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Sheltered employment centres are social enterprises where at least 70% of their workers have disabilities. They are a way of helping people with disabilities to work in good working conditions and of allowing disadvantaged people to live a full life. However, some people criticise these businesses for being ghettos where public subsidies are used inefficiently. Our paper aims to test if this criticism is valid by analysing whether these companies provide social and economic value to society in return for public funding and are also economically sustainable over time. Using a sample of 997 Spanish sheltered employment centres, a descriptive analysis of the main variables has been carried out. Additionally, the results of a PART algorithm show the relationship between these companies and economic sustainability. Our findings corroborate that these firms are economically sustainable and, at the same time, socially sustainable. These results highlight the great work that such companies perform for society and the country’s economy.
María Segovia-Vargas; María Camacho-Miñano; Fernanda Pedrosa Alberto; Vera Gelashvili. Sheltered Employment Centres: Sustainability and Social Value. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7900 .
AMA StyleMaría Segovia-Vargas, María Camacho-Miñano, Fernanda Pedrosa Alberto, Vera Gelashvili. Sheltered Employment Centres: Sustainability and Social Value. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7900.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Segovia-Vargas; María Camacho-Miñano; Fernanda Pedrosa Alberto; Vera Gelashvili. 2021. "Sheltered Employment Centres: Sustainability and Social Value." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7900.
Purpose: In recent years Bitcoin has revolutionized the financial world. Its birth was made possible thanks to an innovative combination of certain pre-existing technology in computer networks and cryptography, which led to the existence of a transparent, reliable and immutable record of transactions, a large shared ledger: Blockchain. Several studies analyse the application or future application of Blockchain in different industries. The application of Blockchain in accounting is one of the most debated, since it is a shared accounting record and it is anticipated that its application could change the mission of accountants or even auditors. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to analyze the existing literature on the importance of Blockchain and its possible impact on accounting.Design/methodology/approach: The review of the literature on blockchain and its importance was carried out. Also we have analyzed the triple entry and the so-called accounting ledger, trying to clarify some existing terminological confusion, and we have faced what could be the future of this technology.Findings: The review of the literature implies that Blockchain, after technical improvement and development, will involve an important transformation of the traditional accounting system, with the consequent modification of the work of accountants and auditors.Originality/value: One of the main contributions of this study is its importance for academic literature, being one of the first to analyze the impact of Blockchain in traditional accounting.
Eladio Pascual Pedreño; Vera Gelashvili; Laura Pascual Nebreda. Blockchain and its application to accounting. Intangible Capital 2021, 17, 1 -16.
AMA StyleEladio Pascual Pedreño, Vera Gelashvili, Laura Pascual Nebreda. Blockchain and its application to accounting. Intangible Capital. 2021; 17 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEladio Pascual Pedreño; Vera Gelashvili; Laura Pascual Nebreda. 2021. "Blockchain and its application to accounting." Intangible Capital 17, no. 1: 1-16.
Nowadays, employment is a challenge for people but more for disabled ones. Prior literature shows that, at a European level, there are different ways for people with disabilities to find a job, such as a quota system, sheltered workshops, supported employment, etc. In Spain, sheltered employment centres are prototypes of sheltered workshops aimed at integrating more people with disabilities into the workplace. This research project aims to give visibility to these firms and to gain an understanding of their economic and financial situation. Using the whole sample of sheltered employment centres in Spain, and their financial data from 2004 to 2016, we show which variables explain their viability. Additionally, in light of the imminent worldwide crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, we want to test the impact of the last economic crisis on the profitability of sheltered employment centres. The main contribution of this study is that the size of these companies, age, financial risk and sales growth, are determining factors for their profitability. And, the economic and financial crisis has conditioned the viability of sheltered employment centres as many firms on the market registered a decrease in their profitability in the years following the crisis but survived. This study helps to shed light on the economic and financial situation of this kind of firms as well as their social visibility.
Vera Gelashvili; María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas; María-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano. What factors condition the financial viability of sheltered employment centres? Empirical evidence. Review of Managerial Science 2021, 1 -24.
AMA StyleVera Gelashvili, María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas, María-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano. What factors condition the financial viability of sheltered employment centres? Empirical evidence. Review of Managerial Science. 2021; ():1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Gelashvili; María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas; María-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano. 2021. "What factors condition the financial viability of sheltered employment centres? Empirical evidence." Review of Managerial Science , no. : 1-24.
Digitalisation has caused important changes that have affected people's lives on a social, economic, or personal level. These changes have affected both business and society in general. Therefore, companies had to adopt different strategies to reach with their users, since traditional methods were no longer effective in some cases. It is the case of marketing, where companies had to change or blend traditional marketing with digital marketing (i.e., to promote their products and services through the internet). The aim of this work is to analyse the existing literature on similarities and differences between traditional and digital marketing. The methodologies used to achieve these objectives were a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis by Scopus. The results obtained have shown that both traditional and digital marketing are important for companies, so firms must find out which of them is more compatible with the company's objectives. This chapter provides practical lessons for entrepreneurs or marketing makers when choosing a type of marketing for their businesses.
Vera Gelashvili. Digital Marketing vs. Traditional Marketing. Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services 2021, 34 -50.
AMA StyleVera Gelashvili. Digital Marketing vs. Traditional Marketing. Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. 2021; ():34-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Gelashvili. 2021. "Digital Marketing vs. Traditional Marketing." Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services , no. : 34-50.
The main aim of the present study was to analyze whether publications related to environmental sustainability in social media directly and positively influence user satisfaction with and trust in tourism businesses. Our second goal was to determine whether the influence of environmental sustainability and satisfaction is moderated by users’ gender. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire responses were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology. The results have shown that there is a positive relationship between environmental sustainability, satisfaction, and trust generated by tourism companies through their publications on social media, and that this relationship is not conditioned by users’ gender. The results of the present study contribute to the literature by bridging the gap in research on tourism enterprises and their strategies regarding social media publications. Our findings also provide important implications related to the content of environmental sustainability strategies and social media communication for tourism companies.
Juan Gabriel Martínez-Navalón; Vera Gelashvili; José Ramón Saura. The Impact of Environmental Social Media Publications on User Satisfaction with and Trust in Tourism Businesses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5417 .
AMA StyleJuan Gabriel Martínez-Navalón, Vera Gelashvili, José Ramón Saura. The Impact of Environmental Social Media Publications on User Satisfaction with and Trust in Tourism Businesses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Gabriel Martínez-Navalón; Vera Gelashvili; José Ramón Saura. 2020. "The Impact of Environmental Social Media Publications on User Satisfaction with and Trust in Tourism Businesses." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5417.
El principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la situación económico- financiera de las empresas sociales a través del análisis de ratios, mostrando sus fortalezas y debilidades basándonos en la información contable. La muestra está formada por 118 empresas sociales situadas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid en España. Para analizar los datos se han utilizado ratios económico-financieros y el indicador de estrés financiero, el Z' -score de Altman. Nuestros resultados destacan que las empresas sociales son negocios con una elevada rentabilidad, especialmente para sus socios. De este modo, está garantizada su supervivencia en el largo plazo y con un nivel de liquidez óptimo. Este estudio es una importante contribución para la literatura académica porque establece una comparación entre dos tipos de negocios sociales centrándonos en su estructura financiera y económica, completando la escasez de estudios empíricos sobre estas empresas. The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the economic and financial situation of social enterprises through ratio analysis and show their strengths and weaknesses based on financial data. The sample consists of 118 social companies operating in the Autonomous Community of Madrid in Spain. For data analysis, economic and financial analysis has been carried out, using ratio analysis and the indicator of financial distress: the Altman Z'-score. Our findings highlight that social companies, are businesses with a high level of profitability, especially for their partners. Thus, their survival, on average, is guaranteed in the long-term and their liquidity level is optimum. This study is an important contribution for the academic literature, because it carries out a comparison amongst the two different types of social firms, focusing on their economic and financial structure, diminishing the lack of empirical studies about these companies.
Vera Gelashvili; María Del Mar Camacho-Miñano; María Jesús Segovia-Vargas. A study of the economic and financial analysis for social firms: are they really businesses? Revista de Contabilidad 2020, 23, 139 -147.
AMA StyleVera Gelashvili, María Del Mar Camacho-Miñano, María Jesús Segovia-Vargas. A study of the economic and financial analysis for social firms: are they really businesses? Revista de Contabilidad. 2020; 23 (2):139-147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Gelashvili; María Del Mar Camacho-Miñano; María Jesús Segovia-Vargas. 2020. "A study of the economic and financial analysis for social firms: are they really businesses?" Revista de Contabilidad 23, no. 2: 139-147.
Social media is currently a powerful way for companies to keep in touch with their customers and promote new products. The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of social media marketing on environmental sustainability in food and beverage service companies in Spain, taking customer satisfaction into account. The variables, such as customer trust, perceived value, and continuance intention, were also studied to determine whether they influence environmental sustainability. In order to achieve the stated objective, a questionnaire was created and the obtained data was analyzed using a PLS-SEM (partial least squares structural equation modeling) methodology. The main conclusion of this study is an important contribution to the academic literature and is also helpful for restaurant managers for planning communication strategies through social media, since environmental sustainability is one of the main concerns of the public.
Juan Gabriel Martínez-Navalón; Vera Gelashvili; Felipe Debasa. The Impact of Restaurant Social Media on Environmental Sustainability: An Empirical Study. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6105 .
AMA StyleJuan Gabriel Martínez-Navalón, Vera Gelashvili, Felipe Debasa. The Impact of Restaurant Social Media on Environmental Sustainability: An Empirical Study. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):6105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Gabriel Martínez-Navalón; Vera Gelashvili; Felipe Debasa. 2019. "The Impact of Restaurant Social Media on Environmental Sustainability: An Empirical Study." Sustainability 11, no. 21: 6105.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether sheltered employment centers (CEEs) which have a higher rate of professionalization of their managers have better economic returns than those that have a lower one. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire has been drawn up for their managers. After collecting the answers, an index of professionalization classifies the CEEs with managers of high, medium and low levels of professionalism. This index is then correlated with the main financial ratios of companies. Findings The results show that companies with the highest level of managers’ professionalization, on average, have higher economic returns than companies with medium and low rates, although the difference is not very high. This study is an important contribution to academic literature, as it is the first to examine the professionalization of CEE managers. Research limitations/implications Finally, this paper is not short of limitations. The number of responses is small but there are similar studies with similar response rates. Additionally, the scarcity of responses may suggest that there is a lack of interest about the utility of professionalization by some CEEs managers because, perhaps, they do not have the necessary competences to understand its importance in management. Practical implications This study has some main implications for stakeholders: first, CEEs must pay more attention to the professionalization of their management team, because professionalization can lead to meeting its goals and guaranteeing the firm’s growth. Second, training programs in skills and attitudes should be designed to strengthen these competencies. Moreover, managers of social firms should know that the establishment of strategic plans will be useful to identify new opportunities in the market. Social implications Given the important role of these social firms for the employment of people with disabilities, training programs should be promoted by government in order to ensure the professionalization of these companies. Originality/value This research is an important contribution to the literature on this subject because there are no studies about the level of professionalization of CEEs, companies that represent an important value for the economy of a country.
Vera Gelashvili; Eva María Aguilar Pastor; María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas; Maria-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano. The economic and financial viability of sheltered employment centres. Management Decision 2019, 57, 2261 -2283.
AMA StyleVera Gelashvili, Eva María Aguilar Pastor, María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas, Maria-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano. The economic and financial viability of sheltered employment centres. Management Decision. 2019; 57 (9):2261-2283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Gelashvili; Eva María Aguilar Pastor; María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas; Maria-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano. 2019. "The economic and financial viability of sheltered employment centres." Management Decision 57, no. 9: 2261-2283.
Public transport financing in Spain has generated interest due to the absence of a governing regulatory framework. There is a need for rules that help allocate public subsidies to guarantee the system’s financial sustainability. Without explicit regulation, the current system for assigning and distributing public funding among Spanish cities has become unbalanced. Our goal is to identify the principal factors that explain why urban transport services in different cities require varying levels of public financing. Our results show that variables such as the “passengers,” “number of vehicles,” “number of employees,” “autonomous community deficit”, and “population density” are influencing factors for the needs of public subsidies.
María Luisa Delgado Jalon; Miguel Angel Sanchez De Lara; Vera Gelashvili. Explanatory Factors for Public Transportation Financing Needs in Spain. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019, 2019, 1 -12.
AMA StyleMaría Luisa Delgado Jalon, Miguel Angel Sanchez De Lara, Vera Gelashvili. Explanatory Factors for Public Transportation Financing Needs in Spain. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 2019; 2019 ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Luisa Delgado Jalon; Miguel Angel Sanchez De Lara; Vera Gelashvili. 2019. "Explanatory Factors for Public Transportation Financing Needs in Spain." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019, no. : 1-12.
Sheltered Employment Centers (CEE) are part of the social economy companies, based on the primacy of people over capital, social benefits and solidarity. Its aim is to carry out productive work and they are a means of integration of the greatest possible number of disabled people. There is a growing interest in this type of business, because its number has increased considerably. The objective of this chapter is to give academic visibility to CEE due to its great contribution to the social corporate responsibility, and to encourage the so-called social entrepreneurship. The reasons for creating social firms are analyzed and the characteristics that can contribute to the success of this type of companies are studied. Using the case study methodology, a CEE is analyzed in depth showing the main features of social economy business by means of a specific case and the key variables that has conducted to its success.
Vera Gelashvili; Eva Aguilar; María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas; María-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano; María Teresa Blanco Hernández. Social Entrepreneurship in Sheltered Employment Centers. Entrepreneurship 2017, 1953 -1974.
AMA StyleVera Gelashvili, Eva Aguilar, María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas, María-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano, María Teresa Blanco Hernández. Social Entrepreneurship in Sheltered Employment Centers. Entrepreneurship. 2017; ():1953-1974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Gelashvili; Eva Aguilar; María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas; María-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano; María Teresa Blanco Hernández. 2017. "Social Entrepreneurship in Sheltered Employment Centers." Entrepreneurship , no. : 1953-1974.
Resumen Los centros especiales de empleo (CEE) son empresas de vital importancia para las personas con discapacidad, al facilitar su incorporación social y laboral en la sociedad. Este estudio pretende contribuir a la visibilidad académica de estas empresas, que fomentan el emprendimiento social y son socialmente responsables. El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis económico-financiero de la estructura de los CEE de España. Para ello, se estudian sus principales indicadores financieros a través de ratios contables. Las conclusiones obtenidas señalan que apenas existen estudios económicos sobre estas empresas y que la mayoría de los CEE son pequeños, dedicados a la prestación de servicios, con forma jurídica de sociedad limitada y focalizados en Andalucía, Castilla y León, Cataluña y Madrid. En cuanto a los resultados de los ratios, de media los CEE presentan una baja rentabilidad y un alto nivel de endeudamiento a corto plazo, aunque su solvencia está garantizada.
Vera Gelashvili; María Del Mar Camacho-Miñano; María Jesús Segovia-Vargas. Análisis económico-financiero de los centros especiales de empleo de España. Revista Española de Discapacidad 2016, 4, 7 -24.
AMA StyleVera Gelashvili, María Del Mar Camacho-Miñano, María Jesús Segovia-Vargas. Análisis económico-financiero de los centros especiales de empleo de España. Revista Española de Discapacidad. 2016; 4 (2):7-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Gelashvili; María Del Mar Camacho-Miñano; María Jesús Segovia-Vargas. 2016. "Análisis económico-financiero de los centros especiales de empleo de España." Revista Española de Discapacidad 4, no. 2: 7-24.
Sheltered Employment Centers (CEE) are part of the social economy companies, based on the primacy of people over capital, social benefits and solidarity. Its aim is to carry out productive work and they are a means of integration of the greatest possible number of disabled people. There is a growing interest in this type of business, because its number has increased considerably. The objective of this chapter is to give academic visibility to CEE due to its great contribution to the social corporate responsibility, and to encourage the so-called social entrepreneurship. The reasons for creating social firms are analyzed and the characteristics that can contribute to the success of this type of companies are studied. Using the case study methodology, a CEE is analyzed in depth showing the main features of social economy business by means of a specific case and the key variables that has conducted to its success.
Vera Gelashvili; Eva Aguilar; María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas; Maria-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano; María Teresa Blanco Hernández. Social Entrepreneurship in Sheltered Employment Centers. Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector 2016, 431 -452.
AMA StyleVera Gelashvili, Eva Aguilar, María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas, Maria-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano, María Teresa Blanco Hernández. Social Entrepreneurship in Sheltered Employment Centers. Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector. 2016; ():431-452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Gelashvili; Eva Aguilar; María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas; Maria-Del-Mar Camacho-Miñano; María Teresa Blanco Hernández. 2016. "Social Entrepreneurship in Sheltered Employment Centers." Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector , no. : 431-452.