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Cable yarding technology remains the most effective operation in steep terrain harvesting systems; however, it has limitations and challenges. Using cable yarders (tractor-, truck-, and excavator-based) to extract tree lengths and whole trees has been common since the late 20th century in South Korea, and cable yarding operations were developed in the late 1800s in the United States and Europe. Machine potential and limitations must be understood to ensure the widespread use of technology, strong cooperation, and optimal selection of machinery size. We reviewed the literature on tower yarder performances from 1990–2021 to determine the alteration of yarders and its productivity pattern and obtained 23 papers; <2 publications per year discussed the determination of cable yarding productivity. We selected independent variables (e.g., silvicultural treatment, harvesting method, and cycle log volume) for cable yarding that would likely affect productivity. Data were analyzed to compare productivities under silvicultural treatment, the harvesting method, and yarding direction and identify the interaction mechanical power (i.e., lifting capacity and machine power), yarding distance, and slope. Cable yarder productivity rates generally depended on the silvicultural treatment, harvesting method, and yarding direction, particularly in clear-cut, tree-length, and uphill yarding operation activities. The lifting capacity, machine power, and slope had no significant correlation with yarders’ productivity, particularly in thinning operations, whereas, in clear-cut productivity, it was influenced by these variables. The results contribute to improving operation activities for cable yarding systems and towards future research directions.
Eunjai Lee; Yunsung Choi; Minjae Cho; Koohyun Cho; Jaeheun Oh; Sangkyun Han; Sangjun Im. A Literature Review on Cable Extraction Practices of South Korea: 1990–2020. Forests 2021, 12, 908 .
AMA StyleEunjai Lee, Yunsung Choi, Minjae Cho, Koohyun Cho, Jaeheun Oh, Sangkyun Han, Sangjun Im. A Literature Review on Cable Extraction Practices of South Korea: 1990–2020. Forests. 2021; 12 (7):908.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEunjai Lee; Yunsung Choi; Minjae Cho; Koohyun Cho; Jaeheun Oh; Sangkyun Han; Sangjun Im. 2021. "A Literature Review on Cable Extraction Practices of South Korea: 1990–2020." Forests 12, no. 7: 908.
Forest biomass has recently been highlighted as a renewable energy source in South Korea. As the Renewable Energy Certificate weight has been revised to encourage the use of forest biomass for energy production, forest operations have focused on the development of new technologies and harvesting methods for the extraction and utilization of forest biomass. This study examined the application of a drum chipper to forest biomass and analyzed the effects of screen size (40, 50, 65, and 80 mm) on productivity, cost, and particle size distribution. When the screen size was 40 mm to 65 mm, the chipping productivity improved by up to 3.6 times, the fuel consumption decreased by up to 29.7%, and the chipping cost was reduced by up to 31.9%. The fines content tended to decrease with an increase in screen size. The size of woodchips was less than 100 mm in length and ranged from 10 to 63 mm. The 65 mm screen was the most effective (e.g., producing optimal wood chip size at an acceptable production rate) for the chipping operation. Harvesting methods and drying time are also important factors that determine the utilization efficiency of forest biomass. Therefore, further research should be focused on the effect of moisture content on chipping productivity, power required, and fine particle size in forest biomass productions.
Yun-Sung Choi; Min-Jae Cho; Seung-Ho Paik; Ho-Seong Mun; Dae-Hyun Kim; Sang-Kyun Han; Jae-Heun Oh. Factors Affecting the Chipping Operation Based on the Screen Size of the Drum Chipper. Forests 2019, 10, 1029 .
AMA StyleYun-Sung Choi, Min-Jae Cho, Seung-Ho Paik, Ho-Seong Mun, Dae-Hyun Kim, Sang-Kyun Han, Jae-Heun Oh. Factors Affecting the Chipping Operation Based on the Screen Size of the Drum Chipper. Forests. 2019; 10 (11):1029.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun-Sung Choi; Min-Jae Cho; Seung-Ho Paik; Ho-Seong Mun; Dae-Hyun Kim; Sang-Kyun Han; Jae-Heun Oh. 2019. "Factors Affecting the Chipping Operation Based on the Screen Size of the Drum Chipper." Forests 10, no. 11: 1029.
Interest in the production of renewable energy using forest biomass is increasing in South Korea, and improved knowledge on operations logistics to lower biomass harvesting costs is needed. This study aimed to build a low-cost forest-biomass harvesting system by analyzing the costs of two integrated (cut-to-length and whole-tree) harvesting systems for logs and logging residues. Two integrated harvesting systems were carried out in the clear-cut mixed forest on a steep slope. Compared to the cut-to-length system that separately extracts logs and logging residues in a forest, the cable whole-tree harvesting system can save $8.8/green weight ton (Gwt) because it requires no additional yarding operation cost of logging residues. Moreover, a breakeven analysis shows that the required machine utilization rates that favor whole-tree harvesting systems over cut-to-length harvesting were more than 70% for cable harvesting systems. The introduction of the whole-tree harvesting system is, therefore, required to produce forest biomass at a low cost. In the future, studies on forest-biomass processing and transportation systems will be needed to provide a biomass feedstock supply cost from stump to biomass power plant.
Min-Jae Cho; Yun-Sung Choi; Seung-Ho Paik; Ho-Seong Mun; Du-Song Cha; Sang-Kyun Han; Jae-Heun Oh; Cho; Choi; Paik; Mun; Cha; Han; Oh. Comparison of Productivity and Cost Between Two Integrated Harvesting Systems in South Korea. Forests 2019, 10, 763 .
AMA StyleMin-Jae Cho, Yun-Sung Choi, Seung-Ho Paik, Ho-Seong Mun, Du-Song Cha, Sang-Kyun Han, Jae-Heun Oh, Cho, Choi, Paik, Mun, Cha, Han, Oh. Comparison of Productivity and Cost Between Two Integrated Harvesting Systems in South Korea. Forests. 2019; 10 (9):763.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin-Jae Cho; Yun-Sung Choi; Seung-Ho Paik; Ho-Seong Mun; Du-Song Cha; Sang-Kyun Han; Jae-Heun Oh; Cho; Choi; Paik; Mun; Cha; Han; Oh. 2019. "Comparison of Productivity and Cost Between Two Integrated Harvesting Systems in South Korea." Forests 10, no. 9: 763.