This article presents the use of TLS (LiDAR) measurement for the evaluation of the technical conditions of a historic building. A FARO M70 laser scanner was used in the study. The measurements was taken as an RCP point cloud. The measurement allowed to partially determine the cause of the building damage. The performed measurement allows to propose a precise solution that could be pre-fabricated. The study shows the usefulness of TLS in building diagnostics. Improper measurement could lead to a wrong solution and a certain degree of uncertainty.

The study analyzes the anisotropy effect for ceramic masonry based on experimental tests of samples made of 25 × 12 × 6.5 cm³ solid brick elements with compressive strength f_b = 44.1 MPa and cement mortar with compressive strength f_m = 10.9 MPa. The samples were loaded in a single plane with a joint angle that varied from the horizontal plane. The load was applied in a vertical direction. The samples were loaded at angles of 90°, 67.5°, 45°, 22.5°, and 0° toward the bed joints. The most unfavourable cases were determined. It was observed that the anisotropy of the masonry significantly influences the load-bearing capacity of the walls depending on the angle of the compressive stresses trajectory. Approximation curves and equations for compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s coefficient were proposed. It was observed that Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio will also change depending on the trajectory of compressive stresses as a function of the joint angle. Experimental tests allowed to determine the failure mechanism in prepared specimens. The study allowed to estimate the masonry strength with the load acting at different angles toward the bed joints.

The study presents the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) diagnostic of the clay brick masonry arched staircase in a historic building. Based on the measurements of the existing arched stair flights, 1:1 scale experimental models with and without stair treads were made. Strength tests of the models were carried out for different concentrated force locations in relation to the supporting structure. Force, deflections and reaction in the upper support of the run were measured during the tests. The influence of the masonry steps on the curved vault on the load capacity and stiffness of the run structure was analyzed. The conducted experimental investigations showed that the key element responsible for the actual load-bearing capacity and stiffness of this type of stair flights were the treads above the masonry arch.

The article explores the potential of Digital Twin (DT) technology in the design and dynamic assessment of the energy performance of multi-family buildings. Traditional approaches to building energy assessment provide static data that do not account for changing operational conditions and lack continuous energy consumption-monitoring capabilities. The use of Digital Twin enables monitoring and analyzing of the building’s energy parameters at every stage of its life cycle. The article presents the application of DT technology for assessing energy performance at the conceptual stage and in the early phases of design. These parameters must meet legal requirements. Validation conducted on four multi-family buildings demonstrated high accuracy, with the average difference between predicted and actual energy performance (EP) values below 3.5%. Thanks to the DT model, it is possible to determine energy parameters already at the conceptual stage, which helps avoid costly changes in later project phases. Early determination of these parameters also allows for accurate estimation of design and investment costs. Tests of the proposed solution were conducted on several multi-family buildings, comparing preliminary data with final results. The research results show that DT technology allows for precise planning of energy performance at the conceptual and preliminary design stages. This reduces operational costs, increases energy efficiency, and better adapts buildings to changing technological and legal conditions.

Lintels have more than a thousand-year-old history as one of the most important structural elements of historical buildings. In the 20th century, however, masonry lintels have been replaced almost completely by steel or reinforced concrete. The problem of assessing the technical condition, repair and reconstruction methods, and modernization of masonry buildings is still actual and depends on the real load-bearing capacity of masonry lintels. The article features the analysis of defects and damages of lintels and stresses occurring in them. Different types of laboratory models and analysis of their tests results are presented in the article. Laboratory material tests are presented. The additional strength effect provided from brick layers over lintel is analysed with laboratory tests.

Cracking in non-load-bearing internal partition walls is a serious problem that frequently occurs in new buildings within the short term after putting them into service or even before completion of construction. Sometimes, it is so considerable that it cannot be accepted by the occupiers. The article presents tests of cracking in ceramic walls with a door opening connected in a rigid and flexible way along vertical edges. The first analyzes were conducted using the finite element method (FEM), and afterward, the measurements of deformations and stresses in walls on deflecting floors were performed on a full scale in the actual building structure. The measurements enabled to determine floor deformations leading to cracking of walls and to establish a dependency between the values of tensile stresses within the area of the door opening corners and their location along the length of walls and type of vertical connection with the structure.