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Paul Whitehead
School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK

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Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Sustainability
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A new multibranch Integrated Catchment (INCA) model INCA-Metals has been developed to simulate the impact of tannery discharges on river systems. The model accounts for the key chemical reaction kinetic processes operating as well as sedimentation, resuspension, dilution, mixing and redistribution of pollutants in rivers downstream of tannery discharge points and for mine discharges or acid rock drainage sites. The model is dynamic and simulates the daily behaviour of hydrology and eight metals, including cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, manganese and chromium, as well as cyanide and ammonia. The model is semi-distributed and can simulate catchments, tributaries and instream river behaviour. The model can also account for diffuse pollution from rural runoff as well as point sources from effluent and trade discharges. The model has been applied to the new Savar tannery complex on the Dhaleshwari River system in Bangladesh to assess the impacts on pollution levels in the river system and to evaluate a set of treatment scenarios for pollution control, particularly in the dry season. It is shown that the new effluent treatment plant at Savar needs to significantly improve its operation and treatment capability in order to alleviate metal pollution in the downstream Dhaleshwari River System and also protect the Meghna River System that falls in the Bay of Bengal.

ACS Style

Paul Whitehead; Zineb Mimouni; Daniel Butterfield; Gianbattista Bussi; Mohammed Hossain; Rebecca Peters; Shammi Shawal; Phillip Holdship; Cordelia Rampley; Li Jin; Duane Ager. A New Multibranch Model for Metals in River Systems: Impacts and Control of Tannery Wastes in Bangladesh. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3556 .

AMA Style

Paul Whitehead, Zineb Mimouni, Daniel Butterfield, Gianbattista Bussi, Mohammed Hossain, Rebecca Peters, Shammi Shawal, Phillip Holdship, Cordelia Rampley, Li Jin, Duane Ager. A New Multibranch Model for Metals in River Systems: Impacts and Control of Tannery Wastes in Bangladesh. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Whitehead; Zineb Mimouni; Daniel Butterfield; Gianbattista Bussi; Mohammed Hossain; Rebecca Peters; Shammi Shawal; Phillip Holdship; Cordelia Rampley; Li Jin; Duane Ager. 2021. "A New Multibranch Model for Metals in River Systems: Impacts and Control of Tannery Wastes in Bangladesh." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3556.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2021 in Water
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With widespread, long-term historical use of plastics and the presence of microplastics in a range of new and existing products, there is rising concern about their potential impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Understanding how microplastics are transported and distributed along river systems is key to assessing impacts. Modelling the main flow dynamics, mixing, sedimentation and resuspension processes is essential for an understanding of the transport processes. We use the new, processed based, dynamic, integrated catchments (INCA) microplastics model and apply this to the whole of the freshwater catchment of the River Thames, UK, to evaluate inputs, loads and concentrations along the river system. Recent data from UK water industry studies on microplastics in effluent discharges and sewage sludge disposal has been utilised to drive the INCA microplastics model. Predicted concentrations and microplastic loads moving along the river system are shown to be significant, with a build-up of concentrations along the river, with increasing deposition on the riverbed. The potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems are evaluated and a review of policy implications is explored.

ACS Style

Paul Whitehead; Gianbattista Bussi; Jocelyne Hughes; Ana Castro-Castellon; Magnus Norling; Elizabeth Jeffers; Cordelia Rampley; Daniel Read; Alice Horton. Modelling Microplastics in the River Thames: Sources, Sinks and Policy Implications. Water 2021, 13, 861 .

AMA Style

Paul Whitehead, Gianbattista Bussi, Jocelyne Hughes, Ana Castro-Castellon, Magnus Norling, Elizabeth Jeffers, Cordelia Rampley, Daniel Read, Alice Horton. Modelling Microplastics in the River Thames: Sources, Sinks and Policy Implications. Water. 2021; 13 (6):861.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Whitehead; Gianbattista Bussi; Jocelyne Hughes; Ana Castro-Castellon; Magnus Norling; Elizabeth Jeffers; Cordelia Rampley; Daniel Read; Alice Horton. 2021. "Modelling Microplastics in the River Thames: Sources, Sinks and Policy Implications." Water 13, no. 6: 861.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2021 in Water
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Process-based models are commonly used to design management strategies to reduce excessive algal growth and subsequent hypoxia. However, management targets typically focus on phosphorus control, under the assumption that successful nutrient reduction will solve hypoxia issues. Algal responses to nutrient drivers are not linear and depend on additional biotic and abiotic controls. In order to generate a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of nutrient control strategies, independent nutrient, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and algal models must be coupled, which can increase overall uncertainty. Here, we extend an existing process-based phosphorus model (INtegrated CAtchment model of Phosphorus dynamics) to include biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and algal growth and decay (INCA-PEco). We applied the resultant model in two eutrophied mesoscale catchments with continental and maritime climates. We assessed effects of regional differences in climate and land use on parameter importance during calibration using a generalised sensitivity analysis. We successfully reproduced in-stream total phosphorus (TP), suspended sediment, DO, BOD and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations across a range of temporal scales, land uses and climate regimes. While INCA-PEco is highly parameterized, model uncertainty can be significantly reduced by focusing calibration and monitoring efforts on just 18 of those parameters. Specifically, calibration time could be optimized by focusing on hydrological parameters (base flow, Manning’s n and river depth). In locations with significant inputs of diffuse nutrients, e.g., in agricultural catchments, detailed data on crop growth and nutrient uptake rates are also important. The remaining parameters provide flexibility to the user, broaden model applicability, and maximize its functionality under a changing climate.

ACS Style

Jill Crossman; Gianbattista Bussi; Paul Whitehead; Daniel Butterfield; Emma Lannergård; Martyn Futter. A New, Catchment-Scale Integrated Water Quality Model of Phosphorus, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Phytoplankton: INCA-Phosphorus Ecology (PEco). Water 2021, 13, 723 .

AMA Style

Jill Crossman, Gianbattista Bussi, Paul Whitehead, Daniel Butterfield, Emma Lannergård, Martyn Futter. A New, Catchment-Scale Integrated Water Quality Model of Phosphorus, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Phytoplankton: INCA-Phosphorus Ecology (PEco). Water. 2021; 13 (5):723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jill Crossman; Gianbattista Bussi; Paul Whitehead; Daniel Butterfield; Emma Lannergård; Martyn Futter. 2021. "A New, Catchment-Scale Integrated Water Quality Model of Phosphorus, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Phytoplankton: INCA-Phosphorus Ecology (PEco)." Water 13, no. 5: 723.

Journal article
Published: 25 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Assessing the impact of climate change and population growth on river water quality is a key issue for many developing countries, where multiple and often conflicting river water uses (water supply, irrigation, wastewater disposal) are placing increasing pressure on limited water resources. However, comprehensive water quality datasets are often lacking, thus impeding a full-scale data-based river water quality assessment. Here we propose a model-based approach, using both global datasets and local data to build an evaluation of the potential impact of climate changes and population growth, as well as to verify the efficiency of mitigation measures to curb river water pollution. The upper Awash River catchment in Ethiopia, which drains the city of Addis Ababa as well as many agricultural areas, is used as a case-study. The results show that while decreases in runoff and increases in temperature due to climate change are expected to result in slightly decreased nutrient concentrations, the largest threat to the water quality of the Awash River is population growth, which is expected to increase nutrient loads by 15 to 20% (nitrate) and 30 to 40% (phosphorus) in the river by the second half of the 21st century. Even larger increases are to be expected downstream of large urban areas, such as Addis Ababa. However, improved wastewater treatment options are shown to be efficient in counteracting the negative impact of population growth and returning water pollution to acceptable levels.

ACS Style

Gianbattista Bussi; Paul G. Whitehead; Li Jin; Meron T. Taye; Ellen Dyer; Feyera A. Hirpa; Yosef Abebe Yimer; Katrina J. Charles. Impacts of Climate Change and Population Growth on River Nutrient Loads in a Data Scarce Region: The Upper Awash River (Ethiopia). Sustainability 2021, 13, 1254 .

AMA Style

Gianbattista Bussi, Paul G. Whitehead, Li Jin, Meron T. Taye, Ellen Dyer, Feyera A. Hirpa, Yosef Abebe Yimer, Katrina J. Charles. Impacts of Climate Change and Population Growth on River Nutrient Loads in a Data Scarce Region: The Upper Awash River (Ethiopia). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gianbattista Bussi; Paul G. Whitehead; Li Jin; Meron T. Taye; Ellen Dyer; Feyera A. Hirpa; Yosef Abebe Yimer; Katrina J. Charles. 2021. "Impacts of Climate Change and Population Growth on River Nutrient Loads in a Data Scarce Region: The Upper Awash River (Ethiopia)." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1254.

Original research article
Published: 30 October 2020 in Frontiers in Environmental Science
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Concerns have been raised about rising trends in surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in UK upland catchments over the past decades. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these trends, including changes in climate and declines in sulfate deposition across Europe. Drier summers and wetter winters are projected in the UK, and there is an increasing interest in whether the rising trends of DOC would be continued or stabilized. In this paper, the INCA (INtegrated CAtchment) water quality model was applied to the upland catchment of the River Severn at Plynlimon in Wales and used to simulate the effects of both climate and sulfate deposition on surface water DOC concentrations. We introduced new parameter sets of INCA to explain enzymatic latch effect in peatlands during droughts. The model was able to simulate recent past (1995–2013) rising trends in DOC in Plynlimon. Climatic projections were employed to estimate the future trends on DOC in the uplands and to consider potential impacts on catchment management. The model was run with climatic scenarios generated using the [email protected] climate modeling platform and with sulfate deposition scenarios from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) for 1975–2100. The modeling results show that the rising DOC trends are likely to continue in the near future (2020–2049) and the level of DOC concentrations is projected to stabilize in the far future (2070–2099). However, in the far future, the seasonal patterns of DOC concentrations will change, with a post-drought DOC surge in autumn months.

ACS Style

Jaeyoung Lee; Paul G. Whitehead; Martyn N. Futter; Jim W. Hall. Impacts of Droughts and Acidic Deposition on Long-Term Surface Water Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in Upland Catchments in Wales. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Jaeyoung Lee, Paul G. Whitehead, Martyn N. Futter, Jim W. Hall. Impacts of Droughts and Acidic Deposition on Long-Term Surface Water Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in Upland Catchments in Wales. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2020; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaeyoung Lee; Paul G. Whitehead; Martyn N. Futter; Jim W. Hall. 2020. "Impacts of Droughts and Acidic Deposition on Long-Term Surface Water Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in Upland Catchments in Wales." Frontiers in Environmental Science 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2019 in Water Resources Research
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Water resources planning and management by water utilities has traditionally been based on consideration of water availability. However, the reliability of public water supplies can also be influenced by the quality of water bodies. In this study, we proposed a framework that integrates analysis of risks of inadequate water quality and risks of insufficient water availability. We have developed a coupled modelling system that combines hydrological modelling of river water quantity and quality, rules for water withdrawals from rivers into storage reservoirs, and dynamical simulation of harmful algal blooms in storage reservoirs. We use this framework to assess the impact of climate change, demand growth and land‐use change on reliability of public water supplies. The proposed method is tested on the River Thames catchment, in the South of England. The results show that, alongside the well‐known risks of rising water demand in the South of England and uncertain impacts of climate change, diffuse pollution from agriculture and effluent from upstream waste water treatment works potentially represents a threat to the reliability of public water supplies in London. We quantify the steps that could be taken to ameliorate these threats, though even a vigorous pollution‐prevention strategy would not be sufficient to offset the projected effects of climate change on water quality and the reliability of public water supplies. The proposed method can help water utilities to recognise their system vulnerability and evaluate the potential solutions to achieve more reliable water supplies.

ACS Style

Mohammad Mortazavi‐Naeini; Gianbattista Bussi; J. Alex Elliott; Jim W. Hall; Paul G. Whitehead. Assessment of Risks to Public Water Supply From Low Flows and Harmful Water Quality in a Changing Climate. Water Resources Research 2019, 55, 10386 -10404.

AMA Style

Mohammad Mortazavi‐Naeini, Gianbattista Bussi, J. Alex Elliott, Jim W. Hall, Paul G. Whitehead. Assessment of Risks to Public Water Supply From Low Flows and Harmful Water Quality in a Changing Climate. Water Resources Research. 2019; 55 (12):10386-10404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Mortazavi‐Naeini; Gianbattista Bussi; J. Alex Elliott; Jim W. Hall; Paul G. Whitehead. 2019. "Assessment of Risks to Public Water Supply From Low Flows and Harmful Water Quality in a Changing Climate." Water Resources Research 55, no. 12: 10386-10404.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Pollution in rapidly urbanising cities and in delta systems is a serious problem that blights the lives and livelihoods of millions of people, damaging and restricting potable water supply and supplies to industry (Whitehead et al, 2015, 2018). Employing new technology based on luminescent molecular biosensors, the toxicity in the rivers around Dhaka in Bangladesh, namely the Turag, Tongi, Balu and Buriganga, has been assessed. Samples taken at 36 sites during medium and low flow conditions and during the Bishwa Ijtema Festival revealed high levels of cell toxicity, as well as high concentrations of metals, particularly aluminium, cadmium, chromium, iron, zinc, lithium, selenium and nickel. Chemical analysis also revealed low dissolved oxygen levels and anoxic conditions in the rivers at certain sites. The bacterial molecular biosensors were demonstrated to be fast, with results in 30 minutes, robust and a highly sensitive method for the assessment of water toxicity in the field. Furthermore, the biosensor toxicity analysis correlated with the metals data, and a multivariate regression relationship was developed relating toxicity to key metals, such a selenium, zinc and chromium. The resulting model has been validated against split samples and the Bishwa Ijtema Festival data. The combination of modelling and the molecular biosensor technology provides a new approach to detecting and managing pollution in urban river systems.

ACS Style

C.P.N. Rampley; P.G. Whitehead; L. Softley; M.A. Hossain; L. Jin; J. David; S. Shawal; Partho Das; I.P. Thompson; W.E. Huang; R. Peters; P. Holdship; R. Hope; G. Alabaster. River toxicity assessment using molecular biosensors: Heavy metal contamination in the Turag-Balu-Buriganga river systems, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 703, 134760 .

AMA Style

C.P.N. Rampley, P.G. Whitehead, L. Softley, M.A. Hossain, L. Jin, J. David, S. Shawal, Partho Das, I.P. Thompson, W.E. Huang, R. Peters, P. Holdship, R. Hope, G. Alabaster. River toxicity assessment using molecular biosensors: Heavy metal contamination in the Turag-Balu-Buriganga river systems, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 703 ():134760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C.P.N. Rampley; P.G. Whitehead; L. Softley; M.A. Hossain; L. Jin; J. David; S. Shawal; Partho Das; I.P. Thompson; W.E. Huang; R. Peters; P. Holdship; R. Hope; G. Alabaster. 2019. "River toxicity assessment using molecular biosensors: Heavy metal contamination in the Turag-Balu-Buriganga river systems, Dhaka, Bangladesh." Science of The Total Environment 703, no. : 134760.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Heavy metal pollution from tanneries is a global problem in many rapidly developing economies. Effluent discharges into rivers cause serious problems for water quality, damaging ecology and threatening the livelihoods of people, especially in developing urban centres which often have a high concentration of factories. The industry intensive capital area of Bangladesh is impacted with high levels of metals pollution in rivers in the Greater Dhaka Watershed. Sampling and modelling studies have been undertaken to assess pollution in the Buriganga River System in Dhaka. The process based, dynamic model INCA (Integrated Catchments) model has been used to simulate metals along the Buriganga River System in Central Dhaka. Observed and simulated metals concentrations are high, and the model shows that the proposed transfer of the tannery industry upstream helps to reduce the pollution significantly downstream. However, moving the industry upstream may be counterproductive as it is discharged into the upper reaches of the river. This will create pollution upstream unless the newly constructed effluent treatment system can operate at a high level.

ACS Style

P.G. Whitehead; G. Bussi; R. Peters; M.A. Hossain; L. Softley; S. Shawal; L. Jin; C.P.N. Rampley; P. Holdship; R. Hope; G. Alabaster. Modelling heavy metals in the Buriganga River System, Dhaka, Bangladesh: Impacts of tannery pollution control. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 697, 134090 .

AMA Style

P.G. Whitehead, G. Bussi, R. Peters, M.A. Hossain, L. Softley, S. Shawal, L. Jin, C.P.N. Rampley, P. Holdship, R. Hope, G. Alabaster. Modelling heavy metals in the Buriganga River System, Dhaka, Bangladesh: Impacts of tannery pollution control. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 697 ():134090.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.G. Whitehead; G. Bussi; R. Peters; M.A. Hossain; L. Softley; S. Shawal; L. Jin; C.P.N. Rampley; P. Holdship; R. Hope; G. Alabaster. 2019. "Modelling heavy metals in the Buriganga River System, Dhaka, Bangladesh: Impacts of tannery pollution control." Science of The Total Environment 697, no. : 134090.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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The Mekong delta is recognised as one of the world's most vulnerable mega-deltas, being subject to a range of environmental pressures including sea level rise, increasing population, and changes in flows and nutrients from its upland catchment. With changing climate and socioeconomics there is a need to assess how the Mekong catchment will be affected in terms of the delivery of water and nutrients into the delta system. Here we apply the Integrated Catchment model (INCA) to the whole Mekong River Basin to simulate flow and water quality, including nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus. The impacts of climate change on all these variables have been assessed across 24 river reaches ranging from the Himalayas down to the delta in Vietnam. We used the UK Met Office PRECIS regionally coupled climate model to downscale precipitation and temperature to the Mekong catchment. This was accomplished using the Global Circulation Model GFDL-CM to provide the boundary conditions under two carbon control strategies, namely representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and a RCP 8.5 scenario. The RCP 4.5 scenario represents the carbon strategy required to meet the Paris Accord, which aims to limit peak global temperatures to below a 2 °C rise whilst seeking to pursue options that limit temperature rise to 1.5 °C. The RCP 8.5 scenario is associated with a larger 3–4 °C rise. In addition, we also constructed a range of socio-economic scenarios to investigate the potential impacts of changing population, atmospheric pollution, economic growth and land use change up to the 2050s. Results of INCA simulations indicate increases in mean flows of up to 24%, with flood flows in the monsoon period increasing by up to 27%, but with increasing periods of drought up to 2050. A shift in the timing of the monsoon is also simulated, with a 4 week advance in the onset of monsoon flows on average. Decreases in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations occur primarily due to flow dilution, but fluxes of these nutrients also increase by 5%, which reflects the changing flow, land use change and population changes.

ACS Style

P.G. Whitehead; L. Jin; G. Bussi; Hal Voepel; Stephen Darby; Grigorios Vasilopoulos; R. Manley; H. Rodda; Craig Hutton; Christopher Hackney; Van Pham Dang Tri; N.N. Hung. Water quality modelling of the Mekong River basin: Climate change and socioeconomics drive flow and nutrient flux changes to the Mekong Delta. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 673, 218 -229.

AMA Style

P.G. Whitehead, L. Jin, G. Bussi, Hal Voepel, Stephen Darby, Grigorios Vasilopoulos, R. Manley, H. Rodda, Craig Hutton, Christopher Hackney, Van Pham Dang Tri, N.N. Hung. Water quality modelling of the Mekong River basin: Climate change and socioeconomics drive flow and nutrient flux changes to the Mekong Delta. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 673 ():218-229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.G. Whitehead; L. Jin; G. Bussi; Hal Voepel; Stephen Darby; Grigorios Vasilopoulos; R. Manley; H. Rodda; Craig Hutton; Christopher Hackney; Van Pham Dang Tri; N.N. Hung. 2019. "Water quality modelling of the Mekong River basin: Climate change and socioeconomics drive flow and nutrient flux changes to the Mekong Delta." Science of The Total Environment 673, no. : 218-229.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) River System, the associated Hooghly River and the Mahanadi River System represent the largest river basins in the world serving a population of over 780 million. The rivers are of vital concern to India and Bangladesh as they provide fresh water for people, agriculture, industry, conservation and support the Delta System in the Bay of Bengal. Future changes in both climate and socio-economics have been investigated to assess whether these will alter river flows and water quality. Climate datasets downscaled from three different Global Climate Models have been used to drive a daily process based flow and water quality model. The results suggest that due to climate change the flows will increase in the monsoon period and also be enhanced in the dry season. However, once socio-economic changes are also considered, increased population, irrigation, water use and industrial development reduce water availability in drought conditions, threatening water supplies and posing a threat to river and coastal ecosystems. This study, as part of the DECCMA (Deltas, vulnerability and Climate Change: Migration and Adaptation) project, also addresses water quality issues, particularly nutrients (N and P) and their transport along the rivers and discharge into the Delta System. Climate will alter flows, increasing flood flows and changing pollution dilution factors in the rivers, as well as other key processes controlling water quality. Socio-economic change will affect water quality, as water diversion strategies, increased population and industrial development alter the water balance and enhance fluxes of nutrients from agriculture, urban centers and atmospheric deposition.

ACS Style

Paul G. Whitehead; Li Jin; Ian Macadam; Tamara Janes; Sananda Sarkar; Harvey J.E. Rodda; Rajiv Sinha; Robert Nicholls. Modelling impacts of climate change and socio-economic change on the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna, Hooghly and Mahanadi river systems in India and Bangladesh. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 636, 1362 -1372.

AMA Style

Paul G. Whitehead, Li Jin, Ian Macadam, Tamara Janes, Sananda Sarkar, Harvey J.E. Rodda, Rajiv Sinha, Robert Nicholls. Modelling impacts of climate change and socio-economic change on the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna, Hooghly and Mahanadi river systems in India and Bangladesh. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 636 ():1362-1372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul G. Whitehead; Li Jin; Ian Macadam; Tamara Janes; Sananda Sarkar; Harvey J.E. Rodda; Rajiv Sinha; Robert Nicholls. 2018. "Modelling impacts of climate change and socio-economic change on the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna, Hooghly and Mahanadi river systems in India and Bangladesh." Science of The Total Environment 636, no. : 1362-1372.

Erratum
Published: 20 July 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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ACS Style

Paul Whitehead; Li Jin; Ian Macadam; Tamara Janes; Sananda Sarkar; Harvey J.E. Rodda; Rajiv Sinha; Robert J. Nicholls. Corrigendum to "Modelling Impacts of Climate Change and Socio-Economic Change on the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna, Hooghly and Mahanadi River Systems in India and Bangladesh" [Stoten 636 (2018) 1362-1372]. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 644, 1651 -1652.

AMA Style

Paul Whitehead, Li Jin, Ian Macadam, Tamara Janes, Sananda Sarkar, Harvey J.E. Rodda, Rajiv Sinha, Robert J. Nicholls. Corrigendum to "Modelling Impacts of Climate Change and Socio-Economic Change on the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna, Hooghly and Mahanadi River Systems in India and Bangladesh" [Stoten 636 (2018) 1362-1372]. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 644 ():1651-1652.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Whitehead; Li Jin; Ian Macadam; Tamara Janes; Sananda Sarkar; Harvey J.E. Rodda; Rajiv Sinha; Robert J. Nicholls. 2018. "Corrigendum to "Modelling Impacts of Climate Change and Socio-Economic Change on the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna, Hooghly and Mahanadi River Systems in India and Bangladesh" [Stoten 636 (2018) 1362-1372]." Science of The Total Environment 644, no. : 1651-1652.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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River water quality in rapidly urbanising Asian cities threatens to damage the resource base on which human health, economic growth and poverty reduction all depend. Dhaka reflects the challenges and opportunities for balancing these dynamic and complex trade-offs which goals can be achieved through effective policy interventions. There is a serious problem of water pollution in central Dhaka, in the Turag-Tongi-Balu River system in Bangladesh with the river system being one of the most polluted in the world at the moment. A baseline survey of water chemistry and total coliforms has been undertaken and shows dissolved oxygen close to zero in the dry season, high organic loading together with extreme levels of Ammonium-N and total coliform in the water. Models have been applied to assess hydrochemical processes in the river and evaluate alternative strategies for policy and the management of the pollution issues. In particular models of flow, Nitrate-N, Ammonium-N and indicator bacteria (total coliforms) are applied to simulate water quality in the river system. Various scenarios are explored to clean up the river system, including flow augmentation and improved effluent treatment. The model results indicate that improved effluent treatment is likely to have a more significant impact on reducing Ammonium-N and total coliforms than flow augmentation, but a combined strategy would greatly reduce the pollution problems in the Turag-Tongi-Balu River System.

ACS Style

Paul Whitehead; Gianbattista Bussi; Mohammed Abed Hossain; Michaela Dolk; Partho Das; Sean Comber; Rebecca Peters; Katrina J. Charles; Rob Hope; Sarwar Hossain. Restoring water quality in the polluted Turag-Tongi-Balu river system, Dhaka: Modelling nutrient and total coliform intervention strategies. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 631-632, 223 -232.

AMA Style

Paul Whitehead, Gianbattista Bussi, Mohammed Abed Hossain, Michaela Dolk, Partho Das, Sean Comber, Rebecca Peters, Katrina J. Charles, Rob Hope, Sarwar Hossain. Restoring water quality in the polluted Turag-Tongi-Balu river system, Dhaka: Modelling nutrient and total coliform intervention strategies. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 631-632 ():223-232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Whitehead; Gianbattista Bussi; Mohammed Abed Hossain; Michaela Dolk; Partho Das; Sean Comber; Rebecca Peters; Katrina J. Charles; Rob Hope; Sarwar Hossain. 2018. "Restoring water quality in the polluted Turag-Tongi-Balu river system, Dhaka: Modelling nutrient and total coliform intervention strategies." Science of The Total Environment 631-632, no. : 223-232.

Journals
Published: 22 February 2017 in Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
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The application of metaldehyde to agricultural catchment areas to control slugs and snails has caused severe problems for drinking water supply in recent years.

ACS Style

Qiong Lu; P. G. Whitehead; Gianbattista Bussi; M. N. Futter; L. Nizzetto. Modelling metaldehyde in catchments: a River Thames case-study. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 2017, 19, 586 -595.

AMA Style

Qiong Lu, P. G. Whitehead, Gianbattista Bussi, M. N. Futter, L. Nizzetto. Modelling metaldehyde in catchments: a River Thames case-study. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 2017; 19 (4):586-595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiong Lu; P. G. Whitehead; Gianbattista Bussi; M. N. Futter; L. Nizzetto. 2017. "Modelling metaldehyde in catchments: a River Thames case-study." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 19, no. 4: 586-595.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
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Sediment dynamics of lowland rivers are of importance in building resilient strategies to manage environmental change. Yet the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on sediment dynamics are poorly understood. Here a low-frequency suspended sediment sampling data set is used to assess the spatial and temporal variations of suspended sediment fluxes in the River Thames (United Kingdom). Sediment rating curves (SRCs) were used to analyze both the spatial and the temporal variation of catchment-suspended sediment transport. SRC exponents for the River Thames were found to be between 0.21 and 1.13. The 95% confidence interval was also determined through a bootstrapping technique. The seasonal and interannual variability of SRC parameters were analyzed to reveal seasonal and secular changes. The results are used to quantify the seasonal flushing effect, in which suspended sediment concentrations are typically substantially higher during the first floods after the summer dry period. The suspended sediment concentrations of the River Thames during the first floods after summer are estimated to be around 1.5–2 times those of other floods, for a given water discharge. A decrease in the flushing effect which began in the 1990s is observed (around 50% of its original magnitude), which may be attributable to changes in catchment and river channel management.

ACS Style

Gianbattista Bussi; Simon J. Dadson; Michael J. Bowes; Paul G. Whitehead. Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Sediment Transport Identified through Sediment Rating Curves. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 2017, 22, 06016016 .

AMA Style

Gianbattista Bussi, Simon J. Dadson, Michael J. Bowes, Paul G. Whitehead. Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Sediment Transport Identified through Sediment Rating Curves. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 2017; 22 (2):06016016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gianbattista Bussi; Simon J. Dadson; Michael J. Bowes; Paul G. Whitehead. 2017. "Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Sediment Transport Identified through Sediment Rating Curves." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 22, no. 2: 06016016.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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Some organic pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) have been banned from production and use in the UK for >30years but due to their toxicity and persistence are still of concern. However, due to their hydrophobicity they are present at very low concentrations and are difficult to measure in water, and so other matrices need to be sampled in order to best assess contamination. This study measured concentrations of ΣICES 7 PCBs (PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) and Σ6 PBDEs (PBDE congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154) and HCB in both bed-sediments and wild roach (a common pelagic fish) in the Thames Basin. The highest sediment concentrations were detected in an urbanised tributary of the Thames, The Cut at Bracknell (HCB: 0.03-0.40μg/kg dw; ICES 7 PCBs: 4.83-7.42μg/kg dw; 6 BDEs: 5.82-23.10μg/kg dw). When concentrations were expressed on a dry weight basis, the fish were much more contaminated than the sediments, but when sediment concentrations were normalised to organic carbon concentration they were comparable to the fish lipid normalised concentrations. Thus, despite the variability in the system, both sediments and wild fish can be considered suitable for representing the level of POPs contamination of the river system given sufficient sample numbers.

ACS Style

Qiong Lu; Monika Jürgens; Andrew C. Johnson; Carola Graf; Andy Sweetman; John Crosse; Paul Whitehead. Persistent Organic Pollutants in sediment and fish in the River Thames Catchment (UK). Science of The Total Environment 2017, 576, 78 -84.

AMA Style

Qiong Lu, Monika Jürgens, Andrew C. Johnson, Carola Graf, Andy Sweetman, John Crosse, Paul Whitehead. Persistent Organic Pollutants in sediment and fish in the River Thames Catchment (UK). Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 576 ():78-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiong Lu; Monika Jürgens; Andrew C. Johnson; Carola Graf; Andy Sweetman; John Crosse; Paul Whitehead. 2017. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in sediment and fish in the River Thames Catchment (UK)." Science of The Total Environment 576, no. : 78-84.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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The fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in riverine environments is strongly influenced by hydrology (including flooding) and fluxes of sediments and organic carbon. Coupling multimedia fate models (MMFMs) and hydrobiogeochemical transport models offers unique opportunities for understanding the environmental behaviour of POPs. While MMFMs are widely used for simulating the fate and transport of legacy and emerging pollutants, they use greatly simplified representations of climate, hydrology and biogeochemical processes. Using additional information about weather, river flows and water chemistry in hydrobiogeochemical transport models can lead to new insights about POP behaviour in rivers. As most riverine POPs are associated with suspended sediments (SS) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coupled models simulating SS and DOC can provide additional insights about POPs behaviour. Coupled simulations of river flow, DOC, SS and POP dynamics offer the possibility of improved predictions of contaminant fate and fluxes by leveraging the additional information in routine water quality time series. Here, we present an application of a daily time step dynamic coupled multimedia fate and hydrobiogeochemical transport model (The Integrated Catchment (INCA) Contaminants model) to simulate the behaviour of selected PCB congeners in the River Thames (UK). This is a follow-up to an earlier study where a Level III fugacity model was used to simulate PCB behaviour in the Thames. While coupled models are more complex to apply, we show that they can lead to much better representation of POPs dynamics. The present study shows the importance of accurate sediment and organic carbon simulations to successfully predict riverine PCB transport. Furthermore, it demonstrates the important impact of short-term weather variation on PCB movement through the environment. Specifically, it shows the consequences of the severe flooding, which occurred in early 2014 on sediment PCB concentrations in the River Thames.

ACS Style

Q. Lu; M.N. Futter; Luca Nizzetto; Gianbattista Bussi; Monika Jürgens; P.G. Whitehead. Fate and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the River Thames catchment – Insights from a coupled multimedia fate and hydrobiogeochemical transport model. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 572, 1461 -1470.

AMA Style

Q. Lu, M.N. Futter, Luca Nizzetto, Gianbattista Bussi, Monika Jürgens, P.G. Whitehead. Fate and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the River Thames catchment – Insights from a coupled multimedia fate and hydrobiogeochemical transport model. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 572 ():1461-1470.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Q. Lu; M.N. Futter; Luca Nizzetto; Gianbattista Bussi; Monika Jürgens; P.G. Whitehead. 2016. "Fate and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the River Thames catchment – Insights from a coupled multimedia fate and hydrobiogeochemical transport model." Science of The Total Environment 572, no. : 1461-1470.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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Pathogens are an ongoing issue for catchment water management and quantifying their transport, loss and potential impacts at key locations, such as water abstractions for public supply and bathing sites, is an important aspect of catchment and coastal management. The Integrated Catchment Model (INCA) has been adapted to model the sources and sinks of pathogens and to capture the dominant dynamics and processes controlling pathogens in catchments. The model simulates the stores of pathogens in soils, sediments, rivers and groundwaters and can account for diffuse inputs of pathogens from agriculture, urban areas or atmospheric deposition. The model also allows for point source discharges from intensive livestock units or from sewage treatment works or any industrial input to river systems. Model equations are presented and the new pathogens model has been applied to the River Thames in order to assess total coliform (TC) responses under current and projected future land use. A Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis indicates that the input coliform estimates from agricultural sources and decay rates are the crucial parameters controlling pathogen behaviour. Whilst there are a number of uncertainties associated with the model that should be accounted for, INCA-Pathogens potentially provides a useful tool to inform policy decisions and manage pathogen loading in river systems.

ACS Style

P.G. Whitehead; H. Leckie; Katri Rankinen; D. Butterfield; Martyn Futter; Gianbattista Bussi. An INCA model for pathogens in rivers and catchments: Model structure, sensitivity analysis and application to the River Thames catchment, UK. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 572, 1601 -1610.

AMA Style

P.G. Whitehead, H. Leckie, Katri Rankinen, D. Butterfield, Martyn Futter, Gianbattista Bussi. An INCA model for pathogens in rivers and catchments: Model structure, sensitivity analysis and application to the River Thames catchment, UK. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 572 ():1601-1610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.G. Whitehead; H. Leckie; Katri Rankinen; D. Butterfield; Martyn Futter; Gianbattista Bussi. 2016. "An INCA model for pathogens in rivers and catchments: Model structure, sensitivity analysis and application to the River Thames catchment, UK." Science of The Total Environment 572, no. : 1601-1610.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2015 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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A process-based phytoplankton model developed to simulate the movement and growth of phytoplankton in river systems is presented in this paper. The model is based on mass-balance, and takes into account water temperature, light, self-shading, dissolved phosphorus and silicon concentrations. It was implemented in five reaches of the River Thames (UK), and the results compared to a novel dataset of cytometric data which includes concentrations of chlorophytes, diatoms, cyanobacteria and picoalgae. A Multi-Objective General Sensitivity Analysis was carried out in order to test the model robustness and to quantify the sensitivity to its parameters. The results show a good agreement between the simulations and the measured phytoplankton abundance. The most influential parameters were phytoplankton growth and death rates, while phosphorus concentration showed little influence, due to the high concentration of phosphorus in the Thames. The model is an important step forward towards understanding and predicting algal dynamics in river systems.

ACS Style

Paul G. Whitehead; Gianbattista Bussi; Mike Bowes; Daniel S. Read; Michael G. Hutchins; J. Alex Elliott; Simon Dadson. Dynamic modelling of multiple phytoplankton groups in rivers with an application to the Thames river system in the UK. Environmental Modelling & Software 2015, 74, 75 -91.

AMA Style

Paul G. Whitehead, Gianbattista Bussi, Mike Bowes, Daniel S. Read, Michael G. Hutchins, J. Alex Elliott, Simon Dadson. Dynamic modelling of multiple phytoplankton groups in rivers with an application to the Thames river system in the UK. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2015; 74 ():75-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul G. Whitehead; Gianbattista Bussi; Mike Bowes; Daniel S. Read; Michael G. Hutchins; J. Alex Elliott; Simon Dadson. 2015. "Dynamic modelling of multiple phytoplankton groups in rivers with an application to the Thames river system in the UK." Environmental Modelling & Software 74, no. : 75-91.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2015 in Science of The Total Environment
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Measurements have shown low levels of PCBs in water but relatively high concentrations in the resident fish of the River Thames (UK). To better understand the distribution and behaviour of PCBs in the Thames river basin and their potential risks, a level III fugacity model was applied to selected PCB congeners (PCB 52, PCB 118 and PCB 153). The modelling results indicated that fish and sediments represent environmental compartments with the highest PCB concentrations; but the greatest mass of PCBs (over 70%) is likely to remain in the soil. As emissions decline, soil could then act as a significant secondary source of PCBs with the river bed-sediment functioning as a long-term reservoir of PCBs. The predicted changes in temperature and rainfall forecast in the UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) over the next 80 years had only a modest influence on PCB fate in the model. The most significant result was a tendency for climate change to enhance the evaporation of PCBs from soil to air in the Thames catchment.

ACS Style

Qiong Lu; Andrew Johnson; Monika Jürgens; Andrew Sweetman; Li Jin; Paul Whitehead. The distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in the River Thames Catchment under the scenarios of climate change. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 533, 187 -195.

AMA Style

Qiong Lu, Andrew Johnson, Monika Jürgens, Andrew Sweetman, Li Jin, Paul Whitehead. The distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in the River Thames Catchment under the scenarios of climate change. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 533 ():187-195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiong Lu; Andrew Johnson; Monika Jürgens; Andrew Sweetman; Li Jin; Paul Whitehead. 2015. "The distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in the River Thames Catchment under the scenarios of climate change." Science of The Total Environment 533, no. : 187-195.

Journals
Published: 27 March 2015 in Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
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Anthropogenic climate change has impacted and will continue to impact the natural environment and people around the world.

ACS Style

L. Jin; P. G. Whitehead; S. Sarkar; R. Sinha; M. N. Futter; D. Butterfield; J. Caesar; Jill Crossman. Assessing the impacts of climate change and socio-economic changes on flow and phosphorus flux in the Ganga river system. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 2015, 17, 1098 -1110.

AMA Style

L. Jin, P. G. Whitehead, S. Sarkar, R. Sinha, M. N. Futter, D. Butterfield, J. Caesar, Jill Crossman. Assessing the impacts of climate change and socio-economic changes on flow and phosphorus flux in the Ganga river system. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 2015; 17 (6):1098-1110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Jin; P. G. Whitehead; S. Sarkar; R. Sinha; M. N. Futter; D. Butterfield; J. Caesar; Jill Crossman. 2015. "Assessing the impacts of climate change and socio-economic changes on flow and phosphorus flux in the Ganga river system." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 6: 1098-1110.