The purpose of the article is to determine how the quality of interpersonal relationships at work (QIRW) affects the extent of counterproductive work behavior (CWB), and whether this impact is moderated by employees’ demographic features (education, age, sex, length of service and type of work). These questions are particularly important for organizations that want to function sustainably, because counterproductive behavior also includes wasting resources, polluting the environment and using environmentally unfriendly products. The research objectives were met using a survey conducted in 2018 among 1488 professionally active people in Poland. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the empirical data. The proposed theoretical model was intended to determine how particular categories of relationship quality affect dimensions of CWB (which included taking into account employees’ aforementioned demographic features). I determined that relationship quality has an inverse relationship with counterproductive behavior of employees (the higher the quality, the lower the propensity for CWB), but there are also many paradoxes that I discuss in detail. Moreover, this impact is significantly moderated by employees’ demographic features (mainly education, type of work, length of service and sex). I also discuss the theoretical contributions, practical implications and limitations of this study, and directions for future research.

The purpose of the article is to determine how personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience) affect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBE), especially in the context of energy saving. The purpose is also to verify the hypothesis that this impact is significantly moderated by individuals’ demographic characteristic (sex, age, length of service, work type and economic sector of employment). To achieve the purposes, a survey was conducted in 2020 on 454 working people from Poland. The analysis was based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The research model assumed that particular types of personality affect direct and indirect OCBEs, including energy-saving patterns. The model also included the aforementioned demographic characteristics of respondents. I proved that personality traits have a significant impact on direct and indirect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment. In the case of direct OCBEs, the energy-saving items that were most significantly affected by employee personality were: I am a person who turns off my lights when leaving my office for any reason; I am a person who turns off the lights in a vacant room; I am a person who makes sure all of the lights are turned off if I am the last to leave. The strongest predicators were Neuroticism (negative relationship) and Agreeableness (positive relationship) for direct OCBE, but Extraversion (positive relationship) and Agreeableness (negative relationship) for indirect OCBE. The impact of an individual’s personality on OCBE was significantly moderated mainly for indirect behaviors. This applied to all the analyzed demographic variables, but it was stronger for women, employees aged up to 40 years, those with 10 years or more experience, office/clerical workers, and public sector employees. The article discusses the theoretical framework, research limitations, future research directions and practical implications.

The purpose of the article is to determine how demographic characteristic (sex, age, length of service, type of work) moderate the impact of job satisfaction (JS) and work engagement (WE) on counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). The research objectives were met with application of a survey conducted in Poland. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the primary data. The proposed theoretical models were intended to determine how JS and particular categories of WE (vigor, absorption, dedication) affect organizational and personal CWB and subjective categories of such behaviors (abuse against others, theft, sabotage, withdrawal). We determined that JS was related to abuse against others, and WE tend to reduce such behaviors. There was also a negative impact of WE on CWB aimed at individuals (CWB-I) and a positive influence of WE on CWB aimed at organization (CWB-O). In turn, JS increased CWB-I, but reduced CWB-O. The article provides meaningful managerial implications for human resource management in Central European environment.

Purpose: There is a research gap regarding frameworks identifying the specific activities and resources used by companies to build and enhance social ties between them and business actors. The purpose of this paper is to identify those activities and resources and propose a model of them for referring to successive stages of business relationship-building. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative research was conducted in the form of 16 semi-structured in-depth individual interviews in four companies operating in Poland, representing the construction, chemical, alcoholic beverages and automotive industries. Findings: Resources and activities used by companies to build and strengthen interpersonal bonds within business relationships may be categorised according to the dimension of relationship-focused (RF) vs deal-focused (DF) approach. In the companies analysed, the RF approach appeared dominant, while some symptoms of changes towards a DF approach were observed. Research limitations/implications: The proposed model of resources and activities used in companies at successive stages of business relationship-building extends the understanding of how high-quality relationships are built. The study is exploratory in nature and aims to inspire further in-depth analyses, including cross-cultural comparisons. Practical implications: The paper helps managers in their day-to-day management of B2B relationships. It provides particular guidelines for business people seeking a potential business partner in Poland and other countries with a communist past. Originality/value: The paper’s originality results from combining the behavioural approach to B2B relationships with the concept of the RF vs DF approach. The latter concept is based on the experience and observations of its author and, as such, has so far received limited attention in the literature.

Zachowania obywatelskie (OCB) to dobrowolne zachowania członków organizacji wykraczające poza obowiązki przypisane do danego stanowiska pracy, których celem jest wsparcie współpracowników i/lub samej organizacji oraz jej działań. Od lat 80. XX wieku wielu badaczy starało się wyjaśnić ich naturę, a także zidentyfikować ich wymiary i uwarunkowania, jednak mniej uwagi poświęcano różnicom w OCB spowodowanym przez typ organizacji. W artykule weryfikujemy hipotezę, że pracownicy sektora prywatnego częściej angażują się w OCB niż pracownicy sektora publicznego. Hipotezę zweryfikowano na podstawie badania ilościowego przeprowadzonego wśród 280 pracowników sektora prywatnego i 244 pracowników jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Analiza danych prowadzi do sprzecznych wniosków. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, pracownicy sektora publicznego częściej angażują się w OCB niż pracownicy sektora prywatnego, jednak ich zachowania są zorientowane na ludzi. Zachowania obywatelskie wspierające organizację są częstsze wśród pracowników sektora prywatnego.