavior was consistent with the physical design of stimuli set. In more detail, the number of moves through image stack almost doubled when the target-distractor similarity increased and, overall, participants skipped searching repeatedly already seen images. The developed visual search task is suggested for implementation in studies of visual perception and search behavior in threedimensional displays.
Tatjana Pladere; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina; Kristaps Klava; Vita Konosonoka; Marina Seleznova. Capabilities and limitations of visual search in volumetric images: the effect of target discriminability. Applications of Digital Image Processing XLI 2018, 10752, 1075235 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina, Kristaps Klava, Vita Konosonoka, Marina Seleznova. Capabilities and limitations of visual search in volumetric images: the effect of target discriminability. Applications of Digital Image Processing XLI. 2018; 10752 ():1075235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina; Kristaps Klava; Vita Konosonoka; Marina Seleznova. 2018. "Capabilities and limitations of visual search in volumetric images: the effect of target discriminability." Applications of Digital Image Processing XLI 10752, no. : 1075235.
In medical imaging, large sets of two-dimensional images are used for evaluating anatomical structures. Observers experience high cognitive load due to necessity of memorizing information and data is not seen in a real volume. A volumetric multi-planar display is a promising technology that can eliminate above mentioned issues by producing images in a real three-dimensional space. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate how well individuals perceived a difference in spatial localization of visual stimuli and describe its impact on visual search performance in three-dimensional digital space. Participants searched for a target stimulus which was located closer to the observer comparing to other stimuli in different depth segments of a display and provided subjective evaluation of the task difficulty. The results revealed that on average visual attention could be deployed without significant differences on all four depths segments in terms of response time and quality. But at the same time, eccentricity of stimuli influenced considerably the performance which can be related to higher cognitive load due to limitation of visual acuity and attention in the peripheral visual field. To be added, subjective evaluation of perceived task difficulty matched well response time and accuracy in visual search. The obtained results leaded to the conclusion that spatial layout of stimuli in horizontal and vertical dimension had a bigger impact on visual search performance comparing to the third dimension on a volumetric multi-planar display.
Tatjana Pladere; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Visual search efficiency depending on spatial layout of stimuli in volumetric image. Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference 2018, 10711, 1071121 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Vita Konosonoka, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Visual search efficiency depending on spatial layout of stimuli in volumetric image. Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference. 2018; 10711 ():1071121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2018. "Visual search efficiency depending on spatial layout of stimuli in volumetric image." Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference 10711, no. : 1071121.
Post-task refraction shifts were evaluated with eccentric photorefraction technique to better understand response of visual system and eye accommodation to sustained near work with 3D image formed by volumetric display.
Karola Panke; Vita Stokmane; Tatjana Pladere; Aiga Švede; Gunta Krumina. Focusing in Depth: Post-Task Accommodation Shifts After Sustained Near Work with Volumetric Multi-Planar Display. Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP) 2018, 3Tu5G.3 .
AMA StyleKarola Panke, Vita Stokmane, Tatjana Pladere, Aiga Švede, Gunta Krumina. Focusing in Depth: Post-Task Accommodation Shifts After Sustained Near Work with Volumetric Multi-Planar Display. Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP). 2018; ():3Tu5G.3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarola Panke; Vita Stokmane; Tatjana Pladere; Aiga Švede; Gunta Krumina. 2018. "Focusing in Depth: Post-Task Accommodation Shifts After Sustained Near Work with Volumetric Multi-Planar Display." Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP) , no. : 3Tu5G.3.
Ability to distinguish relative location of visual stimuli on a multi-planar display was evaluated within psychophysical experiment in order to figure out the impact of physical distance between stimuli across depth of volumetric data.
Tatjana Pladere; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Looking in Depth: Visual Distance Perception of Stimuli on Volumetric Multi-Planar Display. Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP) 2018, 3Tu5G.4 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Vita Konosonoka, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Looking in Depth: Visual Distance Perception of Stimuli on Volumetric Multi-Planar Display. Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP). 2018; ():3Tu5G.4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2018. "Looking in Depth: Visual Distance Perception of Stimuli on Volumetric Multi-Planar Display." Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP) , no. : 3Tu5G.4.
Tatjana Pladere; Diana Bete; Jurgis Skilters; Gunta Krumina. Visual grouping under isoluminant condition: impact of mental fatigue. Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX 2016, 997133 -997133-6.
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Diana Bete, Jurgis Skilters, Gunta Krumina. Visual grouping under isoluminant condition: impact of mental fatigue. Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX. 2016; ():997133-997133-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Diana Bete; Jurgis Skilters; Gunta Krumina. 2016. "Visual grouping under isoluminant condition: impact of mental fatigue." Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX , no. : 997133-997133-6.