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Dr. Marinella Giunta
University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria

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railway infrastructure

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Journal article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Sustainability
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The road sector is one of the main sources of air emissions in the atmosphere during both construction and operation. The objective of the present paper is a comprehensive evaluation of the impact on air quality during the two main phases of life cycle of roads. In this case study of a motorway project, the emissions of the primary pollutants, CO, NOx, and PM10 are estimated, and the results showed that (i) CO and NOx pollutants released during both phases are comparable, while the emissions of PM10 are more significant in the construction phase; (ii) 85% of PM10 in construction is due to storage, transit on unpaved road, and crushing; (iii) the portals of the tunnel are the sites where there are higher concentrations of pollutants in operation; and (iv) the CO concentrations estimated by the dispersion model are strongly influenced by the topography.

ACS Style

Marinella Giunta. Assessment of the Impact of CO, NOx and PM10 on Air Quality during Road Construction and Operation Phases. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10549 .

AMA Style

Marinella Giunta. Assessment of the Impact of CO, NOx and PM10 on Air Quality during Road Construction and Operation Phases. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marinella Giunta. 2020. "Assessment of the Impact of CO, NOx and PM10 on Air Quality during Road Construction and Operation Phases." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10549.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2020 in Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes
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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit on 25 September 2015. It addresses people, planet and prosperity needs and particularly focuses on transport systems that must be 1) Sustainable. 2) Quality and resilient. 3) Safe. 4) Affordable and accessible. The Research Project PRIN USR342 focuses on similar concepts and the expected outputs are 3 paving solutions (made with recycled materials and sustainable technologies), 4 sets of modules (software), and 2 platforms. In this view, the objective of this study is the identification of the best pavement technology in terms of energy and environmental performance. To this aim a LCA approach has been applied in a cradle-to-grave perspective, which includes materials production, construction, maintenance, and end of life. Results highlight the principal potential differences, in terms of environmental burdens, of the different pavement solutions and the step in life cycle most impacting. In particular results show that the use of warm mix asphalts coupled with the use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) results the best solution, because it implies the lowest energy consumption and environmental impact, further the production of mixtures is crucial, in terms of impacts produced in all the categories considered in LCA, with a contribution of 60–70% in the life cycle of the different materials. Based on the outcomes, LCA approach appears a methodology able to help decision makers in setting up strategies for the eco-design of road pavements.

ACS Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Marinella Giunta; Marina Mistretta; Teresa Maria Gulotta. Measuring the Sustainability of Transportation Infrastructures Through Comparative Life Cycle and Energy Assessment. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2020, 1491 -1499.

AMA Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Marinella Giunta, Marina Mistretta, Teresa Maria Gulotta. Measuring the Sustainability of Transportation Infrastructures Through Comparative Life Cycle and Energy Assessment. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2020; ():1491-1499.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Marinella Giunta; Marina Mistretta; Teresa Maria Gulotta. 2020. "Measuring the Sustainability of Transportation Infrastructures Through Comparative Life Cycle and Energy Assessment." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 1491-1499.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2020 in Building and Environment
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The increasing importance of the environmental and social impacts of air pollution calls for the prediction of the PM10 emissions in construction projects to prevent conflicts with population and workers. The PM10 generated by road constructions produces significant adverse effects on human health and environment. The significance of the concern relies on the great amount of roads that are expected to be built in the near future, especially in developed countries. The reliable estimation of these emissions, the assessment of the admissibility of their concentration, the identification of measures aimed at their lowering, the constant control during the works are indispensable actions in making road construction more sustainable. In this paper a procedure for predicting the PM10 emissions and propagation due to the road construction is presented and applied to a case study of a motorway project. The daily and annual mean PM10 concentration in the area near the worksites have been estimated, based on the gathered data on all the construction sites, the construction processes, the type and operation time of the equipment used in each site and applying the emission factor and the equations proposed by United States Environmental Protection Agency. Simulations showed that daily and annual mean limit are generally verified. The overruns occur, as expected, within the emission sources and are exhausted in few meters. Results allowed recognizing the worksites and the inherent activities characterized by the highest level of the emission toward which to direct the most effective mitigation measures able to reduce the particulate concentration in atmosphere.

ACS Style

Marinella Giunta. Assessment of the environmental impact of road construction: Modelling and prediction of fine particulate matter emissions. Building and Environment 2020, 176, 106865 .

AMA Style

Marinella Giunta. Assessment of the environmental impact of road construction: Modelling and prediction of fine particulate matter emissions. Building and Environment. 2020; 176 ():106865.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marinella Giunta. 2020. "Assessment of the environmental impact of road construction: Modelling and prediction of fine particulate matter emissions." Building and Environment 176, no. : 106865.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2020 in Sustainability
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Recycled and low-temperature materials are promising solutions to reduce the environmental burden deriving from hot mix asphalts. Despite this, there is lack of studies focusing on the assessment of the life-cycle impacts of these promising technologies. Consequently, this study deals with the life cycle assessment (LCA) of different classes of pavement technologies, based on the use of bituminous mixes (hot mix asphalt and warm mix asphalt) with recycled materials (reclaimed asphalt pavements, crumb rubber, and waste plastics), in the pursuit of assessing energy and environmental impacts. Analysis is developed based on the ISO 14040 series. Different scenarios of pavement production, construction, and maintenance are assessed and compared to a reference case involving the use of common paving materials. For all the considered scenarios, the influence of each life-cycle phase on the overall impacts is assessed to the purpose of identifying the phases and processes which produce the greatest impacts. Results show that material production involves the highest contribution (about 60–70%) in all the examined impact categories. Further, the combined use of warm mix asphalts and recycled materials in bituminous mixtures entails lower energy consumption and environmental impacts due to a reduction of virgin bitumen and aggregate consumption, which involves a decrease in the consumption of primary energy and raw materials, and reduced impacts for disposal. LCA results demonstrate that this methodology is able to help set up strategies for eco-design in the pavement sector.

ACS Style

Filippo G. Praticò; Marinella Giunta; Marina Mistretta; Teresa Maria Gulotta. Energy and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Pavement Materials and Technologies for Urban Roads. Sustainability 2020, 12, 704 .

AMA Style

Filippo G. Praticò, Marinella Giunta, Marina Mistretta, Teresa Maria Gulotta. Energy and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Pavement Materials and Technologies for Urban Roads. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filippo G. Praticò; Marinella Giunta; Marina Mistretta; Teresa Maria Gulotta. 2020. "Energy and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Pavement Materials and Technologies for Urban Roads." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 704.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Minimizing the environmental impacts is a challenging task to achieve sustainability in road constructions. Although they are only temporary, the environmental burdens of building activities can have a great impact on the environment and communities, and must be properly assessed and mitigated. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts requires the consideration of all construction activities, construction sites and the type and operation time of off-road machines and plants that will be used in each site. In this paper, a case study relating to the project of a motorway was carried out with the following objectives: (i) to estimate the dust and gases arising from the whole construction process and identify the most critical pollutants in terms of emitted quantity; (ii) to investigate the worksites, activities and processes with the greatest impact from an emissive standpoint, and (iii) to propose a rational approach for designing and putting in place effective mitigation measures. Carbon oxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and fine particulate matter (PM10) emissions have been estimated by applying different models, methodologies and databases, depending on the construction process under analysis, and an emissive balance sheet has been produced. Results showed that CO is the pollutant released in the greatest quantity, followed by NOx. The emission of PM10, mainly due to the movement of trucks on unpaved roads, is one order of magnitude less with respect to CO and NOx, but produces the most perceived and undesired effects of the construction process in the interested communities. Tunnels and bridge are the components of a road with the greatest impact in terms of air emissions.

ACS Style

Marinella Giunta; Dario Lo Bosco; Giovanni Leonardi; Francesco Scopelliti. Estimation of Gas and Dust Emissions in Construction Sites of a Motorway Project. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7218 .

AMA Style

Marinella Giunta, Dario Lo Bosco, Giovanni Leonardi, Francesco Scopelliti. Estimation of Gas and Dust Emissions in Construction Sites of a Motorway Project. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marinella Giunta; Dario Lo Bosco; Giovanni Leonardi; Francesco Scopelliti. 2019. "Estimation of Gas and Dust Emissions in Construction Sites of a Motorway Project." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7218.

Conference paper
Published: 30 August 2019 in Proceedings of EECE 2020
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The increasing sensibility towards the questions related to climate change has made the scientists and technicians aware of the need to incorporate the principles of sustainable development into the road construction sector. In this view, recycled materials in road pavements and technologies to decrease the overall carbon footprint have become more and more important. Based on the ISO14040 series, the overall purpose of this study is calculating, by means of a systemic approach, the life-cycle energy and the carbon footprint of road pavement solutions. To this aim, several alternatives in terms of bituminous mixtures (warm mix asphalt, reclaimed asphalt pavements, waste plastics) were considered. All the phases of pavement life from material production to end-of-life stages were taken into account. Results demonstrate that even if there is not a best alternative from all the angles of the analysis, however, the WMA technology, combined with the use of RAP, improves the pavement energy and environmental performance, involving a reduction in primary energy consumption and raw materials, and avoiding impacts for disposal.

ACS Style

Marinella Giunta; Marina Mistretta; Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Maria Teresa Gulotta. Environmental Sustainability and Energy Assessment of Bituminous Pavements Made with Unconventional Materials. Proceedings of EECE 2020 2019, 123 -132.

AMA Style

Marinella Giunta, Marina Mistretta, Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Maria Teresa Gulotta. Environmental Sustainability and Energy Assessment of Bituminous Pavements Made with Unconventional Materials. Proceedings of EECE 2020. 2019; ():123-132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marinella Giunta; Marina Mistretta; Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Maria Teresa Gulotta. 2019. "Environmental Sustainability and Energy Assessment of Bituminous Pavements Made with Unconventional Materials." Proceedings of EECE 2020 , no. : 123-132.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2018 in The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
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The increase in train speed and axle load is an important goal to achieve in the future. From a technical standpoint, ballastless tracks seem to be suitable to the aim, especially when high-speed passenger trains share the track with freight trains. Based on the above, the primary objective of this study is the comparison between ballasted and slab tracks regarding total costs over the life course. A suitable model to evaluate the total costs of competing solutions is set up. A solution for solving the issue of CO2 price fluctuation and for the quantification of External Costs is also formulated. Life Cycle Costs are estimated based on agency, environmental and present user values. Analyses and results show that when Life Cycle Costing-based approaches are applied: i) Agency Costs have to be considered in the long-term perspective; ii) expected life has an appreciable impact and several solutions and systems, more affordable in the short term, yield unfavourable maintenance and renewal processes; iii) if total costs are considered over track life, the breakeven point is very far from the construction. Furthermore, the differences between the total Present Values of the two solutions become too small to yield sound conclusions in favour of the ballasted vs. the ballastless solution.

ACS Style

Filippo Giammaria Pratico; Marinella Giunta. LCC-Based Appraisal of Ballasted and Slab Tracks: Limits and Potential. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 2018, 13, 475 -499.

AMA Style

Filippo Giammaria Pratico, Marinella Giunta. LCC-Based Appraisal of Ballasted and Slab Tracks: Limits and Potential. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering. 2018; 13 (4):475-499.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filippo Giammaria Pratico; Marinella Giunta. 2018. "LCC-Based Appraisal of Ballasted and Slab Tracks: Limits and Potential." The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, no. 4: 475-499.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Bituminous sub-ballast in railway track-bed can mitigate the variation of the moisture content in the subgrade and reduce vertical stiffness variations of the track leading to a more durable infrastructure. Nevertheless, durability is only one of the aspects that affects the sustainability of an infrastructure. Other relevant aspects are related to the environmental and economic issues. This research work joins the worldwide effort towards a paradigm shift in civil engineering devoted to assess the sustainability of infrastructures at the design stage. With this in mind, in this study different alternative bituminous sub-ballast mixtures containing recycled materials, namely crumb rubber (CR) and reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) were compared by means of the results of a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). In comparison with a traditional bituminous sub-ballast the Crumb Rubber Modified (CRM) mixtures showed higher impacts due to the treatment of the rubber as well as the higher amount of bitumen employed in the mixture. In turn, when RAP is used, the LCA results report an improvement of all the indicators considered. The reduction of the impacts is even higher when full blending between the aged and the virgin binder is assumed because it allows reducing the amount of virgin bitumen employed. The results are intended to be used by engineering experts and practitioners to make more assertive judgments on the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of emerging and commonly called sustainable strategies and practices for railway track-bed.

ACS Style

Sara Bressi; Joao Santos; Marinella Giunta; Lavinia Pistonesi; Davide Lo Presti. A comparative life-cycle assessment of asphalt mixtures for railway sub-ballast containing alternative materials. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2018, 137, 76 -88.

AMA Style

Sara Bressi, Joao Santos, Marinella Giunta, Lavinia Pistonesi, Davide Lo Presti. A comparative life-cycle assessment of asphalt mixtures for railway sub-ballast containing alternative materials. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2018; 137 ():76-88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Bressi; Joao Santos; Marinella Giunta; Lavinia Pistonesi; Davide Lo Presti. 2018. "A comparative life-cycle assessment of asphalt mixtures for railway sub-ballast containing alternative materials." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 137, no. : 76-88.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Bitumen stabilized ballast (BSB) is a novel and promising construction or maintenance strategy of traditional ballasted track-bed that consists in the use of bitumen emulsion (BE), which is poured or sprayed at ambient temperature onto the ballast. The bound aggregates show high resistance to degradation and allows increasing intervals between both minor and major maintenance activities. This paper presents the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) undertaken to compare the potential environmental impacts associated with the use of bitumen stabilized ballast (bound with BE) with those associated to traditional ballast (unbound aggregates) layers. Afterwards, for a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages related to the use of BSB, the complete structure of the track-bed, which in addition to the ballast layer also includes other components, such as sleepers, fastening systems and rails, has been considered. Furthermore, multiple analyses were performed by considering different scenarios involving the comparison of different maintenance timing of BSB and traditional ballast depending on traffic level and/or standard deviation limit (SD) of track irregularities. When the analysis considers the life cycle of the complete structure of the track-bed one can conclude that, overall, the use of BSB contributes positively to the reduction of the environmental impacts, independently of the track quality level and the cumulated traffic values considered. Indeed, the higher durability of BSB allows reducing the frequency of replacement of the elements composing the track-bed leading to considerable improvements in the life cycle environmental performance of the entire infrastructure.

ACS Style

Sara Bressi; Giacomo D'Angelo; Joao Santos; Marinella Giunta. Environmental performance analysis of bitumen stabilized ballast for railway track-bed using life-cycle assessment. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 188, 1050 -1064.

AMA Style

Sara Bressi, Giacomo D'Angelo, Joao Santos, Marinella Giunta. Environmental performance analysis of bitumen stabilized ballast for railway track-bed using life-cycle assessment. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 188 ():1050-1064.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Bressi; Giacomo D'Angelo; Joao Santos; Marinella Giunta. 2018. "Environmental performance analysis of bitumen stabilized ballast for railway track-bed using life-cycle assessment." Construction and Building Materials 188, no. : 1050-1064.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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In railway sector, the high quality of the track is ensured by adequate construction methods and frequent maintenance. To reduce the maintenance frequency diverse techniques have been recently developed. Among others, bitumen stabilised ballast (BSB) represents an innovative solution designed to increase ballast service life and reduce overall maintenance burdens. This technology, which can be used for new track-beds as well as to reinforce existing ones, consists of the use of bitumen emulsion (BE) poured or sprayed at ambient temperature onto the ballast. The objective of the present work is to assess the economic feasibility, encompassing the estimation of the costs of the environmental impacts, of this innovative technology (BSB), compared to the traditional ballast (TB). This purpose is achieved using a lifecycle approach where economic and environmental impacts are combined to return an integrated model. Results of Life Cycle Cost Assessment carried out for the baseline scenarios (with respect to traffic level and quality level set for the infrastructure) indicated that: the BSB technology, used since the construction stage and during the routine tamping, can provide economical savings. Sensitivity analysis to main parameters affecting results showed that these savings can vary significantly, especially in relation to the traffic and the discount rate.

ACS Style

Marinella Giunta; Sara Bressi; Giacomo D'Angelo. Life cycle cost assessment of bitumen stabilised ballast: A novel maintenance strategy for railway track-bed. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 172, 751 -759.

AMA Style

Marinella Giunta, Sara Bressi, Giacomo D'Angelo. Life cycle cost assessment of bitumen stabilised ballast: A novel maintenance strategy for railway track-bed. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 172 ():751-759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marinella Giunta; Sara Bressi; Giacomo D'Angelo. 2018. "Life cycle cost assessment of bitumen stabilised ballast: A novel maintenance strategy for railway track-bed." Construction and Building Materials 172, no. : 751-759.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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The performance of railway tracks can be assessed by separately applying different approaches, such as reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety (RAMS) and lifecycle costing (LCC). Results of these approaches are not comprehensive because RAMS management lacks an LCC perspective and balance, whereas LCC develops an economic analysis but does not address specific issues of railway performance. Based on these considerations, this study defines a key performance indicator (KPI) for railway tracks as merging the LCC and RAMS approaches at a given time. Innovative algorithms are set up for LCC, RAMS, and their relationship in the definition of KPI. Algorithms are applied to two different track alternatives (ballasted and ballastless), and the KPI trend over time is assessed. Case study results show that the KPI of ballasted tracks is higher in the short-term, whereas the slab track performs better in the long-term. The trend of KPI for the two solutions under investigation shows that the breakeven point depends on traffic and speed in the railway lines. The method setup as well the results obtained contribute to the body of knowledge of construction engineering because: (1) the equations set up allow deriving agency-based algorithms through calibration; (2) the model set up and implemented allows agencies to handle basic technical instances (e.g., RAMS) and lifecycle-related issues (in which sustainability is considered) in a synergistic and quantitative way; and (3) the previously mentioned KPI has the potential to quantitatively affect decision making across the entire cycle of life (design, maintenance, and renewal).

ACS Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Marinella Giunta. Proposal of a Key Performance Indicator for Railway Track Based on LCC and RAMS Analyses. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2018, 144, 04017104 .

AMA Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Marinella Giunta. Proposal of a Key Performance Indicator for Railway Track Based on LCC and RAMS Analyses. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2018; 144 (2):04017104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Marinella Giunta. 2018. "Proposal of a Key Performance Indicator for Railway Track Based on LCC and RAMS Analyses." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 144, no. 2: 04017104.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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ACS Style

Giacomo D'angelo; Sara Bressi; Marinella Giunta; Davide Lo Presti; Nick Thom. Novel performance-based technique for predicting maintenance strategy of bitumen stabilised ballast. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 161, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Giacomo D'angelo, Sara Bressi, Marinella Giunta, Davide Lo Presti, Nick Thom. Novel performance-based technique for predicting maintenance strategy of bitumen stabilised ballast. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 161 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giacomo D'angelo; Sara Bressi; Marinella Giunta; Davide Lo Presti; Nick Thom. 2018. "Novel performance-based technique for predicting maintenance strategy of bitumen stabilised ballast." Construction and Building Materials 161, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2017 in DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research
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In this paper a method is set up for assessing the best strategy for the management of a railway infrastructure over time. A model to evaluate the total costs of competing track alternatives in a long-term perspective is proposed. Tangible and intangible costs, as well as internal (e.g., agency and user costs) and external costs (CO2- related, etc.) are considered. Life cycle costs are estimated based on agency, environmental, and user present values. The detailed analysis of the costs over the entire life of the track allows assessing the trend of agency (AC, e.g., construction, maintenance and renewal), user (UC, e.g., delays, etc.), and externality (EC, e.g., related to CO2e emissions, etc.) costs of the alternatives. An application of the proposed method is carried out comparing two track alternatives (ballasted vs. ballast-less). The trend of total present values (TPV) shows that solutions more affordable in the short time can yield maintenance and renewal processes which are economically unfavourable. Furthermore, not only the breakeven point (ballast-less versus ballasted present values) is very far from the construction time but also the “distance” between the TPV of the two solutions becomes too small to yield sound conclusions in favour of one solution.

ACS Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Marinella Giunta. Issues and Perspectives in Railway Management from a Sustainability Standpoint. DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Marinella Giunta. Issues and Perspectives in Railway Management from a Sustainability Standpoint. DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research. 2017; (ictim):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Marinella Giunta. 2017. "Issues and Perspectives in Railway Management from a Sustainability Standpoint." DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research , no. ictim: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2012 in Applied Mechanics and Materials
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Porous European mixes, PEMs, are porous asphalts which when compacted have an air void content usually in excess of 20%. PEMs points of strength are reduction of splash and spray, mitigation of outdoor noise, optimization of skid resistance at high speeds in wet conditions. Conversely, PEMs have quite low bearing properties, clogging, variation of volumetrics over the time, variation of noise, texture, friction, and permeability performance over the time. Furthermore, at the end of their lifecycle many issues arise: RAP variability, uncertainties on the potential for high percentage recycling, potential for recycling a surface layer back to a surface layer. Based on the abovementioned facts, objectives and scopes were then focused into the analysis of the feasibility of a two-layer porous asphalt (TLPA) by recycling from-PEM RAP, when highly variable rap stockpiles are involved. The following main issues were addressed: mitigating the clogging and its related consequences (acoustic and drainability performance over the time); preserving traditional (bearing properties, skid resistance) and premium (silentness, drainagebility) performance; recycling high percentages of from-PEM RAP. Materials selection was followed by mixtures production. Traditional and advanced tests on RAP and recycled mixes were carried out. RAP variability was examined and a method for facing its consequences was proposed. Mechanical performance was adequate and environmental compatibility was achieved. Functional performance resulted very promising. Results are encouraging about the possibility of achieving a satisfactory level of surface performance. Practical applications and perspectives in rehabilitation, maintenance, and research are outlined.

ACS Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Rosolino Vaiana; Marinella Giunta; Teresa Iuele; Antonino Moro. Recycling PEMs back to TLPAs: Is that Possible Notwithstanding RAP Variability? Applied Mechanics and Materials 2012, 253-255, 376 -384.

AMA Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Rosolino Vaiana, Marinella Giunta, Teresa Iuele, Antonino Moro. Recycling PEMs back to TLPAs: Is that Possible Notwithstanding RAP Variability? Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2012; 253-255 ():376-384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Rosolino Vaiana; Marinella Giunta; Teresa Iuele; Antonino Moro. 2012. "Recycling PEMs back to TLPAs: Is that Possible Notwithstanding RAP Variability?" Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255, no. : 376-384.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2012 in The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
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In the last decades several studies were conducted in order to develop operating speed prediction models for two-lane rural roads. Many factors were found to affect the operating speed, such as radius of horizontal curve or curvature changes rate, grade, length of horizontal curve, deflection angle, sight distance, superelevation rate, side friction factor, and pavement conditions. Though this, many issues arise when there is an appreciable and continuous variance of geometric features along the road and, for example, short and long tangents coexist in the same road. In such conditions, assessing homogeneous sections, calibrating robust algorithms aimed at V85 prediction is a severe task and safety goals are not easily achieved. In the light of the abovementioned facts, objective and scopes of this work were confined into the quantifications of the effect of past, present, and future geometric elements on operating speeds. In particular, attention was focused on the consistency of the assumption of an environmental speed as a reference value for both short (dependent) and long (independent) tangents. Authors proposed a new operating speed model in which the geometric features of the previous and oncoming alignment were explicitly considered. The proposed speed prediction algorithm was validated on the basis of a wide experimental survey carried out in a rural road of the Province of Reggio Calabria

ACS Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Marinella Giunta. Quantifying the effect of present, past and oncoming alignment on the operating speeds of a two-lane rural road. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 2012, 7, 181 -190.

AMA Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò, Marinella Giunta. Quantifying the effect of present, past and oncoming alignment on the operating speeds of a two-lane rural road. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering. 2012; 7 (3):181-190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filippo Giammaria Praticò; Marinella Giunta. 2012. "Quantifying the effect of present, past and oncoming alignment on the operating speeds of a two-lane rural road." The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 7, no. 3: 181-190.