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Cunguo Wang
Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Original article
Published: 18 August 2021 in Plant and Soil
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The lack of synchronous studies on fine roots and fungal hyphae makes it difficult to gain insight into changes in how mycorrhizal trees search for nutrients under reduced precipitation and increased nitrogen deposition. We applied a modified version of the ingrowth bag approach to estimate the community-level responses of fine roots and fungal hyphae to long-term changes in nitrogen and water availability in a mixed mature forest. Water reduction, nitrogen addition and the two treatments applied in combination decreased root length density, root biomass and fungal hyphal length density, with the lowest values occurring in the combined treatment. Compared with fine roots in the control treatment, fine roots in the water reduction treatment had a thinner diameter, lower branching intensity and a greater specific root length. Fungal hyphae in the combined treatment had significantly greater diameters than in the control treatment at 0–10 cm soil depths. Root length density, root biomass, root branching intensity and hyphal length density significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. In contrast, hyphal diameter increased with increasing soil depth. Fungal hyphal length density was positively related to root length density but negatively related to hyphal diameter. Forest fine roots and fungal hyphae respond plastically to soil water and nitrogen availability. An integrative and simultaneous understanding of both root and hyphal trait plasticity can provide better insights into the resource acquisition strategies of trees experiencing environmental changes.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Ivano Brunner; Wei Guo; Zhao Chen; Mai-He Li. Effects of long-term water reduction and nitrogen addition on fine roots and fungal hyphae in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest. Plant and Soil 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Ivano Brunner, Wei Guo, Zhao Chen, Mai-He Li. Effects of long-term water reduction and nitrogen addition on fine roots and fungal hyphae in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest. Plant and Soil. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Ivano Brunner; Wei Guo; Zhao Chen; Mai-He Li. 2021. "Effects of long-term water reduction and nitrogen addition on fine roots and fungal hyphae in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest." Plant and Soil , no. : 1-13.

Research article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
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Litterfall is a good indicator of overall forest functions in forest ecosystems. Globally, forest litterfall has been extensively investigated, however, there is a lack of long-term data analysis to show the various litterfall components in relation to environmental factors on the monthly and yearly scales. Here, monthly (May – October) and annual (1981 – 2018) litterfall including leaves, twigs, bark, reproductive and miscellaneous fractions were collected in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest on Changbai Mountain in Northeast, China, across 30 years. Based on these long-term litterfall data, we analyzed the seasonal and annual variations in different litterfall fractions and the internal/external drivers. We observed that both the leaf and total litterfall exhibited a strong, similar seasonal pattern, with the highest levels between September and October, and the annual litterfall had an “S-shaped” increasing pattern from 1981 – 2018. The other litterfall fractions showed distinct monthly and yearly fluctuations across the 30 years. Mean monthly evapotranspiration and temperature (minimum and maximum) were the best predictors for monthly litterfall. By contrast, the models that best predicted the annual litterfall production included mean annual precipitation, and mean monthly precipitation and temperature in May and October. Our study, using a unique dataset of detailed long-term litterfall dynamics, has potentially major significance for enhancing our understanding on the role of climatic factors controlling forest litterfall amount and seasonality in temperate mixed mature forests. This insight is paramount importance for modeling and estimating soil carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling of temperate forests under climate change.

ACS Style

C. G. Wang; X. B. Zheng; A. Z. Wang; G. H. Dai; B. K. Zhu; Y. M. Zhao; S. J. Dong; W. Z. Zu; W. Wang; Y. G. Zheng; J. G. Li; M.‐H. Li. Temperature and Precipitation Diversely Control Seasonal and Annual Dynamics of Litterfall in a Temperate Mixed Mature Forest, Revealed by Long‐Term Data Analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 2021, 126, 1 .

AMA Style

C. G. Wang, X. B. Zheng, A. Z. Wang, G. H. Dai, B. K. Zhu, Y. M. Zhao, S. J. Dong, W. Z. Zu, W. Wang, Y. G. Zheng, J. G. Li, M.‐H. Li. Temperature and Precipitation Diversely Control Seasonal and Annual Dynamics of Litterfall in a Temperate Mixed Mature Forest, Revealed by Long‐Term Data Analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 2021; 126 (7):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. G. Wang; X. B. Zheng; A. Z. Wang; G. H. Dai; B. K. Zhu; Y. M. Zhao; S. J. Dong; W. Z. Zu; W. Wang; Y. G. Zheng; J. G. Li; M.‐H. Li. 2021. "Temperature and Precipitation Diversely Control Seasonal and Annual Dynamics of Litterfall in a Temperate Mixed Mature Forest, Revealed by Long‐Term Data Analysis." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 126, no. 7: 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2019 in Forests
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Research Highlights: Extraradical mycorrhizal fungal mycelium (MFM) plays critical roles in nutrient absorption and carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. However, it is often ignored or treated as a root uptake apparatus in existing biogeochemical models. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to reveal how MFM responds to various, coinciding environmental factors and their interactions. Results: Nitrogen (N) addition and N-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) combination significantly decreased MFM. However, elevated CO2, organic matter addition, P addition, and CO2-N combination significantly increased MFM. In contrast, warming, K addition, N-P combination, and P-K combination did not affect MFM. Mycorrhizal fungal levels (individual vs. community), mycorrhizal type (ectomycorrhizal fungi vs. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), treatment time (1 year), and mycelium estimation/sampling method (biomarker vs. non-biomarker; ingrowth mesh bag vs. soil core) significantly affected the responses of MFM to elevated CO2 and N addition. The effect sizes of N addition significantly increased with mean annual precipitation, but decreased with soil pH and host tree age. The effect sizes of P addition significantly increased with N concentration in host plant leaves. Conclusions: The differential responses revealed emphasize the importance of incorporating MFM in existing biogeochemical models to precisely assess and predict the impacts of global changes on forest ecosystem functions.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Shengwei Zong; Mai-He Li. The Contrasting Responses of Mycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium Associated with Woody Plants to Multiple Environmental Factors. Forests 2019, 10, 973 .

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Shengwei Zong, Mai-He Li. The Contrasting Responses of Mycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium Associated with Woody Plants to Multiple Environmental Factors. Forests. 2019; 10 (11):973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Shengwei Zong; Mai-He Li. 2019. "The Contrasting Responses of Mycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium Associated with Woody Plants to Multiple Environmental Factors." Forests 10, no. 11: 973.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2019 in Forests
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Research Highlights: A detailed picture of the seasonality in fine root biomass (FRB), necromass (FRN), and the biomass/necromass ratio (FRBN) throughout the whole year is crucial to uncover profound effects of long-term environmental changes on fine root dynamics. Materials and Methods: We used meta-analysis to characterize the variability of FRB, FRN and FRBN, and determined their relations with climatic (monthly versus annual), edaphic and geomorphic factors for tropical, temperate and boreal forest biomes across the Northern Hemisphere. Results: Boreal forests exhibited the highest FRB and FRN, while tropical forests yielded the lowest FRN, and thus the greatest FRBN. FRB and FRN significantly decreased with sampling depth, but increased with soil organic carbon content and elevation, while an opposite pattern was found for FRBN. Temperature and precipitation at different time scales (monthly versus annual) and latitude had varying influences on fine roots. High FRB and FRN were observed during dry season for tropical forests, but in the late growing season for temperate forests. The three forest biomes exhibited the high root activity (measured as FRBN) in June or July. Conclusions: It is crucial to realize the universal and specific responses of fine roots to multiple environmental factors when attempting to incorporate these parameters into fine root monthly dynamic models in forest ecosystems. The biome-specific fluctuation of fine roots contributes to identify the influence factors on fine root seasonal patterns throughout the whole year. Our analysis is expected to improve the understanding of the key role of fine roots at monthly level in modeling and predicting carbon budget of various forest biomes under future climate change.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Ivano Brunner; Shengwei Zong; Mai-He Li; Wang; Zong; Li. The Dynamics of Living and Dead Fine Roots of Forest Biomes Across the Northern Hemisphere. Forests 2019, 10, 953 .

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Ivano Brunner, Shengwei Zong, Mai-He Li, Wang, Zong, Li. The Dynamics of Living and Dead Fine Roots of Forest Biomes Across the Northern Hemisphere. Forests. 2019; 10 (11):953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Ivano Brunner; Shengwei Zong; Mai-He Li; Wang; Zong; Li. 2019. "The Dynamics of Living and Dead Fine Roots of Forest Biomes Across the Northern Hemisphere." Forests 10, no. 11: 953.

Research paper
Published: 23 November 2018 in Journal of Biogeography
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Aim Rising air temperature and changing precipitation patterns already strongly influence forest ecosystems, yet large‐scale patterns of belowground root trait variation and their underlying drivers are poorly understood. Here, we investigated general patterns of root tip adjustments within fine‐root systems and the potential ecological implications of these patterns. Location Global. Methods We synthesize key fine‐root traits related to resource acquisition and determined their responses along climate and edaphic gradients. We specifically identified patterns of root tip abundance (number of root tips per dry biomass of fine roots ≤2 mm in diameter), and root tip density (number of root tips per soil volume) among angiosperm and gymnosperm trees to climate, edaphic gradients and stand properties. Results We found that angiosperm trees, which were more common in warmer, sometimes drier climates with more fertile soil, formed more root tips (higher root tip abundance, root tip density and higher slope of root tip density vs. fine‐root biomass) than gymnosperm trees, which lived in cooler, wetter climates with poor soil. Angiosperm and gymnosperm trees exhibited opposing trends in response to gradients in climate as gymnosperm trees tended to decrease root tip abundance and root tip density but alternatively increase mycorrhizal mycelial biomass with increasing MAT/MAP (ratio of mean annual temperature to mean annual precipitation), while angiosperm trees tended to increase root tip abundance and root tip density with increasing MAT/MAP. However, the individual trends of root tip abundance and root tip density for angiosperm and gymnosperm trees to MAT or MAP were more similar and often non‐significant. Main conclusions These results suggest disparate carbon or biomass adjustment strategies within gymnosperm and angiosperm tree fine‐root systems along climate gradients. Differences in angiosperm and gymnosperm tree adjustments in their fine‐root systems to changing environments have implications for how these plant groups are likely to perform in different environments and how their responses to future climate change should be modelled.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; M. Luke McCormack; Dali Guo; Jiandong Li. Global meta-analysis reveals different patterns of root tip adjustments by angiosperm and gymnosperm trees in response to environmental gradients. Journal of Biogeography 2018, 46, 123 -133.

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, M. Luke McCormack, Dali Guo, Jiandong Li. Global meta-analysis reveals different patterns of root tip adjustments by angiosperm and gymnosperm trees in response to environmental gradients. Journal of Biogeography. 2018; 46 (1):123-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; M. Luke McCormack; Dali Guo; Jiandong Li. 2018. "Global meta-analysis reveals different patterns of root tip adjustments by angiosperm and gymnosperm trees in response to environmental gradients." Journal of Biogeography 46, no. 1: 123-133.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2018 in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
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Fine root (≤2 mm in diameter) biomass/necromass (B/N) ratio, representing many dynamic key root parameters, can serve as a powerful measure of root vitality. Based on a global synthesis of fine root biomass and necromass in forest ecosystems, we describe a framework for recognizing responses of B/N ratio to biotic (e.g., mycorrhizal type) and abiotic (e.g., latitudinal region) characteristics. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (ECM) forests had similar average B/N ratios (3.28 versus 3.23). AM forest B/N ratio decreased with increasing altitude, stand density, tree age, and soil carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) but increased with soil pH. In contrast, ECM forest B/N ratio increased with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP), altitude, and stand density but decreased with tree age. The average B/N ratio was higher in temperate forests (4.39) than in tropical (2.97) and boreal forests (2.40). The B/N ratio was relatively stable in temperate forests irrespective of changes in biotic and abiotic factors. In tropical forest, the B/N ratio was sensitive to mean annual temperature, altitude, soil C/N ratio, and pH, whereas in boreal forests, it was more sensitive to MAP, stand density, and tree age. The late‐successional forest B/N ratio was closely aligned with biotic and abiotic factors. Our analysis revealed that the relationships of B/N ratio with climate, topography, edaphic, and stand characteristics were dependent on mycorrhizal types and latitudinal regions. These findings provide a basis for large‐scale prediction of fine root dynamics and for better understanding of belowground processes of global forest ecosystems in a changing world.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Zhao Chen; Hong Yin; Wei Guo; Ying Cao; Guojiao Wang; Bei Sun; Xuefei Yan; Jiandong Li; Tian-Hong Zhao; Ivano Brunner; Guanhua Dai; Yixiang Zheng; Yiguo Zheng; Weizhong Zu; Mai-He Li. The Responses of Forest Fine Root Biomass/Necromass Ratio to Environmental Factors Depend on Mycorrhizal Type and Latitudinal Region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 2018, 123, 1769 -1788.

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Zhao Chen, Hong Yin, Wei Guo, Ying Cao, Guojiao Wang, Bei Sun, Xuefei Yan, Jiandong Li, Tian-Hong Zhao, Ivano Brunner, Guanhua Dai, Yixiang Zheng, Yiguo Zheng, Weizhong Zu, Mai-He Li. The Responses of Forest Fine Root Biomass/Necromass Ratio to Environmental Factors Depend on Mycorrhizal Type and Latitudinal Region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 2018; 123 (5):1769-1788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Zhao Chen; Hong Yin; Wei Guo; Ying Cao; Guojiao Wang; Bei Sun; Xuefei Yan; Jiandong Li; Tian-Hong Zhao; Ivano Brunner; Guanhua Dai; Yixiang Zheng; Yiguo Zheng; Weizhong Zu; Mai-He Li. 2018. "The Responses of Forest Fine Root Biomass/Necromass Ratio to Environmental Factors Depend on Mycorrhizal Type and Latitudinal Region." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 123, no. 5: 1769-1788.

Original article
Published: 10 April 2018 in Journal of Biogeography
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Aim Dead fine roots are crucial components of the carbon cycle in global forest ecosystems. Despite their importance, knowledge concerning geographical patterns of dead fine root pools (necromass) and factors influencing their dynamics remain scarce across the globe. Location Global. Methods We analysed 136 published case studies covering 169 forest sites located throughout the world to identify broad patterns of necromass and biomass (living fine root pools) and to determine the responses to climate, edaphic gradients and stand properties. Results W‐shaped pattern of forest necromass with latitude, from the Southern Hemisphere via the equator to the Northern Hemisphere, was observed. Specifically, more necromass was found at both low (tropical forests) and high latitudes (boreal forests), whereas less necromass was found at mid latitudes (temperate forests), which is in line with patterns of carbon stocks in soils at the global scale. Broad‐leaf forests had greater necromass than needle‐leaf forests, and fine root necromass of the two forest types showed opposing trends in response to shifts in mean annual precipitation and different sensitivities to changes in mean annual temperature and edaphic properties (e.g. soil carbon/nitrogen ratio and pH). Necromass increased with soil organic layer thickness and stand age for both forest types. Main conclusions The hemispheric symmetrical necromass distribution is likely determined by changes in environmental conditions across latitudes. Different responses of dead fine roots in broad‐leaf and needle‐leaf forests may be caused by their distinct allocation and accumulation of carbon in relation to climate and to edaphic and forest characteristics at the global scale. Our results have important implications for accurate quantification and modelling of forest ecosystem carbon stocks and cycles and for assessments of their sensitivity and stability in a changing climate.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Zhao Chen; Ivano Brunner; Zhen Zhang; Xianjin Zhu; Jiandong Li; Hong Yin; Wei Guo; Tianhong Zhao; Xingbo Zheng; Shuqi Wang; Zhenzhen Geng; Si Shen; Daming Jin; Mai-He Li. Global patterns of dead fine root stocks in forest ecosystems. Journal of Biogeography 2018, 45, 1378 -1394.

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Zhao Chen, Ivano Brunner, Zhen Zhang, Xianjin Zhu, Jiandong Li, Hong Yin, Wei Guo, Tianhong Zhao, Xingbo Zheng, Shuqi Wang, Zhenzhen Geng, Si Shen, Daming Jin, Mai-He Li. Global patterns of dead fine root stocks in forest ecosystems. Journal of Biogeography. 2018; 45 (6):1378-1394.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Zhao Chen; Ivano Brunner; Zhen Zhang; Xianjin Zhu; Jiandong Li; Hong Yin; Wei Guo; Tianhong Zhao; Xingbo Zheng; Shuqi Wang; Zhenzhen Geng; Si Shen; Daming Jin; Mai-He Li. 2018. "Global patterns of dead fine root stocks in forest ecosystems." Journal of Biogeography 45, no. 6: 1378-1394.

Original research article
Published: 26 September 2017 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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The variation in fine root traits in terms of size inequality at the individual root level can be identified as a strategy for adapting to the drastic changes in soil water and nutrient availabilities. The Gini and Lorenz asymmetry coefficients have been applied to describe the overall degree of size inequality, which, however, are neglected when conventional statistical means are calculated. Here, we used the Gini coefficient, Lorenz asymmetry coefficient and statistical mean in an investigation of Fraxinus mandschurica roots in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest on Changbai Mountain, China. We analysed 967 individual roots to determine the responses of length, diameter and area of the first-order roots and of branching intensity to six years of nitrogen addition (N), rainfall reduction (W) and their combination (NW). We found that first-order roots had a significantly greater average length and area but had smaller Gini coefficients in NW plots compared to in control plots (CK). Furthermore, the relationship between first-order root length and branching intensity was negative in CK, N and W plots but positive in NW plots. The Lorenz asymmetry coefficient was greater than one for the first-order root diameter in NW and W plots as well as for branching intensity in N plots. The bimodal frequency distribution of the first-order root length in NW plots differed clearly from the unimodal one in CK, N and W plots. These results demonstrate that not only the mean but also the variation and the distribution mode of the first-order roots of F. mandschurica respond to soil nitrogen and water availability. The changes in size inequality of the first-order root traits suggest that Gini and Lorenz asymmetry coefficients can serve as informative parameters in ecological investigations of roots to improve our ability to predict how trees will respond to a changing climate at the individual root level.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Zhenzhen Geng; Zhao Chen; Jiandong Li; Wei Guo; Tian-Hong Zhao; Ying Cao; Si Shen; Daming Jin; Mai-He Li. Six-Year Nitrogen–Water Interaction Shifts the Frequency Distribution and Size Inequality of the First-Order Roots of Fraxinus mandschurica in a Mixed Mature Pinus koraiensis Forest. Frontiers in Plant Science 2017, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Zhenzhen Geng, Zhao Chen, Jiandong Li, Wei Guo, Tian-Hong Zhao, Ying Cao, Si Shen, Daming Jin, Mai-He Li. Six-Year Nitrogen–Water Interaction Shifts the Frequency Distribution and Size Inequality of the First-Order Roots of Fraxinus mandschurica in a Mixed Mature Pinus koraiensis Forest. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Zhenzhen Geng; Zhao Chen; Jiandong Li; Wei Guo; Tian-Hong Zhao; Ying Cao; Si Shen; Daming Jin; Mai-He Li. 2017. "Six-Year Nitrogen–Water Interaction Shifts the Frequency Distribution and Size Inequality of the First-Order Roots of Fraxinus mandschurica in a Mixed Mature Pinus koraiensis Forest." Frontiers in Plant Science 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2015 in Plant and Soil
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Forest fine roots contribute substantially to carbon cycling, and old growth forests have an important role in the global carbon budget. We, hence, studied temporal variation in fine root production and turnover in an old forest. Fine root dynamics were investigated, using sequential soil cores for 6 years, and related to rainfall and air temperature in a mixed mature broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest in northeastern China. The mass, production, mortality, and disappearance of fine roots showed intra-annual variation. Monthly live and dead fine root mass were significantly positively correlated with meteorological conditions of the previous month. Monthly fine root production was associated with air temperature of the current month. The intra-annual pattern of fine root production was similar to that of net primary production and opposite to that of leaf litterfall. Total fine root production accounted for 25 % of net primary production, and the fine root input to soil carbon was 1.2 times larger than the leaf litterfall. Our results indicate tight linkages between fine roots and meteorological conditions. The important role of fine roots in forest carbon budget suggests that forest carbon flux estimations need to take fine root dynamics into account.

ACS Style

Cunguo Wang; Shijie Han; Yumei Zhou; Junhui Zhang; Xingbo Zheng; Guanhua Dai; Mai-He Li. Fine root growth and contribution to soil carbon in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest. Plant and Soil 2015, 400, 275 -284.

AMA Style

Cunguo Wang, Shijie Han, Yumei Zhou, Junhui Zhang, Xingbo Zheng, Guanhua Dai, Mai-He Li. Fine root growth and contribution to soil carbon in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest. Plant and Soil. 2015; 400 (1-2):275-284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cunguo Wang; Shijie Han; Yumei Zhou; Junhui Zhang; Xingbo Zheng; Guanhua Dai; Mai-He Li. 2015. "Fine root growth and contribution to soil carbon in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest." Plant and Soil 400, no. 1-2: 275-284.