Carthage played an important role in maritime exchange networks during the Roman and late antique periods. One hundred ten glass fragments dating to the third to sixth centuries CE from a secondary deposit at the Yasmina Necropolis in Carthage have been analysed by electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) to characterise the supply of glass to the city. Detailed bivariate and multivariate data analysis identified different primary glass groups and revealed evidence of extensive recycling. Roman mixed antimony and manganese glasses with MnO contents in excess of 250 ppm were clearly the product of recycling, while iron, potassium and phosphorus oxides were frequent contaminants. Primary glass sources were discriminated using TiO₂ as a proxy for heavy minerals (ilmenite/spinel), Al₂O₃ for feldspar and SiO₂ for quartz in the glassmaking sands. It was thus possible to draw conclusions about the chronological and geographical attributions of the primary glass types. Throughout much of the period covered in this study, glassworkers in Carthage utilised glass from both Egyptian and Levantine sources. Based on their geochemical characteristics, we conclude that Roman antimony and Roman manganese glasses originated from Egypt and the Levant, respectively, and were more or less simultaneously worked at Carthage in the fourth century as attested by their mixed recycling (Roman Sb-Mn). In the later fourth and early fifth centuries, glasses from Egypt (HIMT) and the Levant (two Levantine I groups) continued to be imported to Carthage, although the Egyptian HIMT is less well represented at Yasmina than in many other late antique glass assemblages. In contrast, in the later fifth and sixth centuries, glass seems to have been almost exclusively sourced from Egypt in the form of a manganese-decolourised glass originally described and characterised by Foy and colleagues (2003). Hence, the Yasmina assemblage testifies to significant fluctuations in the supply of glass to Carthage that require further attention.

Twenty‐two objects of glass from the Decapolis city of Gerasa, N. Jordan, with characteristic vessel forms ranging from Hellenistic to Early Islamic (2nd century BCE to 8th century CE) were analyzed for major and trace elements, and 16 samples for Sr‐isotopes. The majority were produced in the vicinity of Apollonia on the Palestine coast in the 6th–7th centuries CE, and strong inter‐element correlations for Fe, Ti, Mn, Mg, Nb reflect local variations in the accessory minerals in the Apollonia glassmaking sand. The ubiquity of recycling is reflected in elevated concentrations and high coefficients of variation of colorant‐related elements as well as a strong positive correlation between K and P. The high level of K contamination is attributed to the use of pomace (olive processing residue) as fuel, and a negative correlation with Cl, due to volatilization as the glass was reheated. This points to an efficient system for the collection of glass for recycling in Jerash during the latter part of the first millennium CE. Differences in elemental behavior at different sites in the Levant may reflect the context of the recycling system, for example, glass from secular contexts may contain less colorants derived from mosaics than glass associated with churches.

Post‐excavation iron corrosion may be accelerated by the presence of Cl⁻, leading to conservation methods designed to remove Cl. This study exploits a unique opportunity to assess 35 years of conservation applied to cast‐iron cannon shot excavated from the Mary Rose. A combination of synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction (SXPD), absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and fluorescence (XRF) mapping have been used to characterise the impact of conservation on the crystalline corrosion products, chlorine distribution, and speciation. The chlorinated phase akaganeite, β‐FeO(OH,Cl), was found on shot washed in corrosion inhibitor Hostacor IT with or without an additional reduction stage. No chlorinated phases were observed on the surface of shot stored in sodium sesquicarbonate (Na₂CO₃/NaHCO₃); however, hibbingite, β‐Fe₂(OH)₃Cl, was present in metal pores. It is proposed that surface β‐FeO(OH,Cl) formed in the early stages of active conservation owing to oxidation of β‐Fe₂(OH)₃Cl at near‐neutral pH.