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Linda Nedbalova
Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic

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Journal article
Published: 25 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The microalgal strain Chlorella sorokiniana isolated from a waste stabilization pond was used for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater. Three light:dark (L:D) regimes of 12:12, 16:8, and 24:0 were used for treating wastewater in microalga (A), microalga + sludge (A + S), and sludge (S) reactors. The removal of nutrients (N and P) was found to be the highest in the microalga-based reactor, with more than 80% removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and 1.2–5.6 log unit removal of pathogens. The addition of sludge improved chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Nitrifiers were found to be predominant in the A + S reactor. Algal biomass productivity was more than 280 mg/L/d in all the L:D regimes. The increase in light regime improved nutrient removal and biomass productivity in the algal reactor. Results of the kinetic study showed that (i) nitrifiers had more affinity for ammonium than microalga, and hence, most of the ammonia was oxidized to nitrate, (ii) microalga assimilated nitrate as the primary nitrogen source in the A + S reactor, and (iii) solubilization of particulate organic nitrogen originated from dead cells reduced the nitrogen removal efficiency. However, in the microalga-based reactor, the ammonium uptake was higher than nitrate uptake. Among pathogens, the removal of Salmonella and Shigella was better in the A + S reactor than in the other two reactors (microalga and sludge reactor). Additionally, the heterotrophic plate count was drastically reduced in the presence of microalga. No such drastic reduction was observed in the stand-alone sludge reactor. Kinetic modeling revealed that microalga–pathogen competition and pH-induced die-off were the two predominant factors for pathogen inactivation.

ACS Style

Swati Rani; Raja Chowdhury; Wendong Tao; Linda Nedbalova. Microalga-Mediated Tertiary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater: Removal of Nutrients and Pathogens. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9554 .

AMA Style

Swati Rani, Raja Chowdhury, Wendong Tao, Linda Nedbalova. Microalga-Mediated Tertiary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater: Removal of Nutrients and Pathogens. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Swati Rani; Raja Chowdhury; Wendong Tao; Linda Nedbalova. 2021. "Microalga-Mediated Tertiary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater: Removal of Nutrients and Pathogens." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9554.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in Microorganisms
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Melting polar and alpine ice surfaces frequently exhibit blooms of dark pigmented algae. These microbial extremophiles significantly reduce the surface albedo of glaciers, thus accelerating melt rates. However, the ecology, physiology and taxonomy of cryoflora are not yet fully understood. Here, a Swiss and an Austrian glacier dominated either by filamentous Ancylonema nordenskioeldii or unicellular Mesotaenium berggrenii var. alaskanum, were sampled. Molecular analysis showed that both species are closely related, sharing identical chloroplast morphologies (parietal-lobed for Ancylonema vs. axial plate-like for Mesotaenium sensu stricto), thus the unicellular species was renamed Ancylonema alaskana. Moreover, an ecophysiological comparison of the two species was performed: pulse–amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry confirmed that they have a high tolerance to elevated solar irradiation, the physiological light preferences reflected the conditions in the original habitat; nonetheless, A. nordenskioeldii was adapted to higher irradiances while the photosystems of A. alaskana were able to use efficiently low irradiances. Additionally, the main vacuolar polyphenol, which effectively shields the photosystems, was identical in both species. Also, about half of the cellular fatty acids were polyunsaturated, and the lipidome profiles dominated by triacylglycerols were very similar. The results indicate that A. alaskana is physiologically very similar and closely related but genetically distinct to A. nordenskioeldii.

ACS Style

Lenka Procházková; Tomáš Řezanka; Linda Nedbalová; Daniel Remias. Unicellular versus Filamentous: The Glacial Alga Ancylonema alaskana comb. et stat. nov. and Its Ecophysiological Relatedness to Ancylonema nordenskioeldii (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta). Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1103 .

AMA Style

Lenka Procházková, Tomáš Řezanka, Linda Nedbalová, Daniel Remias. Unicellular versus Filamentous: The Glacial Alga Ancylonema alaskana comb. et stat. nov. and Its Ecophysiological Relatedness to Ancylonema nordenskioeldii (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta). Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (5):1103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lenka Procházková; Tomáš Řezanka; Linda Nedbalová; Daniel Remias. 2021. "Unicellular versus Filamentous: The Glacial Alga Ancylonema alaskana comb. et stat. nov. and Its Ecophysiological Relatedness to Ancylonema nordenskioeldii (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta)." Microorganisms 9, no. 5: 1103.

Original article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Protoplasma
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Diatoms are microalgae that thrive in a range of habitats worldwide including polar areas. Remarkably, non-marine pennate diatoms do not create any morphologically distinct dormant stages that could help them to successfully face unfavourable conditions. Their survival is probably connected with the adaptation of vegetative cells to freezing and desiccation. Here we assessed the freezing tolerance of vegetative cells and vegetative-looking resting cells of 12 freshwater strains of benthic pennate diatoms isolated from polar habitats. To test the effect of various environmental factors, the strains were exposed to −20 °C freezing in four differently treated cultures: (1) vegetative cells growing in standard conditions in standard WC medium and (2) resting cells induced by cold and dark acclimation and resting cells, where (3) phosphorus or (4) nitrogen deficiency were used in addition to cold and dark acclimation. Tolerance was evaluated by measurement of basal cell fluorescence of chlorophyll and determination of physiological cell status using a multiparameter fluorescent staining. Four strains out of 12 were able to tolerate freezing in at least some of the treatments. The minority of cells appeared to be active immediately after thawing process, while most cells were inactive, injured or dead. Overall, the results showed a high sensitivity of vegetative and resting cells to freezing stress among strains originating from polar areas. However, the importance of resting cells for survival was emphasized by a slight but statistically significant increase of freezing tolerance of nutrient-depleted cells. Low numbers of surviving cells in our experimental setup could indicate their importance for the overwintering of diatom populations in harsh polar conditions.

ACS Style

Eva Hejduková; Linda Nedbalová. Experimental freezing of freshwater pennate diatoms from polar habitats. Protoplasma 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Eva Hejduková, Linda Nedbalová. Experimental freezing of freshwater pennate diatoms from polar habitats. Protoplasma. 2021; ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva Hejduková; Linda Nedbalová. 2021. "Experimental freezing of freshwater pennate diatoms from polar habitats." Protoplasma , no. : 1-17.

Original paper
Published: 11 December 2020 in Polar Biology
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Red snow caused by spherical cysts can be found worldwide, while an orange snow phenomenon caused by spherical cells is restricted to (Sub-)Arctic climates. Both bloom types, occurring in the same localities at Svalbard, were compared ecophysiologically. Using a combination of molecular markers and light- and transmission electron microscopy, cells were identified as Sanguina nivaloides and Sanguina aurantia (Chlorophyceae). In search for reasons for a cosmopolitan vs. a more restricted distribution of these microbes, significant differences in fatty acid and pigment profiles of field samples were found. S. aurantia accumulated much lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (21% vs. 48% of total fatty acids) and exhibited lower astaxanthin-to-chlorophyll-a ratio (2–8 vs. 12–18). These compounds play an important role in adaptation to extreme conditions at the snow surface and within snow drifts. Accordingly, the performance of photosystem II showed that one third to nearly half of the photosynthetic active irradiation was sufficient in S. aurantia, compared to S. nivaloides, to become light saturated. Furthermore, formation of plastoglobules observed in S. nivaloides but missing in S. aurantia may contribute to photoprotection. The rapid light curves of the two species show to a certain extent the shade-adapted photosynthesis under the light conditions at Svalbard (high α-value 0.16 vs. 0.11, low saturation point I k 59 vs. 86). These results indicate significant physiological and ultrastructural differences of the two genetically closely related cryoflora species, but the reasons why S. aurantia has not been found at conditions outside (Sub-)Arctic climate types remain unknown.

ACS Style

Lenka Procházková; Daniel Remias; Andreas Holzinger; Tomáš Řezanka; Linda Nedbalová. Ecophysiological and ultrastructural characterisation of the circumpolar orange snow alga Sanguina aurantia compared to the cosmopolitan red snow alga Sanguina nivaloides (Chlorophyta). Polar Biology 2020, 44, 105 -117.

AMA Style

Lenka Procházková, Daniel Remias, Andreas Holzinger, Tomáš Řezanka, Linda Nedbalová. Ecophysiological and ultrastructural characterisation of the circumpolar orange snow alga Sanguina aurantia compared to the cosmopolitan red snow alga Sanguina nivaloides (Chlorophyta). Polar Biology. 2020; 44 (1):105-117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lenka Procházková; Daniel Remias; Andreas Holzinger; Tomáš Řezanka; Linda Nedbalová. 2020. "Ecophysiological and ultrastructural characterisation of the circumpolar orange snow alga Sanguina aurantia compared to the cosmopolitan red snow alga Sanguina nivaloides (Chlorophyta)." Polar Biology 44, no. 1: 105-117.

Microbiology of aquatic systems
Published: 02 June 2020 in Microbial Ecology
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Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) are important primary producers in a wide range of hydro-terrestrial habitats in polar regions that are characterized by many extreme environmental conditions. Nevertheless, how they survive periods of drought and/or freeze remains unknown. A general strategy of microorganisms to overcome adverse conditions is dormancy, but morphologically distinct diatom resting stages are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the annual cycle of freshwater diatoms in the High Arctic (Central Spitsbergen) and provide an insight into their physiological cell status variability. The diversity and viability of diatom cells were studied in samples collected five times at four study sites, tracing the key events for survival (summer vegetative season, autumn dry-freezing, winter freezing, spring melting, summer vegetative season [again]). For viability evaluation, a multiparameter fluorescent staining was used in combination with light microscopy and allowed to reveal the physiological status at a single-cell level. The proportions of the cell categories were seasonally and locality dependent. The results suggested that a significant portion of vegetative cells survive winter and provide an inoculum for the following vegetative season. The ice thickness significantly influenced spring survival. The thicker the ice layer was, the more dead cells and fewer other stages were observed. The influence of the average week max–min temperature differences in autumn and winter was not proven.

ACS Style

Eva Hejduková; Josef Elster; Linda Nedbalová. Annual Cycle of Freshwater Diatoms in the High Arctic Revealed by Multiparameter Fluorescent Staining. Microbial Ecology 2020, 80, 559 -572.

AMA Style

Eva Hejduková, Josef Elster, Linda Nedbalová. Annual Cycle of Freshwater Diatoms in the High Arctic Revealed by Multiparameter Fluorescent Staining. Microbial Ecology. 2020; 80 (3):559-572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva Hejduková; Josef Elster; Linda Nedbalová. 2020. "Annual Cycle of Freshwater Diatoms in the High Arctic Revealed by Multiparameter Fluorescent Staining." Microbial Ecology 80, no. 3: 559-572.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2020 in Water
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Diatoms are useful ecological and paleolimnological indicators routinely used to reconstruct past conditions and monitor environmental change. Despite this, diatom assemblages from lake sediment cores are often difficult to interpret due to a limited knowledge of the ecology of some species, some of which may originate from the adjacent limno-terrestrial landscape. Here, we compare diatom assemblages from two recently published Antarctic lake sediment cores collected from the northeast and southwest sides of Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula. We further compare the sediment core assemblages with adjacent modern communities inhabiting four different limno-terrestrial habitat types to gauge the importance of landscape connectivity in determining paleo-assemblage structure. We found that diatom assemblage composition was significantly different between the two cores, and our survey of modern habitats further revealed habitat type to be an important factor determining the composition of limno-terrestrial samples. Differences in modern habitats were driven primarily by Chamaepinnularia krookiformis in mosses, Nitzschia paleacea in ponds, and Fistulifera pelliculosa in streams. When modern communities were compared with paleo-assemblages through ordination, the cored lake from the northeast side, which exhibited greater hydrological connectivity with its surroundings, clustered more closely with the adjacent modern samples. Meanwhile, the cored lake from the southwest side, which was more hydrologically isolated, formed a distinct cluster separate from the others. Overall, species richness and diversity were greater on the southwest side of the island than the northeast, and the known distributions of diatom taxa supported the notion that Vega Island was a transitional zone between the Maritime and Continental Antarctic bioregions. These results collectively suggested that while environmental and spatial controls may be influential in determining diatom community composition, the unique hydrogeological setting of individual waterbodies was an important consideration for determining the assemblage structure of lake cores. This paper furthermore expanded ongoing research of diatom diversity and distributions on maritime Antarctic islands, which will improve diatom-based interpretations for regional ecological monitoring and paleolimnology in the future.

ACS Style

Marie Bulínová; Tyler J. Kohler; Jan Kavan; Bart Van De Vijver; Daniel Nývlt; Linda Nedbalová; Silvia H. Coria; Juan M. Lirio; Kateřina Kopalová. Comparison of Diatom Paleo-Assemblages with Adjacent Limno-Terrestrial Communities on Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Water 2020, 12, 1340 .

AMA Style

Marie Bulínová, Tyler J. Kohler, Jan Kavan, Bart Van De Vijver, Daniel Nývlt, Linda Nedbalová, Silvia H. Coria, Juan M. Lirio, Kateřina Kopalová. Comparison of Diatom Paleo-Assemblages with Adjacent Limno-Terrestrial Communities on Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1340.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marie Bulínová; Tyler J. Kohler; Jan Kavan; Bart Van De Vijver; Daniel Nývlt; Linda Nedbalová; Silvia H. Coria; Juan M. Lirio; Kateřina Kopalová. 2020. "Comparison of Diatom Paleo-Assemblages with Adjacent Limno-Terrestrial Communities on Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula." Water 12, no. 5: 1340.

Regular article
Published: 22 October 2019 in Journal of Phycology
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Melting summer snow in the Austrian Alps exhibited a yellowish bloom that was mainly comprised of an unidentified unicellular chrysophyte. Molecular data (18S rRNA and rbcL genes) showed a close relationship to published sequences from an American pond alga formerly identified as Kremastochrysis sp. The genera Kremastochrysis and Kremastochrysopsis are morphologically distinguished by the number of flagella observed with the light microscope, and therefore we assigned the Austrian snow alga and an American pond alga to the genus Kremastochrysopsis. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that swimming cells had two flagella oriented in opposite directions, typical for the Hibberdiales. Molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that both new species were closely related to Hibberdia. Kremastochrysopsis ocellata, the type species and only known species, has two chloroplasts per cell and the zoospores have red eyespots. Our two organisms had only a single chloroplast and no zoospore eyespot, but their gene sequences differed substantially. Therefore, we described two new species, Kremastochrysopsis austriaca sp. nov and Kremstochrysopsis americana sp. nov. When grown in culture, both taxa showed a characteristic hyponeustonic growth (hanging below the water surface), whereas older immotile cells grew at the bottom of the culture vessel. Ecologically, Kremastochrysopsis austriaca sp. nov., which caused snow discolorations, had no close phylogenetic relationships to other psychrophilic chrysophytes, for example, Chromulina chionophilia, Hydrurus sp., and Ochromonas‐like flagellates.

ACS Style

Daniel Remias; Lenka Procházková; Linda Nedbalová; Robert A. Andersen; K. Valentin. Two New Kremastochrysopsis species, K. austriaca sp. nov. and K. americana sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) 1. Journal of Phycology 2019, 56, 135 -145.

AMA Style

Daniel Remias, Lenka Procházková, Linda Nedbalová, Robert A. Andersen, K. Valentin. Two New Kremastochrysopsis species, K. austriaca sp. nov. and K. americana sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) 1. Journal of Phycology. 2019; 56 (1):135-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Remias; Lenka Procházková; Linda Nedbalová; Robert A. Andersen; K. Valentin. 2019. "Two New Kremastochrysopsis species, K. austriaca sp. nov. and K. americana sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) 1." Journal of Phycology 56, no. 1: 135-145.

Regular article
Published: 14 October 2019 in Journal of Phycology
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The green algal genus Cylindrocystis is widespread in various types of environments, including extreme habitats. However, very little is known about its diversity, especially in polar regions. In the present study, we isolated seven new Cylindrocystis-like strains from terrestrial and freshwater habitats in Svalbard (High Arctic). We aimed to compare the new isolates on a molecular (rbcL and 18S rDNA), morphological (light and confocal laser scanning microscopy) and cytological (Raman spectroscopy) basis. Our results demonstrated that the Arctic Cylindrocystis were not of a monophyletic origin and that the studied strains clustered within two clades (tentatively named the soil and freshwater/glacier clades) and four separate lineages. Morphological data (cell size, shape and chloroplast morphology) supported the presence of several distinct taxa among the new isolates. Moreover, the results showed that the Arctic Cylindrocystis strains were closely related to strains originating from the temperate zone, indicating high ecological versatility and successful long-distance dispersal of the genus. Large amounts of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) grains were detected within the chloroplasts of the cultured Arctic Cylindrocystis strains, suggesting effective luxury uptake of phosphorus. Additionally, various intracellular structures were identified using Raman spectroscopy and cytochemical and fluorescent staining. This study represents the first attempt to combine molecular, morphological, ecological and biogeographical data for Arctic Cylindrocystis. Our novel cytological observations partially explain the success of Cylindrocystis-like microalgae in polar regions.

ACS Style

Dovilė Barcytė; Jana Pilátová; Peter Mojzeš; Linda Nedbalová. The Arctic Cylindrocystis (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) Green Algae are Genetically and Morphologically Diverse and Exhibit Effective Accumulation of Polyphosphate. Journal of Phycology 2019, 56, 217 -232.

AMA Style

Dovilė Barcytė, Jana Pilátová, Peter Mojzeš, Linda Nedbalová. The Arctic Cylindrocystis (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) Green Algae are Genetically and Morphologically Diverse and Exhibit Effective Accumulation of Polyphosphate. Journal of Phycology. 2019; 56 (1):217-232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dovilė Barcytė; Jana Pilátová; Peter Mojzeš; Linda Nedbalová. 2019. "The Arctic Cylindrocystis (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) Green Algae are Genetically and Morphologically Diverse and Exhibit Effective Accumulation of Polyphosphate." Journal of Phycology 56, no. 1: 217-232.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2019 in Microorganisms
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Slowly melting snowfields in mountain and polar regions are habitats of snow algae. Orange blooms were sampled in three European mountain ranges. The cysts within the blooms morphologically resembled those of Chloromonas nivalis (Chlorophyceae). Molecular and morphological traits of field and cultured material showed that they represent a new species, Chloromonas hindakii sp. nov. The performance of photosystem II was evaluated by fluorometry. For the first time for a snow alga, cyst stages collected in a wide altitudinal gradient and the laboratory strain were compared. The results showed that cysts were well adapted to medium and high irradiance. Cysts from high light conditions became photoinhibited at three times higher irradiances (600 µmol photons m-2 s-1) than those from low light conditions, or likewise compared to cultured flagellates. Therefore, the physiologic light preferences reflected the conditions in the original habitat. A high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (about 60% of total lipids) and the accumulation of the carotenoid astaxanthin was observed. They are regarded as adaptations to cope with extreme environmental conditions of snow that include low temperatures, freeze-thaw cycles, and variable light intensity. The intraspecific ability of adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to different irradiance regimes seems to be advantageous for thriving in different snow habitats.

ACS Style

Lenka Procházková; Daniel Remias; Tomáš Řezanka; Linda Nedbalová. Ecophysiology of Chloromonas hindakii sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae), Causing Orange Snow Blooms at Different Light Conditions. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 434 .

AMA Style

Lenka Procházková, Daniel Remias, Tomáš Řezanka, Linda Nedbalová. Ecophysiology of Chloromonas hindakii sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae), Causing Orange Snow Blooms at Different Light Conditions. Microorganisms. 2019; 7 (10):434.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lenka Procházková; Daniel Remias; Tomáš Řezanka; Linda Nedbalová. 2019. "Ecophysiology of Chloromonas hindakii sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae), Causing Orange Snow Blooms at Different Light Conditions." Microorganisms 7, no. 10: 434.

Original paper
Published: 18 July 2019 in Polar Biology
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Diatoms are important ecological indicators in Antarctica, and paleolimnologists routinely apply transfer functions to fossil diatoms recovered from lake sediments to reconstruct past environments. However, living diatom communities may differ among the possible habitat types represented in sediment cores (both within lakes and their immediate proximity), hindering the full and accurate interpretation of fossil records. Therefore, an improved understanding of Antarctic diatom habitat preferences would substantially aid in interpreting regional paleo-material. To gain insights into habitat differences, we sampled epipelon, epilithon, Nostoc mats, lake-adjacent moss, and wet soil from > 30 lakes and ponds from Clearwater Mesa, James Ross Island, spanning a broad gradient in conductivity (a common basis for transfer functions). We found that diatom communities significantly differed between habitat types (although abundances were too low in Nostoc mats to characterize communities), with the clearest distinctions being between submerged (epipelon and epilithon) and exposed (moss and wet soil) groups. Submerged habitat types had greater abundances of attached aquatic taxa (i.e. Gomphonema spp.), while exposed habitats harboured more abundant aerophilic genera (e.g. Hantzschia, Luticola, and Pinnularia). Furthermore, only epilithon communities were significantly related to conductivity, and both epipelon and epilithon habitats showed conspicuous increases in Denticula jamesrossensis at greater conductivity values. Collectively, these results improve our knowledge of limno-terrestrial diatoms from the Maritime Antarctic Region, and further highlight the utility of incorporating knowledge of habitat preferences into (paleo)ecological research.

ACS Style

K. Kopalová; J. Soukup; T. J. Kohler; M. Roman; S. H. Coria; P. A. Vignoni; K. L. Lecomte; L. Nedbalová; D. Nývlt; J. M. Lirio. Habitat controls on limno-terrestrial diatom communities of Clearwater Mesa, James Ross Island, Maritime Antarctica. Polar Biology 2019, 42, 1595 -1613.

AMA Style

K. Kopalová, J. Soukup, T. J. Kohler, M. Roman, S. H. Coria, P. A. Vignoni, K. L. Lecomte, L. Nedbalová, D. Nývlt, J. M. Lirio. Habitat controls on limno-terrestrial diatom communities of Clearwater Mesa, James Ross Island, Maritime Antarctica. Polar Biology. 2019; 42 (8):1595-1613.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Kopalová; J. Soukup; T. J. Kohler; M. Roman; S. H. Coria; P. A. Vignoni; K. L. Lecomte; L. Nedbalová; D. Nývlt; J. M. Lirio. 2019. "Habitat controls on limno-terrestrial diatom communities of Clearwater Mesa, James Ross Island, Maritime Antarctica." Polar Biology 42, no. 8: 1595-1613.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2019 in Phytochemistry
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Lipid-like compounds containing a dimethylarsinoyl group, i.e. Me2As(O)-, have been identified by liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC/ICP-MS) and non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (positive and/or negative high-resolution tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (NARP-HPLC/HR-ESI+(−)-MS/MS) from three strains of green algae of the genus Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). The algae were cultivated in a medium containing 10 g arsenic/L, i.e. 133.5 mmol/L of Na2HAsO4.7H2O. After extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), total lipids were analyzed by ICP-MS or ESI-MS without any further separation or fractionation. A total of 39 molecular species of arsenic triacylglycerols (AsTAG), 15 arsenic phosphatidylcholines (AsPC), 8 arsenic phosphatidylethanolamines (AsPE), 6 arsenic phosphatidylinositols (AsPI), 2 arsenic phosphatidylglycerols (AsPG) and 5 unknown lipids (probably ceramides) were identified. The structures of all molecular species were confirmed by tandem MS. Dry matter of the individual strains contained different amounts of total arsenolipids, i.e. C. elongata CCALA 427 (0.32 mg/g), C. onubensis (1.48 mg/g), C. elongata S3 (2.13 mg/g). On the other hand, there were only slight differences between strains in the relative abundances of individual molecular species. Possible biosynthesis of long-chain lipids with the end group Me2As(O) has also been suggested.

ACS Style

Tomáš Řezanka; Linda Nedbalová; Dovilė Barcytė; Milada Vítová; Karel Sigler. Arsenolipids in the green alga Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Phytochemistry 2019, 164, 243 -251.

AMA Style

Tomáš Řezanka, Linda Nedbalová, Dovilė Barcytė, Milada Vítová, Karel Sigler. Arsenolipids in the green alga Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Phytochemistry. 2019; 164 ():243-251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomáš Řezanka; Linda Nedbalová; Dovilė Barcytė; Milada Vítová; Karel Sigler. 2019. "Arsenolipids in the green alga Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)." Phytochemistry 164, no. : 243-251.

Articles
Published: 21 May 2019 in Phycologia
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Although polar regions are characterised by extreme environment conditions with overall low temperatures and often pronounced diurnal to seasonal temperature fluctuations, diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) thrive in a wide range of nonmarine polar habitats, suggesting that they are well adapted to these harsh conditions. In this study, tolerance to freezing of vegetative and resting cells of 17 polar and nine temperate diatom strains, belonging to different morphospecies and originating from both freshwater and terrestrial habitats, was experimentally tested. Most strains were newly isolated from sites in Maritime Antarctica (James Ross Island and Vega Island), the High Arctic (Spitsbergen) and Europe. Cultures were exposed to five freezing treatments differing in temperature (−4, −20, −40 and −180 °C), freezing rate (gradual, abrupt), time (1 h, 12 h) and thawing rate (slow, fast). Results indicated that diatoms were sensitive to experimental freezing. Freezing temperatures had a significant effect on strain survival: all strains survived −4 °C; most survived −20 °C; five survived −40 °C, and four of these (all belonging to the Pinnularia borealis complex) survived freezing in liquid nitrogen (−180 °C). The cooling and thawing rate had a significant impact on survival: abrupt cooling and slow thawing resulted in much lower survival rates than gradual cooling and fast thawing. Resting cells showed better growth than vegetative cells after freezing treatment but only in the −4 °C treatment. Surprisingly, no striking differences in growth recovery were observed between polar and temperate strains.

ACS Style

Eva Hejduková; Eveline Pinseel; Pieter Vanormelingen; Linda Nedbalová; Josef Elster; Wim Vyverman; Koen Sabbe. Tolerance of pennate diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) to experimental freezing: comparison of polar and temperate strains. Phycologia 2019, 58, 382 -392.

AMA Style

Eva Hejduková, Eveline Pinseel, Pieter Vanormelingen, Linda Nedbalová, Josef Elster, Wim Vyverman, Koen Sabbe. Tolerance of pennate diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) to experimental freezing: comparison of polar and temperate strains. Phycologia. 2019; 58 (4):382-392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva Hejduková; Eveline Pinseel; Pieter Vanormelingen; Linda Nedbalová; Josef Elster; Wim Vyverman; Koen Sabbe. 2019. "Tolerance of pennate diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) to experimental freezing: comparison of polar and temperate strains." Phycologia 58, no. 4: 382-392.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2019 in FEMS Microbiology Ecology
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Melting snowfields in polar and alpine regions often exhibit a red and orange colouration caused by microalgae. The diversity of these organisms is still poorly understood. We applied a polyphasic approach using three molecular markers and light and electron microscopy to investigate spherical cysts sampled from alpine mountains in Europe, North America and South America as well as from both polar regions. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of a single independent lineage within the Chlamydomonadales. The genus Sanguina is described, with Sanguina nivaloides as its type. It is distinguishable from other red cysts forming alga by the number of cell wall layers, cell size, cell surface morphology and habitat preference. Sanguina nivaloides is a diverse species containing a total of 18 haplotypes according to nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2, with low nucleotide divergence (≤3.5%). Based on molecular data we demonstrate that it has a cosmopolitan distribution with an absence of geographical structuring, indicating an effective dispersal strategy with the cysts being transported all around the globe, including trans-equatorially. Additionally, Sanguina aurantia is described, with small spherical orange cysts often clustered by means of mucilaginous sheaths, and causing orange blooms in snow in subarctic and Arctic regions.

ACS Style

Lenka Procházková; Thomas Leya; Heda Křížková; Linda Nedbalová. Sanguina nivaloides and Sanguina aurantia gen. et spp. nov. (Chlorophyta): the taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography and ecology of two newly recognised algae causing red and orange snow. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2019, 95, 1 .

AMA Style

Lenka Procházková, Thomas Leya, Heda Křížková, Linda Nedbalová. Sanguina nivaloides and Sanguina aurantia gen. et spp. nov. (Chlorophyta): the taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography and ecology of two newly recognised algae causing red and orange snow. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 2019; 95 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lenka Procházková; Thomas Leya; Heda Křížková; Linda Nedbalová. 2019. "Sanguina nivaloides and Sanguina aurantia gen. et spp. nov. (Chlorophyta): the taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography and ecology of two newly recognised algae causing red and orange snow." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 95, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2019 in Antarctic Science
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Lentic freshwater habitats are important centres of biodiversity within the infrequent ice-free oases across Antarctica. Given imminent climate changes, it is crucial to catalogue these habitats in order to provide baseline data for future monitoring and biological surveys. The lacustrine systems of Clearwater Mesa, a previously unexplored part of James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, are described here. We conducted basic geomorphological and limnological surveys over three Antarctic summers (2009–16) to characterize landscape evolution, infer the origin of lake basins and assess the variability in their water chemistry. Stable shallow lakes, formed in depressions between lava tumuli following the last deglaciation, were found to dominate the volcanic mesa, although several peripheral lakes in ice-proximal settings appear to have formed recently as a result of post-Neoglacial ice recession. We found large heterogeneity in conductivity (~10–7000 μS cm−1), despite the lithologically uniform substrate. This variability was shown to be related to lake type, basin type (openvsclosed), meltwater source and proximity to the coast. Inter-annual differences were attributed to changes in sea spray influx and snow accumulation driven by variable weather conditions. Overall, the ion composition of lakes suggested that sea spray was the dominant source of ions, followed by the weathering of bedrock.

ACS Style

Matěj Roman; Linda Nedbalová; Tyler J. Kohler; Juan M. Lirio; Silvia H. Coria; Jiří Kopáček; Paula A. Vignoni; Kateřina Kopalová; Karina L. LeComte; Josef Elster; Daniel Nývlt. Lacustrine systems of Clearwater Mesa (James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula): geomorphological setting and limnological characterization. Antarctic Science 2019, 31, 169 -188.

AMA Style

Matěj Roman, Linda Nedbalová, Tyler J. Kohler, Juan M. Lirio, Silvia H. Coria, Jiří Kopáček, Paula A. Vignoni, Kateřina Kopalová, Karina L. LeComte, Josef Elster, Daniel Nývlt. Lacustrine systems of Clearwater Mesa (James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula): geomorphological setting and limnological characterization. Antarctic Science. 2019; 31 (4):169-188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matěj Roman; Linda Nedbalová; Tyler J. Kohler; Juan M. Lirio; Silvia H. Coria; Jiří Kopáček; Paula A. Vignoni; Kateřina Kopalová; Karina L. LeComte; Josef Elster; Daniel Nývlt. 2019. "Lacustrine systems of Clearwater Mesa (James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula): geomorphological setting and limnological characterization." Antarctic Science 31, no. 4: 169-188.

Research article
Published: 02 April 2019 in The Holocene
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We have studied laminated sediments from Lake Esmeralda, Vega Island, in order to reconstruct its history. We describe both inorganic and organic components of the sediment using a combination of the following analytical methods: x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility measurement, chemical analysis for determination of cation exchange capacity, grain size determination, geochemical analyses (total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur (TS)), spectrophotometry, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and diatom assemblage and faunal remains characterization. The geochronology of the core was based on modelling optically stimulated luminescence ages and supported by laminae counting. The dating results imply a maximum age of ~400 years for the 177-cm long core and a period covered of ~200 years, suggesting (quasi-)annual laminae formation. Such a young age contradicts previous findings based on radiocarbon dating. Geomorphological evidence indicates that river capture isolated the lake catchment from upslope sediment delivery, effectively terminating accumulation ~230 years ago. Conversely, our short-term palaeoenvironmental record yields a subdecadal temporal resolution, which is unparalleled in comparison with other Antarctic palaeolimnological studies. Our interpretations of the geochemical and mineralogical proxy data give us insight into the past lake catchment and waterbody evolution, and lead us to recognize periods of enhanced weathering, bottom anoxia and to distinguish major lake level changes.

ACS Style

Anna Píšková; Matěj Roman; Marie Bulínová; Matěj Pokorný; David Sanderson; Alan Cresswell; Juan Manuel Lirio; Silvia Herminda Coria; Linda Nedbalová; Andrea Lami; Simona Musazzi; Bart Van De Vijver; Daniel Nývlt; Kateřina Kopalová. Late-Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes at Lake Esmeralda (Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula) based on a multi-proxy analysis of laminated lake sediment. The Holocene 2019, 29, 1155 -1175.

AMA Style

Anna Píšková, Matěj Roman, Marie Bulínová, Matěj Pokorný, David Sanderson, Alan Cresswell, Juan Manuel Lirio, Silvia Herminda Coria, Linda Nedbalová, Andrea Lami, Simona Musazzi, Bart Van De Vijver, Daniel Nývlt, Kateřina Kopalová. Late-Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes at Lake Esmeralda (Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula) based on a multi-proxy analysis of laminated lake sediment. The Holocene. 2019; 29 (7):1155-1175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Píšková; Matěj Roman; Marie Bulínová; Matěj Pokorný; David Sanderson; Alan Cresswell; Juan Manuel Lirio; Silvia Herminda Coria; Linda Nedbalová; Andrea Lami; Simona Musazzi; Bart Van De Vijver; Daniel Nývlt; Kateřina Kopalová. 2019. "Late-Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes at Lake Esmeralda (Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula) based on a multi-proxy analysis of laminated lake sediment." The Holocene 29, no. 7: 1155-1175.

Research paper
Published: 22 February 2019 in Limnology
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Macroscopic fuzzy clumps of green filaments resembling filamentous algae were found on multiple sampling occasions in the water close to the shore of the extremely acidic (pH < 3) Hromnice Lake in Czechia. Microscopic investigation revealed that these filaments were moss protonemata. In order to identify the moss, we sequenced chloroplast (rbcL), mitochondrial (nad5), and nuclear (ITS2) molecular markers of these filaments. In addition, we sampled adult mosses growing on the wet substrate soaked with lakewater. The sequences of protonemata matched those of the adults, which were morphologically identified as Dicranella sp. Phylogenetic analysis of the rbcL gene showed a sister relationship with D. heteromalla, generally known for growing in acidic habitats, and other protonemata occurring in acidic rivers in Japan. The nad5-based phylogeny revealed that the studied protonemata belonged to the species D. cerviculata, and the same taxonomic affiliation was confirmed by the ITS2 rDNA sequence and its secondary structure. The extreme environment of Hromnice Lake prevents the further development of protonemata which, in turn, are capable of surviving acidic conditions in the prolonged protonemal stage. Due to their macroscopic similarity to filamentous algae, protonemata might be more common in extremely acidic waters than originally thought.

ACS Style

Dovilė Barcytė; Jan Fott; Linda Nedbalová. A molecular approach to identification of protonemata helps assess biodiversity of extremely acidic freshwaters. Limnology 2019, 20, 225 -231.

AMA Style

Dovilė Barcytė, Jan Fott, Linda Nedbalová. A molecular approach to identification of protonemata helps assess biodiversity of extremely acidic freshwaters. Limnology. 2019; 20 (2):225-231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dovilė Barcytė; Jan Fott; Linda Nedbalová. 2019. "A molecular approach to identification of protonemata helps assess biodiversity of extremely acidic freshwaters." Limnology 20, no. 2: 225-231.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2019 in Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
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We tested the potential of Raman microspectroscopy to determine carotenoid pigments — both primary (lutein, beta-carotene) and secondary (astaxanthin) carotenoids — in the different species and life-cycle stages of snow algae from the order Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyta). We compared the performance of Raman spectrometry to a reference method of biological pigment analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three main carotenoid Raman bands of the astaxanthin-rich red cysts were located at 1520, 1156 and 1006 cm−1. The shifts (orange aplanozygotes and green motile cells with flagella) in the position of the ν1(CC) Raman band of the polyenic chain is consistent with the expected changes in the ratios of the various carotenoid pigments. Flagellated green cells commonly contain lutein as a major carotenoid, together with minor amounts of β‑carotene and varying amounts of antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin. Aplanozygotes contain mixtures of both primary and secondary carotenoids. In most cases, the ν1(CC) band is an overlapping set of bands, which is due to the signal of all carotenoid pigments in the sample, and a deconvolution along with the band position shifts (mainly ν1) could be used to characterize the mixture of carotenoids. However, the ability of Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between structurally slightly differing carotenoid pigments or several carotenoids in an admixture in an unknown biological system remains limited.

ACS Style

Kateřina Osterrothová; Adam Culka; Kateřina Němečková; David Kaftan; Linda Nedbalová; Lenka Prochazkova; Jan Jehlicka. Analyzing carotenoids of snow algae by Raman microspectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2019, 212, 262 -271.

AMA Style

Kateřina Osterrothová, Adam Culka, Kateřina Němečková, David Kaftan, Linda Nedbalová, Lenka Prochazkova, Jan Jehlicka. Analyzing carotenoids of snow algae by Raman microspectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2019; 212 ():262-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kateřina Osterrothová; Adam Culka; Kateřina Němečková; David Kaftan; Linda Nedbalová; Lenka Prochazkova; Jan Jehlicka. 2019. "Analyzing carotenoids of snow algae by Raman microspectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 212, no. : 262-271.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Phycologia
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Long-lasting, slowly melting snowfields in mountainous regions are frequently populated by specialised microalgae whose diversity is still vastly underestimated. Cysts causing sub-surficial green snow were collected in the Austrian Alps, Tyrol, and morphologically accorded to the snow alga Scotiella cryophila sensu Chodat, initially described from Switzerland. The cytology and photobiology of this population were investigated to understand mechanisms of adaptation to the harsh habitat. Cysts of S. cryophila K-1 had secondary cell walls with pronounced rib-like surface structures and contained several small spherical plastids. The cytoplasm was dominated by lipid bodies, which developed reddish secondary pigmentation. Partial life cycle observations showed that daughter cells lacked structured cell walls. Cysts performed active photosynthesis at temperature conditions close to the freezing point and were photoinhibited at irradiances greater than 70 μmol m−2 s−1. This corresponded exactly to habitat conditions 20 to 40 cm below the snow surface. Phylogenetic analyses using 18S rDNA, rbcL and ITS2 rDNA sequences indicated that S. cryophila K-1 is related to Chloromonas, known to contain several snow algae. The taxon forms an independent lineage and is clearly genetically distinct from the type strain of Chloromonas rosae var. psychrophila from North America that is supposed to have morphologically identical cysts. For a taxonomic treatment including a species assignment of S. cryophila K-1 from Europe within Chloromonas, flagellates will have to be cultivated from cysts or from acquired field material for a detailed morphological description. Acquisition and genetic analysis of cysts that resemble S. cryophila from America could elucidate their relationship to European samples.

ACS Style

Daniel Remias; Lenka Prochazkova; Andreas Holzinger; Linda Nedbalová. Ecology, cytology and phylogeny of the snow alga Scotiella cryophila K-1 (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) from the Austrian Alps. Phycologia 2018, 57, 581 -592.

AMA Style

Daniel Remias, Lenka Prochazkova, Andreas Holzinger, Linda Nedbalová. Ecology, cytology and phylogeny of the snow alga Scotiella cryophila K-1 (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) from the Austrian Alps. Phycologia. 2018; 57 (5):581-592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Remias; Lenka Prochazkova; Andreas Holzinger; Linda Nedbalová. 2018. "Ecology, cytology and phylogeny of the snow alga Scotiella cryophila K-1 (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) from the Austrian Alps." Phycologia 57, no. 5: 581-592.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Journal of Chromatography A
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Enantiomers of triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing any combination of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and/or very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) with diolein, dilinolein and didocosahexaenoin were synthesized. Gradient non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/high resolution atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (NARP-HPLC/HRMS2-APCI) and chiral liquid chromatography were used for the separation and identification of molecular species of these TAGs. Further, NARP-LC and chiral LC were used to separate natural mixtures of TAGs obtained from four natural sources, i.e. ximenia oil (Ximenia americana), green alga (Botryococcus braunii), breweŕs yeast (Saccharomyces pastorianus) and a dinoflagellate (Amphidinium carterae). The ratio of regioisomers and enantiomers in individual samples was determined and a hypothesis has been confirmed on the biosynthetic pathway of natural TAGs, which is based on the preferential representation of VLCFAs and VLCPUFAs in the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone.

ACS Style

Tomáš Řezanka; Irena Kolouchova; Linda Nedbalová; Karel Sigler. Enantiomeric separation of triacylglycerols containing very long chain fatty acids. Journal of Chromatography A 2018, 1557, 9 -19.

AMA Style

Tomáš Řezanka, Irena Kolouchova, Linda Nedbalová, Karel Sigler. Enantiomeric separation of triacylglycerols containing very long chain fatty acids. Journal of Chromatography A. 2018; 1557 ():9-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomáš Řezanka; Irena Kolouchova; Linda Nedbalová; Karel Sigler. 2018. "Enantiomeric separation of triacylglycerols containing very long chain fatty acids." Journal of Chromatography A 1557, no. : 9-19.

Original paper
Published: 19 June 2018 in Polar Biology
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Aerial dispersal in the colonization of bare ground by lichens in the polar regions remains poorly understood. Potential colonists may arrive continually, although extreme abiotic conditions limit their viability. We investigated the vegetative dispersal of Antarctic macrolichens along a successional gradient (from 8.6–7.0 ka BP up to present) after glacial retreat on James Ross Island, in the Antarctic Peninsula region. We collected lichen fragments by means of sticky traps glued on the ground and exposed for 1 year. Foliose or fruticose growth types were the most frequently recorded species (namely Usnea spp. and Leptogium puberulum) together with widely distributed fungi mycelia, while crustose lichens were not found. Although these two lichen species are also locally the most common, their frequency of occurrence in the traps was largely unrelated to local dominance, indicating long-distance dispersal. On the other hand, the dispersed community assembly was related to overall lichen cover and ground physical structure (clast size). There was a gradient of species occurrence frequency increasing with maximal clast size and distance from the glacier front. These results imply that there is no dispersal limitation (at least for certain lichen species) in the colonization of newly deglaciated substrates at the regional scale on James Ross Island. However, lichen establishment is rather rare, and growth of a lichen community is therefore a long-term process.

ACS Style

Olga Bohuslavová; Petr Macek; Oleksij Redčenko; Kamil Láska; Linda Nedbalová; Josef Elster. Dispersal of lichens along a successional gradient after deglaciation of volcanic mesas on northern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 2018, 41, 2221 -2232.

AMA Style

Olga Bohuslavová, Petr Macek, Oleksij Redčenko, Kamil Láska, Linda Nedbalová, Josef Elster. Dispersal of lichens along a successional gradient after deglaciation of volcanic mesas on northern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology. 2018; 41 (11):2221-2232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Olga Bohuslavová; Petr Macek; Oleksij Redčenko; Kamil Láska; Linda Nedbalová; Josef Elster. 2018. "Dispersal of lichens along a successional gradient after deglaciation of volcanic mesas on northern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula." Polar Biology 41, no. 11: 2221-2232.