This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Silicon (Si) is considered a non-essential element similar to cadmium, arsenic, lead, etc., for plants, yet Si is beneficial to plant growth, so it is also referred to as a quasi-essential element (similar to aluminum, cobalt, sodium and selenium). An element is considered quasi-essential if it is not required by plants but its absence results in significant negative consequences or anomalies in plant growth, reproduction and development. Si is reported to reduce the negative impacts of different stresses in plants. The significant accumulation of Si on the plant tissue surface is primarily responsible for these positive influences in plants, such as increasing antioxidant activity while reducing soil pollutant absorption. Because of these advantageous properties, the application of Si-based nanoparticles (Si-NPs) in agricultural and food production has received a great deal of interest. Furthermore, conventional Si fertilizers are reported to have low bioavailability; therefore, the development and implementation of nano-Si fertilizers with high bioavailability could be crucial for viable agricultural production. Thus, in this context, the objectives of this review are to summarize the effects of both Si and Si-NPs on soil microbes, soil properties, plant growth and various plant pathogens and diseases. Si-NPs and Si are reported to change the microbial colonies and biomass, could influence rhizospheric microbes and biomass content and are able to improve soil fertility.
Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Morteza Feizi; Arpna Kumari; Masudulla Khan; Saglara Mandzhieva; Svetlana Sushkova; Hassan El-Ramady; Krishan K. Verma; Abhishek Singh; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Ravish Choudhary. Effects of Silicon and Silicon-Based Nanoparticles on Rhizosphere Microbiome, Plant Stress and Growth. Biology 2021, 10, 791 .
AMA StyleVishnu D. Rajput, Tatiana Minkina, Morteza Feizi, Arpna Kumari, Masudulla Khan, Saglara Mandzhieva, Svetlana Sushkova, Hassan El-Ramady, Krishan K. Verma, Abhishek Singh, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Hanuman Singh Jatav, Ravish Choudhary. Effects of Silicon and Silicon-Based Nanoparticles on Rhizosphere Microbiome, Plant Stress and Growth. Biology. 2021; 10 (8):791.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Morteza Feizi; Arpna Kumari; Masudulla Khan; Saglara Mandzhieva; Svetlana Sushkova; Hassan El-Ramady; Krishan K. Verma; Abhishek Singh; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Ravish Choudhary. 2021. "Effects of Silicon and Silicon-Based Nanoparticles on Rhizosphere Microbiome, Plant Stress and Growth." Biology 10, no. 8: 791.
The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in overcoming various stress conditions. Mainly, these plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The present review is aimed at articulating the current understanding of each of these enzymatic components, with special attention on the role of each enzyme in response to the various environmental, especially abiotic stresses, their molecular characterisation, and reaction mechanisms. The role of the enzymatic defence system for plant health and development, their significance, and cross-talk mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the application of antioxidant enzymes in developing stress-tolerant transgenic plants are also discussed.
Vishnu Rajput; Harish; Rupesh Singh; Krishan Verma; Lav Sharma; Francisco Quiroz-Figueroa; Mukesh Meena; Vinod Gour; Tatiana Minkina; Svetlana Sushkova; Saglara Mandzhieva. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress. Biology 2021, 10, 267 .
AMA StyleVishnu Rajput, Harish, Rupesh Singh, Krishan Verma, Lav Sharma, Francisco Quiroz-Figueroa, Mukesh Meena, Vinod Gour, Tatiana Minkina, Svetlana Sushkova, Saglara Mandzhieva. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress. Biology. 2021; 10 (4):267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVishnu Rajput; Harish; Rupesh Singh; Krishan Verma; Lav Sharma; Francisco Quiroz-Figueroa; Mukesh Meena; Vinod Gour; Tatiana Minkina; Svetlana Sushkova; Saglara Mandzhieva. 2021. "Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress." Biology 10, no. 4: 267.
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) contribute to different ecosystem services. However, factors affecting their natural occurrences in soil remain poorly understood. In a previous study, 81 soil samples were subjected to insect baiting using Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor to isolate EPF from Portuguese vine farms. Here, soils yielding any of the four common EPF, i.e., Beauveria bassiana, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Metarhizium robertsii, and Clonostachys rosea f. rosea, were correlated with their chemical properties. Beauveria bassiana was negatively affected by higher available P (p = 0.02), exchangeable K-ions (p = 0.016) and positively affected by higher soil pH_H2O (p = 0.021). High exchangeable K-ions inhibited P. lilacinum (p = 0.011) and promoted C. rosea f. rosea (p = 0.03). Moreover, high available K also suppressed P. lilacinum (p = 0.027). Metarhizium robertsii was inhibited by higher organic matter content (p = 0.009), higher C:N (p = 0.017), total N (p = 0.007), and exchangeable Mg-ions (p = 0.026), and promoted by higher exchangeable Na-ions (p = 0.003). Nonetheless, mean comparisons and principal component analysis suggested that higher soil pH and exchangeable Ca-ions have contrasting effects on EPF occurrences, as they promote B. bassiana and inhibit M. robertsii. Herbicides did not seem to affect EPF presence. Overall, this study is among the first reports on the effects of soil chemistry on EPF other than Metarhizium, and will facilitate biological pest management approaches.
Lav Sharma; Irene Oliveira; Fátima Gonçalves; Fernando Raimundo; Rupesh Singh; Laura Torres; Guilhermina Marques. Effect of Soil Chemical Properties on the Occurrence and Distribution of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Portuguese Grapevine Fields. Pathogens 2021, 10, 137 .
AMA StyleLav Sharma, Irene Oliveira, Fátima Gonçalves, Fernando Raimundo, Rupesh Singh, Laura Torres, Guilhermina Marques. Effect of Soil Chemical Properties on the Occurrence and Distribution of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Portuguese Grapevine Fields. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (2):137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLav Sharma; Irene Oliveira; Fátima Gonçalves; Fernando Raimundo; Rupesh Singh; Laura Torres; Guilhermina Marques. 2021. "Effect of Soil Chemical Properties on the Occurrence and Distribution of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Portuguese Grapevine Fields." Pathogens 10, no. 2: 137.
Entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi are quite frequently found in soils and insect cadavers. The first step in utilizing these microbes as biopesticides is to isolate them, and several culture media and insect baiting procedures have been tested in this direction. In this work, the authors review the current techniques that have been developed so far, in the last five decades, and display brief protocols which can be adopted for the isolations of these entomopathogens. Among bacteria, this review focuses on Serratia spp. and bacteria from the class Bacilli. Among fungi, the review focuses those from the order Hypocreales, for example, genera Beauveria, Clonostachys, Lecanicillium, Metarhizium, and Purpureocillium. The authors chose these groups of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi based on their importance in the microbial biopesticide market.
Lav Sharma; Nitin Bohra; Vishnu D. Rajput; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Guilhermina Marques. Advances in Entomopathogen Isolation: A Case of Bacteria and Fungi. Microorganisms 2020, 9, 16 .
AMA StyleLav Sharma, Nitin Bohra, Vishnu D. Rajput, Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Guilhermina Marques. Advances in Entomopathogen Isolation: A Case of Bacteria and Fungi. Microorganisms. 2020; 9 (1):16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLav Sharma; Nitin Bohra; Vishnu D. Rajput; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Guilhermina Marques. 2020. "Advances in Entomopathogen Isolation: A Case of Bacteria and Fungi." Microorganisms 9, no. 1: 16.
Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (Fv) causes rots in maize around the world and produces mycotoxins that contaminate grains, making this species a significant health concern for both animals and humans. One of the best approaches to address rots is to identify highly tolerant or resistant genotypes that can be used for genetic improvement. The aim of the study was to evaluate dose-response assays to tolerance or resistance for Fv rots throughout the maize life cycle. These tests assessed the effects of Fv during post-germination development and the seedling (V2) stage by seed infection, the plantlet (V4) stage by substrate infection, and in the reproductive phase in maize stalks (R2 stage) and ears (R6 stage) by R1 stage inoculation. In all assays, the doses were effective at distinguishing contrasting phenotypes. Severity, root fresh weight, and aerial length were the most informative parameters at the V2 and V4 stages. Evaluation of the stalk necrosis area between and within the internodes of susceptible genotypes revealed significant differences among doses, and a positive correlation between necrosis and conidia concentration was observed in internodes. Injecting eight million conidia in the ear was sufficient for selecting different phenotypes. A total of 85% of the genotypes conserved their same capacity to respond to Fv infection throughout the maize life cycle, so that screening at the early vegetative stage (e.g., V2) could be useful for distinguishing contrasting phenotypes in the reproductive stage. Implementing these screening assays in a maize breeding program could be valuable for classifying the degrees of resilience of maize germplasms to Fv rots. This global screening has the potential to be employed to select against other Fusarium species.
Shamir Gabriel Román; Jesús Quiroz-Chávez; Miguel Villalobos; Vianey Urías-Gutiérrez; Eusebio Nava-Pérez; Eliel Ruíz-May; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Lav Sharma; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. A Global Screening Assay to Select for Maize Phenotypes with a High Tolerance or Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg Rots. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1990 .
AMA StyleShamir Gabriel Román, Jesús Quiroz-Chávez, Miguel Villalobos, Vianey Urías-Gutiérrez, Eusebio Nava-Pérez, Eliel Ruíz-May, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Lav Sharma, Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. A Global Screening Assay to Select for Maize Phenotypes with a High Tolerance or Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg Rots. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (12):1990.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShamir Gabriel Román; Jesús Quiroz-Chávez; Miguel Villalobos; Vianey Urías-Gutiérrez; Eusebio Nava-Pérez; Eliel Ruíz-May; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Lav Sharma; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. 2020. "A Global Screening Assay to Select for Maize Phenotypes with a High Tolerance or Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg Rots." Agronomy 10, no. 12: 1990.
The current investigation aimed to present an overview of the conservation of biological diversity of rare and endangered plant species. Methods of biodiversity conservation as well as several overview recommendations for the preservation of various rare species have been considered. An overview of the taxa included in the red book has been presented on the example of the Russian Federation. Global and local codes and classifiers of plant rarity were also presented. Future prospects for the conservation of biological diversity and the creation and development of bioresource collections have been considered.
Vasiliy A. Chokheli; Pavel A. Dmitriev; Vishnu D. Rajput; Semyon D. Bakulin; Anatoly S. Azarov; Tatiana V. Varduni; Victoria V. Stepanenko; Sarieh Tarigholizadeh; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Krishan K. Verma; Tatiana M. Minkina. Recent Development in Micropropagation Techniques for Rare Plant Species. Plants 2020, 9, 1733 .
AMA StyleVasiliy A. Chokheli, Pavel A. Dmitriev, Vishnu D. Rajput, Semyon D. Bakulin, Anatoly S. Azarov, Tatiana V. Varduni, Victoria V. Stepanenko, Sarieh Tarigholizadeh, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Krishan K. Verma, Tatiana M. Minkina. Recent Development in Micropropagation Techniques for Rare Plant Species. Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1733.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVasiliy A. Chokheli; Pavel A. Dmitriev; Vishnu D. Rajput; Semyon D. Bakulin; Anatoly S. Azarov; Tatiana V. Varduni; Victoria V. Stepanenko; Sarieh Tarigholizadeh; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Krishan K. Verma; Tatiana M. Minkina. 2020. "Recent Development in Micropropagation Techniques for Rare Plant Species." Plants 9, no. 12: 1733.
Mycotoxins from the Fusarium genus are widely known to cause economic losses in crops, as well as high mortalities rates among immunocompromised humans. However, to date, no correlation has been established for the ability of Fusarium to cause cross-kingdom infection between plants and humans. The present investigation aims to fill this gap in the literature by examining cross-kingdom infection caused by Furasium strains isolated from non-immunocompromised or non-immunosuppressed humans, which were subsequently reinfected in plants and on human tissue. The findings document for the first time cross-kingdom infective events in Fusarium species, thus enhancing our existing knowledge of how mycopathogens continue to thrive in different hosts.
Thuluz Meza-Menchaca; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Jesús Quiroz-Chávez; Luz María García-Pérez; Norma Rodríguez-Mora; Manuel Soto-Luna; Guadalupe Gastélum-Contreras; Virginia Vanzzini-Zago; Lav Sharma; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. First Demonstration of Clinical Fusarium Strains Causing Cross-Kingdom Infections from Humans to Plants. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 947 .
AMA StyleThuluz Meza-Menchaca, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Jesús Quiroz-Chávez, Luz María García-Pérez, Norma Rodríguez-Mora, Manuel Soto-Luna, Guadalupe Gastélum-Contreras, Virginia Vanzzini-Zago, Lav Sharma, Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. First Demonstration of Clinical Fusarium Strains Causing Cross-Kingdom Infections from Humans to Plants. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (6):947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThuluz Meza-Menchaca; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Jesús Quiroz-Chávez; Luz María García-Pérez; Norma Rodríguez-Mora; Manuel Soto-Luna; Guadalupe Gastélum-Contreras; Virginia Vanzzini-Zago; Lav Sharma; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. 2020. "First Demonstration of Clinical Fusarium Strains Causing Cross-Kingdom Infections from Humans to Plants." Microorganisms 8, no. 6: 947.
Due to their biological activities, both in plants and in humans, there is a great interest in finding natural sources of phenolic compounds or ways to artificially manipulate their levels. During the last decade, a significant amount of these compounds has been reported in the vegetative organs of the vine plant. In the roots, woods, canes, stems, and leaves, at least 183 phenolic compounds have been identified, including 78 stilbenes (23 monomers, 30 dimers, 8 trimers, 16 tetramers, and 1 hexamer), 15 hydroxycinnamic acids, 9 hydroxybenzoic acids, 17 flavan-3-ols (of which 9 are proanthocyanidins), 14 anthocyanins, 8 flavanones, 35 flavonols, 2 flavones, and 5 coumarins. There is great variability in the distribution of these chemicals along the vine plant, with leaves and stems/canes having flavonols (83.43% of total phenolic levels) and flavan-3-ols (61.63%) as their main compounds, respectively. In light of the pattern described from the same organs, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and caftaric acid are the main flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids in the leaves; the most commonly represented flavan-3-ols and flavonols in the stems and canes are catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and quercetin-3-O-galactoside. The main stilbenes (trans-ε-viniferin, trans-resveratrol, isohopeaphenol/hopeaphenol, vitisin B, and ampelopsins) accumulate primarily in the woods, followed by the roots, the canes, and the stems, whereas the leaves, which are more exposed to environmental stresses, have a low concentration of these compounds. Data provided in this review could be used as (i) a metabolomic tool for screening in targeted and untargeted analyses and (ii) a reference list in studies aimed at finding ways to induce naturally occurring polyphenols on an industrial scale for pant and human disease control.
Piebiep Goufo; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Isabel Cortez. A Reference List of Phenolic Compounds (Including Stilbenes) in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Roots, Woods, Canes, Stems, and Leaves. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 398 .
AMA StylePiebiep Goufo, Rupesh Kumar Singh, Isabel Cortez. A Reference List of Phenolic Compounds (Including Stilbenes) in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Roots, Woods, Canes, Stems, and Leaves. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (5):398.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiebiep Goufo; Rupesh Kumar Singh; Isabel Cortez. 2020. "A Reference List of Phenolic Compounds (Including Stilbenes) in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Roots, Woods, Canes, Stems, and Leaves." Antioxidants 9, no. 5: 398.
Grapevine physiology is influenced by several environmental factors, such as temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and sunshine hours. Due to climatic changes, effects in grapevine physiology and consequently on the grape berry composition and quality have been observed. This work aims to make a comparative study of the effect of foliar mitigation treatment with kaolin (5%) and potassium silicates (0.1% and 0.05%) on the grape berry quality; namely on berry weight, pH, probable alcohol, total phenolics, tannins, total anthocyanins, monomeric anthocyanins, calcium, potassium, and magnesium composition from Portuguese grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Touriga Nacional and Touriga Franca). The results suggested that the phenolic composition and anthocyanin content differs between treatments while other parameters showed distinct behavior among the different applications. Qualitative parameters observed in the present study suggested non-significant changes upon both the applications.
Rupesh Kumar Singh; Jessica Afonso; Marta Nogueira; Ana A. Oliveira; Fernanda Cosme; Virgílio Falco. Silicates of Potassium and Aluminium (Kaolin); Comparative Foliar Mitigation Treatments and Biochemical Insight on Grape Berry Quality in Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Touriga National and Touriga Franca). Biology 2020, 9, 58 .
AMA StyleRupesh Kumar Singh, Jessica Afonso, Marta Nogueira, Ana A. Oliveira, Fernanda Cosme, Virgílio Falco. Silicates of Potassium and Aluminium (Kaolin); Comparative Foliar Mitigation Treatments and Biochemical Insight on Grape Berry Quality in Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Touriga National and Touriga Franca). Biology. 2020; 9 (3):58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRupesh Kumar Singh; Jessica Afonso; Marta Nogueira; Ana A. Oliveira; Fernanda Cosme; Virgílio Falco. 2020. "Silicates of Potassium and Aluminium (Kaolin); Comparative Foliar Mitigation Treatments and Biochemical Insight on Grape Berry Quality in Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Touriga National and Touriga Franca)." Biology 9, no. 3: 58.
Crop wild relative (CWR) is a wild ancestor plant/related taxon, closely related to cultivated domesticated plant whose geographic origins can be traced to regions known as Vavilov centers. CWRs have been significantly important to provide efficient traits to crops for improving agricultural production leading toward sustainable agro-ecosystems. Genetic material from CWRs has been utilized since long time as wild maize (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis H. H. Iltis & Doebley) and is routinely grown alongside maize to promote natural crossing. More recently, plant breeders have utilized CWR genes to improve a wide range of crops like maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), rice (Oryza sativa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and legumes. Grain legumes have been a major crop group in present time with the objectives to include its tolerance to abiotic stresses, and recently wild pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) was highlighted to improve the CWR germplasm collection with particular emphasis on potential traits for abiotic stress tolerance. CWR may be a potential source for better genes/traits to develop plant breeding or transgenic crops. Cicer microphyllum is a cold desert plant distributed in dry slopes of the Himalayan mountain range and wild relative of cultivated chickpea (C. arietenum). It has been considered to be a repository of genes expressed for extreme cold and drought tolerance and has been reported that wild Cicer species possess wealth of genes for biotic and abiotic stresses and also hold promise for enhancing seed yield through introgression of genes in cultivated species. Our previous molecular studies on Cicer microphyllum confirm this CWR as a natural repository of potential traits for abiotic stress tolerance. Germplasm availability is challenging to meet the needs of sustainable utilization of this species for routine research. Therefore we report in vitro germplasm conservation of this CWR and physiological responses toward cold and drought stress conditions to ensure long-term availability of germplasm to researchers to explore and utilize it for transgenic crop development.
Rupesh Kumar Singh; Nitin Bohra; Lav Sharma; Sivalingam Anandhan; Eliel Ruiz-May; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. Inspection of Crop Wild Relative (Cicer microphyllum) as Potential Genetic Resource in Transgenic Development. Advances in Plant Transgenics: Methods and Applications 2019, 253 -272.
AMA StyleRupesh Kumar Singh, Nitin Bohra, Lav Sharma, Sivalingam Anandhan, Eliel Ruiz-May, Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. Inspection of Crop Wild Relative (Cicer microphyllum) as Potential Genetic Resource in Transgenic Development. Advances in Plant Transgenics: Methods and Applications. 2019; ():253-272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRupesh Kumar Singh; Nitin Bohra; Lav Sharma; Sivalingam Anandhan; Eliel Ruiz-May; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. 2019. "Inspection of Crop Wild Relative (Cicer microphyllum) as Potential Genetic Resource in Transgenic Development." Advances in Plant Transgenics: Methods and Applications , no. : 253-272.
A plant modified through artificial insertion of a foreign DNA into its genome is referred to as “genetically modified plant” or a “transgenic” plant. The selection of the transgenic tissues during the genetic transformation process is based on the constitutively expressed marker gene(s) coding for reporters, such as those conferring resistance against antibiotics and/or herbicides. In this direction, Agrobacterium-mediated genetic co-transformation is arguably the most commonly used technique to transfer the gene(s) of interest as well as the marker gene(s). However, the latter is purposeless once a transgenic tissue has been selected. Although these marker genes are important for screening purposes, they exhibit safety concerns for the environment as well as among consumers. At times, commercial transgenic plants transfer these gene(s) to the weeds or other organisms, leading to the development of resistance among nontarget plants. Moreover, the escape of such gene could affect the wild relatives or land races via gene flow. Therefore, in order to maintain sustainability, removing the marker gene(s) from a transgenic crop is of utmost importance, prior to its commercialization. Hitherto, several methodologies have been evolved for the development of a marker-free transgenic crop. In the present summary, we discuss the merits and the shortcomings of the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic co-transformation. In addition, we review the recent developments among other approaches and their impacts and suggest directions for their maximum utilization in the near future.
Rupesh Kumar Singh; Lav Sharma; Nitin Bohra; Sivalingam Anandhan; Eliel Ruiz-May; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. Recent Developments in Generation of Marker-Free Transgenic Plants. Advances in Plant Transgenics: Methods and Applications 2019, 127 -142.
AMA StyleRupesh Kumar Singh, Lav Sharma, Nitin Bohra, Sivalingam Anandhan, Eliel Ruiz-May, Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. Recent Developments in Generation of Marker-Free Transgenic Plants. Advances in Plant Transgenics: Methods and Applications. 2019; ():127-142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRupesh Kumar Singh; Lav Sharma; Nitin Bohra; Sivalingam Anandhan; Eliel Ruiz-May; Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa. 2019. "Recent Developments in Generation of Marker-Free Transgenic Plants." Advances in Plant Transgenics: Methods and Applications , no. : 127-142.
Chitosan is an environmentally-friendly active molecule that has been explored for numerous agricultural uses. Its use in crop protection is well-known, however, other properties, such as bioactivity, deserve attention. Moreover, the modes of actions of chitosan remain to be elucidated. The present study assessed the levels of total phenolic compounds, the antioxidant potential, and the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes in the berries (skins and seeds), leaves, cluster stems, and shoots upon chitosan application on two red grapevine varieties (Touriga Franca and Tinto Cão). The application of chitosan on the whole vine before and after veraison led to the increased levels of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and tannins in Tinto Cão berries, and polyphenols and tannins in Touriga Franca berries, respectively. CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays indicated an increase in the antioxidant potential of berries. With the exception of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), all the ROS pathway genes tested, i.e., iron-superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutaredoxin (Grx), respiratory burst oxidase (Rboh), amine oxidase (AO), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), were found up-regulated in chitosan-treated berries. Results from the analyses of leaves, stems, and shoots revealed that chitosan not only induced the synthesis of phenolic compounds but also acted as a facilitator for the transfer of polyphenols from the leaves to the berries.
Rupesh K. Singh; Bruno Soares; Piebiep Goufo; Isaura Castro; Fernanda Cosme; Ana L. Pinto-Sintra; António Inês; Ana A. Oliveira; Virgílio Falco; Pinto- Sintra; Inês. Chitosan Upregulates the Genes of the ROS Pathway and Enhances the Antioxidant Potential of Grape (Vitis vinifera L. ‘Touriga Franca’ and ’Tinto Cão’) Tissues. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 525 .
AMA StyleRupesh K. Singh, Bruno Soares, Piebiep Goufo, Isaura Castro, Fernanda Cosme, Ana L. Pinto-Sintra, António Inês, Ana A. Oliveira, Virgílio Falco, Pinto- Sintra, Inês. Chitosan Upregulates the Genes of the ROS Pathway and Enhances the Antioxidant Potential of Grape (Vitis vinifera L. ‘Touriga Franca’ and ’Tinto Cão’) Tissues. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (11):525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRupesh K. Singh; Bruno Soares; Piebiep Goufo; Isaura Castro; Fernanda Cosme; Ana L. Pinto-Sintra; António Inês; Ana A. Oliveira; Virgílio Falco; Pinto- Sintra; Inês. 2019. "Chitosan Upregulates the Genes of the ROS Pathway and Enhances the Antioxidant Potential of Grape (Vitis vinifera L. ‘Touriga Franca’ and ’Tinto Cão’) Tissues." Antioxidants 8, no. 11: 525.