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Dr. Christian Kroll
Sustainable Development Goals Index and Dashboards

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Successful implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires world countries to account for actions that inadvertently generate negative impacts on other countries. These actions/effects are called ‘spillovers’, and can hinder a country's SDG progress. In this work, we analyse negative social spillover effects, focussing specifically on the occupational health and safety aspects of workers in textile supply chains. We select two indicators: fatal accidents and non-fatal accidents that take place in global supply chains for satisfying consumption of textile products (such as clothing, leather products) by European Union (EU) countries. Specifically, we scan global supply chains originating in countries outside of EU for meeting the demands of its citizens. To this end, we employ a well-established technique of multi-regional input-output analysis, featuring information on 15,000 sectors for 189 countries, to scan international supply chain routes that are linked to consumption of textile products by EU countries. Our findings suggest that Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Poland, Belgium and Portugal are collectively responsible for about 80% of both fatal- and non-fatal accidents that are attributed to the EU's consumption-based footprint. These findings not only call for a need for coherent SDG policies that consider spillover effects, but also the need for these effects to be included in EU's strategic instruments and policy-related tools.

ACS Style

Arunima Malik; Guillaume Lafortune; Sarah Carter; Mengyu Li; Manfred Lenzen; Christian Kroll. International spillover effects in the EU's textile supply chains: A global SDG assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 295, 113037 .

AMA Style

Arunima Malik, Guillaume Lafortune, Sarah Carter, Mengyu Li, Manfred Lenzen, Christian Kroll. International spillover effects in the EU's textile supply chains: A global SDG assessment. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 295 ():113037.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arunima Malik; Guillaume Lafortune; Sarah Carter; Mengyu Li; Manfred Lenzen; Christian Kroll. 2021. "International spillover effects in the EU's textile supply chains: A global SDG assessment." Journal of Environmental Management 295, no. : 113037.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2020 in Sustainability
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Evidence-based policymaking must be rooted in sound data to inform policy priorities, budget allocations, and tracking of progress. This is especially true in the case of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as they provide the policy framework that all 193 UN member states have pledged to achieve by 2030. Good data and clear metrics are critical for each country to take stock of where it stands, devise pathways for achieving the goals, and track progress. Current assessments of the EU’s performance on the SDGs, however, tend to reach different findings and policy conclusions on where the priorities for further action lie, which can be confusing for researchers and policymakers. In order to demystify the drivers of such differences and make them transparent, this paper compares and contrasts the results obtained by four SDG monitoring approaches. We identify three main elements that are responsible for most of the differences: (i) the use of pre-defined targets for calculating baseline assessments and countries’ trajectories; (ii) the inclusion of measures that track not only domestic performance, but also the EU’s transboundary impacts on the rest of the world; and (iii) the use of non-official statistics to bridge data gaps, especially for biodiversity goals. This paper concludes that there is not one “correct” way of providing an assessment of whether the EU and EU member states are on track to achieve the goals, but we illustrate how the different results are the outcomes of certain methodological choices. More “forward-looking” policy trackers are needed to assess implementation efforts on key SDG transformations.

ACS Style

Guillaume Lafortune; Grayson Fuller; Guido Schmidt-Traub; Christian Kroll. How Is Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Measured? Comparing Four Approaches for the EU. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7675 .

AMA Style

Guillaume Lafortune, Grayson Fuller, Guido Schmidt-Traub, Christian Kroll. How Is Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Measured? Comparing Four Approaches for the EU. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guillaume Lafortune; Grayson Fuller; Guido Schmidt-Traub; Christian Kroll. 2020. "How Is Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Measured? Comparing Four Approaches for the EU." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7675.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2020 in Sustainability
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While the economic voting hypothesis is a well-researched approach to explain behavior at the ballot box, a broader perspective of economic, social and environmental issues regarding a government’s chances to get re-elected is still missing in the literature. In this context, this paper makes use for the first time of the Agenda 2030 with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the comprehensive policy framework that all 193 UN member states have pledged to achieve. The objective of our study is therefore to examine the relationship between SDGs’ progress and the likelihood of re-election. Our analysis of 124 countries regarding performance on the SDGs over time and voting behavior shows: the chance to get re-elected as a government significantly increases for progress made towards SDG 5 (Gender Equality). Notable differences are also found for high-income vs. low-income countries. The fact that governments are rewarded at the ballot box for successful action towards gender equality is encouraging, while the mechanisms behind other SDG areas deserve more research.

ACS Style

Christian Kroll; Vera Zipperer. The Political Economy of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Does Performance on the SDGs Affect Re-Election? Sustainability 2020, 12, 6445 .

AMA Style

Christian Kroll, Vera Zipperer. The Political Economy of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Does Performance on the SDGs Affect Re-Election? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Kroll; Vera Zipperer. 2020. "The Political Economy of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Does Performance on the SDGs Affect Re-Election?" Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6445.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Ecological Economics
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All 193 UN member states have pledged to achieve 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), following the guiding principle to leave no one behind. At the same time, rising populist movements increasingly influence the political debate in many countries by challenging multilateral cooperation and liberal democracy. This paper contains the first empirical study of the relationship between the SDGs and populism. In order to analyse the nexus between these growingly important concepts, we introduce a new “Sustainability-Populism Framework”. It allows us to asses how the performance on the 17 SDGs over time relates to electoral support for populist parties, resulting in a classification of 39 countries into four categories. Moreover, in a regression analysis, we find that for each 1-point increase on the aggregate SDG Index (out of 100) over time, the vote share of populist parties on average drops by about 2 percentage points. Our results lend some support to the notion that a strong commitment to the SDGs (overall, as well as in particular to SDGs 1, 2, 11 and 15) could be part of an appropriate and effective answer to populism. We hope to initiate a timely debate on populism and sustainable development with our study, along with more research into this complex relationship.

ACS Style

Christian Kroll; Vera Zipperer. Sustainable Development and Populism. Ecological Economics 2020, 176, 106723 .

AMA Style

Christian Kroll, Vera Zipperer. Sustainable Development and Populism. Ecological Economics. 2020; 176 ():106723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Kroll; Vera Zipperer. 2020. "Sustainable Development and Populism." Ecological Economics 176, no. : 106723.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2019 in Palgrave Communications
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The Agenda 2030 with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provides the framework that all United Nations (UN) member states have pledged to fulfill. The achievement of this agenda crucially depends on whether humankind will be able to maximize synergies and resolve existing trade-offs between the SDGs. We provide the first analysis of future interactions for projected SDG trends until 2030 within and between goals, and we analyze how trade-offs and synergies have evolved in the recent past globally. For certain goals, we find positive developments with notable synergies in our projections, especially for SDGs 1, 3, 7, 8, and 9: Poverty alleviation and strengthening the economy, rooted in innovation, and modern infrastructure, therefore continue to be the basis upon which many of the other SDGs can be achieved. However, especially SDGs 11, 13, 14, 16, and 17 will continue to have notable trade-offs, as well as non-associations with the other goals in the future, which emphasizes the need to foster innovations and policies that can make our cities and communities more sustainable, as well as strengthen institutions and spur climate action. We show examples of a successful transformation of trade-offs into synergies that should be emulated in other areas to create a virtuous cycle of SDG progress. The alarming inability to overcome certain persistent trade-offs we have found, and indeed the deterioration for some SDGs, can seriously threaten the achievement of the Agenda 2030.

ACS Style

Christian Kroll; Anne Warchold; Prajal Pradhan. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies? Palgrave Communications 2019, 5, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Christian Kroll, Anne Warchold, Prajal Pradhan. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies? Palgrave Communications. 2019; 5 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Kroll; Anne Warchold; Prajal Pradhan. 2019. "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies?" Palgrave Communications 5, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2017 in Nature Geoscience
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ACS Style

Guido Schmidt-Traub; Christian Kroll; Katerina Teksoz; David Durand-Delacre; Jeffrey D. Sachs. National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG Index and Dashboards. Nature Geoscience 2017, 10, 547 -555.

AMA Style

Guido Schmidt-Traub, Christian Kroll, Katerina Teksoz, David Durand-Delacre, Jeffrey D. Sachs. National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG Index and Dashboards. Nature Geoscience. 2017; 10 (8):547-555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guido Schmidt-Traub; Christian Kroll; Katerina Teksoz; David Durand-Delacre; Jeffrey D. Sachs. 2017. "National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG Index and Dashboards." Nature Geoscience 10, no. 8: 547-555.