This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Dr. Maria José Ranilla
Universidad de León (Spain)

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Animal Nutrition
0 Ruminant Nutrition
0 Sheep
0 Rumen fermentation
0 Nutritive evaluation

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2020 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Olive oil extraction generates large amounts of a highly pollutant by-product called olive cake (OC), and its use in ruminant feeding could be an alternative. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of partially replacing forage by crude OC (COC) in a mixed dairy diet on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters. The COC replaced 33% of the forage (66% maize silage and 33% barley straw) and was included at 16.6% of the total diet. Four fermenters were used in a cross-over design with two 13-day incubation periods. Experimental diets had a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio and were formulated to contain the same protein (16.0%) and neutral detergent fiber (32.5%) levels. Compared with control fermenters, those fed the COC diet showed greater (p ≤ 0.02) pH (6.07 vs. 6.22), diet disappearance (0.709 vs. 0.748), and butyrate proportions (18.0 vs. 19.4), but there were no differences in volatile fatty acids and ammonia production. Microbial growth, bacterial diversity, protozoal abundance, and relative abundance of fungi and archaea were unaffected by diet, although the solid phase of COC-fed fermenters showed greater (p = 0.01) bacterial abundance than control ones. Results indicate that COC could replace 33% of the forage in a mixed dairy diet.

ACS Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez; Iván Mateos; Cristina Saro; Jesús S. González; María Dolores Carro; María José Ranilla. Replacing Forage by Crude Olive Cake in a Dairy Sheep Diet: Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters. Animals 2020, 10, 2235 .

AMA Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez, Iván Mateos, Cristina Saro, Jesús S. González, María Dolores Carro, María José Ranilla. Replacing Forage by Crude Olive Cake in a Dairy Sheep Diet: Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez; Iván Mateos; Cristina Saro; Jesús S. González; María Dolores Carro; María José Ranilla. 2020. "Replacing Forage by Crude Olive Cake in a Dairy Sheep Diet: Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters." Animals 10, no. 12: 2235.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2020 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Heat stress reduces the feed intake and growth of pigs. We hypothesized that heat stress affects the intestinal fermentation capacity of pigs. Sixteen Iberian pigs (44 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (eight pigs/treatment) for 4 weeks—heat stress (HS; 30 °C) ad libitum or thermoneutral (TN; 20 °C) pair feeding. Frozen rectum contents were used as inocula for 24 h in vitro incubations in which a mixture of starches, citrus pectin, inulin from chicory, and cellulose were the substrates. Cellulose was poorly degraded, whereas pectin and the mixture of starches were the most fermentable substrates according to total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The mixture of starches and inulin produced the greatest amount of gas. For all substrates, heat stress enhanced gas production (8%, p = 0.001), total SCFA production (16%, p = 0.001), and the production of acetate and propionate (12% and 42%, respectively; p = 0.001). The increased isoacid production (33%, p = 0.001) and ammonia concentration (12%, p = 0.001) may indicate protein fermentation under heat stress. In conclusion, the in vitro intestinal fermentation capacity of pigs under heat stress was increased compared to thermoneutral conditions, which may indicate an adaptive response to heat stress.

ACS Style

Zaira Pardo; Iván Mateos; Rómulo Campos; Andrea Francisco; Manuel Lachica; María José Ranilla; Ignacio Fernández-Fígares. Heat Stress Increases In Vitro Hindgut Fermentation of Distinct Substrates in Iberian Pigs. Animals 2020, 10, 2173 .

AMA Style

Zaira Pardo, Iván Mateos, Rómulo Campos, Andrea Francisco, Manuel Lachica, María José Ranilla, Ignacio Fernández-Fígares. Heat Stress Increases In Vitro Hindgut Fermentation of Distinct Substrates in Iberian Pigs. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):2173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaira Pardo; Iván Mateos; Rómulo Campos; Andrea Francisco; Manuel Lachica; María José Ranilla; Ignacio Fernández-Fígares. 2020. "Heat Stress Increases In Vitro Hindgut Fermentation of Distinct Substrates in Iberian Pigs." Animals 10, no. 11: 2173.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2020 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The potential of broccoli wastes (florets and stems) as ruminant feed was analyzed using in vitro and in situ techniques. Both stems and florets had high moisture content (90.6 and 86.1%, respectively), but the stems contained (% dry matter) lower levels (p < 0.05) of crude protein (CP; 23.2 vs. 30.8%) and ether extract (2.91 vs. 6.15%) and tended to have greater sugars content (p = 0.071; 33.4 vs. 19.6%) than florets. Stems had greater in vitro dry matter rumen degradability (45.3%; 24 h incubation) and lower in vitro CP intestinal digestibility (82.7%) compared with florets (42.2 and 90.1%, respectively). Rumen degradability of protein was high (3-N concentrations of a mixed diet including 40% of the concentrate. Including dried broccoli in the diet produced only small modifications in the volatile fatty acid profile and did not affect CH4 emission.

ACS Style

Trinidad De Evan; Carlos N. Marcos; María José Ranilla; María Dolores Carro. In Vitro and In Situ Evaluation of Broccoli Wastes as Potential Feed for Ruminants. Animals 2020, 10, 1989 .

AMA Style

Trinidad De Evan, Carlos N. Marcos, María José Ranilla, María Dolores Carro. In Vitro and In Situ Evaluation of Broccoli Wastes as Potential Feed for Ruminants. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):1989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trinidad De Evan; Carlos N. Marcos; María José Ranilla; María Dolores Carro. 2020. "In Vitro and In Situ Evaluation of Broccoli Wastes as Potential Feed for Ruminants." Animals 10, no. 11: 1989.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2020 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Citrus pulp is a highly abundant by-product of the citrus industry. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of replacing extruded maize (EM; 20% of total diet) by dried citrus pulp (DCP; 20%) in a mixed diet on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters. The two diets contained 50% alfalfa hay and 50% concentrate, and the same protein level. Four Rusitec fermenters were used in a cross-over design with two 13-d incubation runs. After 7-d of diet adaptation, diet disappearance, fermentation parameters, microbial growth, and microbial populations were assessed. Fermenters receiving the DCP showed greater pH values and fiber disappearance (p < 0.001) and lower methane production (p = 0.03) than those fed EM. Replacing EM by DCP caused an increase in the proportions of propionate and butyrate (p < 0.001) and a decrease in acetate (p = 0.04). Microbial growth, bacterial diversity, and the quantity of bacteria and protozoa DNA were not affected by the diet, but the relative abundances of fungi and archaea were greater (p < 0.03) in solid and liquid phases of DCP fermenters, respectively. Results indicate that DCP can substitute EM, promoting a more efficient ruminal fermentation.

ACS Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez; Cristina Saro; Iván Mateos; Jesús S. González; María Dolores Carro; María José Ranilla. Effects of Replacing Extruded Maize by Dried Citrus Pulp in a Mixed Diet on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters. Animals 2020, 10, 1316 .

AMA Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez, Cristina Saro, Iván Mateos, Jesús S. González, María Dolores Carro, María José Ranilla. Effects of Replacing Extruded Maize by Dried Citrus Pulp in a Mixed Diet on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez; Cristina Saro; Iván Mateos; Jesús S. González; María Dolores Carro; María José Ranilla. 2020. "Effects of Replacing Extruded Maize by Dried Citrus Pulp in a Mixed Diet on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters." Animals 10, no. 8: 1316.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2020 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed by analyzing their chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. In addition, the in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets containing increasing amounts of CAU was studied. The dry matter (DM) content of leaves, stems and sprouts of both vegetables was lower than 10%, but they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%). Stems and sprouts were more rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen than leaves, but there were only minor differences the fermentation profiles of both vegetables. The estimated metabolizable energy content ranged from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM. The CP rumen degradability (12-h in situ incubations) was greater than 80.0% for all fractions, and the in vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranged from 85.7 to 93.2%. The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet, but did not affect methane (CH4) production, indicating the lack of antimethanogenic compounds in CAU.

ACS Style

Trinidad De Evan; Andrea Vintimilla; Eduarda Molina-Alcaide; María José Ranilla; María Dolores Carro. Potential of Recycling Cauliflower and Romanesco Wastes in Ruminant Feeding: In Vitro Studies. Animals 2020, 10, 1247 .

AMA Style

Trinidad De Evan, Andrea Vintimilla, Eduarda Molina-Alcaide, María José Ranilla, María Dolores Carro. Potential of Recycling Cauliflower and Romanesco Wastes in Ruminant Feeding: In Vitro Studies. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trinidad De Evan; Andrea Vintimilla; Eduarda Molina-Alcaide; María José Ranilla; María Dolores Carro. 2020. "Potential of Recycling Cauliflower and Romanesco Wastes in Ruminant Feeding: In Vitro Studies." Animals 10, no. 8: 1247.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2019 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Thirty-six Assaf male lambs (29.4 ± 3.10 kg body weight (BW)) were used to study the feasibility of including urea (at 0, 0.6 or 0.95% of dry matter for Control, Urea1, and Urea2 diets, respectively) in substitution of soybean meal in fattening diets. Animals were individually penned and feed intake was recorded daily. Blood samples were taken at days 35 and 63 of the experimental period to determine the acid-base status and the biochemical profile. At the end of the experiment (nine weeks), lambs were slaughtered, ruminal contents were collected and carcass and meat quality were evaluated. There were not differences (p > 0.05) among treatments in dry matter intake, animal performance, ruminal fermentation pattern, and carcass and meat parameters. Serum albumin concentration was higher and concentration of HCO3 and total CO2 in blood were lower in Urea2 compared to Urea1 and Control lambs. These results, together with the tendency to lower (p = 0.065) blood pH in this group might suggest a moderate metabolic acidosis. Partial replacement of soybean meal with urea did not impair growth rate in heavy fattening Assaf lambs (from 29 to 50 kg body weight), reduced feeding costs and had no adverse effects on feed efficiency, rumen fermentation and carcass and meat quality.

ACS Style

Cristina Saro; Javier Mateo; Sonia Andrés; Iván Mateos; María José Ranilla; Secundino López; Alba Martín; Francisco Javier Giráldez; Saro. Replacing Soybean Meal with Urea in Diets for Heavy Fattening Lambs: Effects on Growth, Metabolic Profile and Meat Quality. Animals 2019, 9, 974 .

AMA Style

Cristina Saro, Javier Mateo, Sonia Andrés, Iván Mateos, María José Ranilla, Secundino López, Alba Martín, Francisco Javier Giráldez, Saro. Replacing Soybean Meal with Urea in Diets for Heavy Fattening Lambs: Effects on Growth, Metabolic Profile and Meat Quality. Animals. 2019; 9 (11):974.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Saro; Javier Mateo; Sonia Andrés; Iván Mateos; María José Ranilla; Secundino López; Alba Martín; Francisco Javier Giráldez; Saro. 2019. "Replacing Soybean Meal with Urea in Diets for Heavy Fattening Lambs: Effects on Growth, Metabolic Profile and Meat Quality." Animals 9, no. 11: 974.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2019 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The nutritive value of 26 agro-industrial by-products was assessed from their chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and rumen fermentation kinetics. By-products from sugar beet, grape, olive tree, almond, broccoli, lettuce, asparagus, green bean, artichoke, peas, broad beans, tomato, pepper, apple pomace and citrus were evaluated. Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and fermentation kinetics varied largely across the by-products. Data were subjected to multivariate and principal component analyses (PCA). According to a multivariate cluster analysis chart, samples formed four distinctive groups (A–D). Less degradable by-products were olive tree leaves, pepper skins and grape seeds (group A); whereas the more degradable ones were sugar beet, orange, lemon and clementine pulps (group D). In the PCA plot, component 1 segregated samples of groups A and B from those of groups C and D. Considering the large variability among by-products, most of them can be regarded as potential ingredients in ruminant rations. Depending on the characteristic nutritive value of each by-product, these feedstuffs can provide alternative sources of energy (e.g., citrus pulps), protein (e.g., asparagus rinds), soluble fibre (e.g., sugar beet pulp) or less digestible roughage (e.g., grape seeds or pepper skin).

ACS Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez; María José Ranilla; James France; Héctor Alaiz-Moretón; María Dolores Carro; Secundino López. Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Kinetics of Agro-Industrial By-Products. Animals 2019, 9, 861 .

AMA Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez, María José Ranilla, James France, Héctor Alaiz-Moretón, María Dolores Carro, Secundino López. Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Kinetics of Agro-Industrial By-Products. Animals. 2019; 9 (11):861.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jairo García-Rodríguez; María José Ranilla; James France; Héctor Alaiz-Moretón; María Dolores Carro; Secundino López. 2019. "Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Kinetics of Agro-Industrial By-Products." Animals 9, no. 11: 861.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2019 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and intestinal digestibility of discarded samples of four Brassica vegetables: Brussels sprouts (BS), white cabbage, Savoy cabbage, and red cabbage, and to assess the effects of including increasing amounts of BS in the concentrate of a dairy sheep diet on in vitro fermentation, CH4 production, and in situ degradation of the diets. All cabbages had low dry matter content (DM;

ACS Style

Trinidad De Evan; Andrea Vintimilla; Carlos N. Marcos; María José Ranilla; María Dolores Carro. Evaluation of Brassica Vegetables as Potential Feed for Ruminants. Animals 2019, 9, 588 .

AMA Style

Trinidad De Evan, Andrea Vintimilla, Carlos N. Marcos, María José Ranilla, María Dolores Carro. Evaluation of Brassica Vegetables as Potential Feed for Ruminants. Animals. 2019; 9 (9):588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trinidad De Evan; Andrea Vintimilla; Carlos N. Marcos; María José Ranilla; María Dolores Carro. 2019. "Evaluation of Brassica Vegetables as Potential Feed for Ruminants." Animals 9, no. 9: 588.

Article
Published: 10 June 2019 in Agroforestry Systems
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The aim of this study was to screen the nutritive value and the effects of anti-nutritional secondary compounds (condensed tannins) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane mitigation of Algerian steppe browse species: Albizia julibrissin (pods), Acacia nilotica (pods), Punica granatum (leaves and pericarp), Vicia faba (leaves), Artemisia herba-alba (aerial part), Attriplex halimus (leaves) and Calligonum azel (bark). Chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility, and rumen fermentation kinetics and end-products accumulation in batch cultures were determined. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a tannin binding agent was used to measure the biological activity of tannins. Protein content was high for A. julibrissin and V. faba and low for the pericarp of P. granatum and bark of C. azel. The highest concentrations of total extractable phenols and tannins were observed in P. granatum, whereas A. halimus showed the lowest concentrations. A. nilotica, C. azel and A. julibrissin showed the highest and A. halimus and A. herba-alba the lowest total condensed tannin contents. Vicia faba was the most digestible forage. All the browse species used in the current study, with the exception of C. azel bark, can be used as alternative feedstuffs for ruminant nutrition. The most promising forage in terms of reduced methane emissions is Atriplex halimus foliage, because the decreased methane production is not associated to a reduced rumen degradation and fermentation of this forage in the rumen. However, in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its potential to be included in ruminant diets.

ACS Style

Lyas Bouazza; Souhil Boufennara; Mustapha Bensaada; Azzeddine Zeraib; Khalid Rahal; Cristina Saro; María José Ranilla; Secundino López. In vitro screening of Algerian steppe browse plants for digestibility, rumen fermentation profile and methane mitigation. Agroforestry Systems 2019, 94, 1433 -1443.

AMA Style

Lyas Bouazza, Souhil Boufennara, Mustapha Bensaada, Azzeddine Zeraib, Khalid Rahal, Cristina Saro, María José Ranilla, Secundino López. In vitro screening of Algerian steppe browse plants for digestibility, rumen fermentation profile and methane mitigation. Agroforestry Systems. 2019; 94 (4):1433-1443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lyas Bouazza; Souhil Boufennara; Mustapha Bensaada; Azzeddine Zeraib; Khalid Rahal; Cristina Saro; María José Ranilla; Secundino López. 2019. "In vitro screening of Algerian steppe browse plants for digestibility, rumen fermentation profile and methane mitigation." Agroforestry Systems 94, no. 4: 1433-1443.

Comparative study
Published: 30 January 2018 in Archives of Animal Nutrition
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The objective of this study was to compare the automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques for analysing the effects of diet on diversity in bacterial pellets isolated from the liquid (liquid-associated bacteria (LAB)) and solid (solid-associated bacteria (SAB)) phase of the rumen. The four experimental diets contained forage to concentrate ratios of 70:30 or 30:70 and had either alfalfa hay or grass hay as forage. Four rumen-fistulated animals (two sheep and two goats) received the diets in a Latin square design. Bacterial pellets (LAB and SAB) were isolated at 2 h post-feeding for DNA extraction and analysed by ARISA and DGGE. The number of peaks in individual samples ranged from 48 to 99 for LAB and from 41 to 95 for SAB with ARISA, and values of DGGE-bands ranged from 27 to 50 for LAB and from 18 to 45 for SAB. The LAB samples from high concentrate-fed animals tended (p < 0.10) to show greater peak numbers and Shannon index values than those isolated from high forage-fed animals with ARISA, but no differences were identified with DGGE. The SAB samples from high concentrate-fed animals had lower (p < 0.05) peak numbers and Shannon index values than those from animals fed high-forage diets with ARISA, but only a trend was noticed for these parameters with DGGE (p < 0.10). The ARISA detected that animals fed alfalfa hay diets showed lower (p < 0.05) SAB diversity than those fed grass hay diets, but no differences were observed with DGGE. No effect of forage type on LAB diversity was detected by any technique. In this study, ARISA detected some changes in ruminal bacterial communities that were not detected by DGGE, and therefore ARISA was considered more appropriate for assessing bacterial diversity of ruminal bacterial pellets. The results highlight the impact of the fingerprinting technique used to draw conclusions on dietary factors affecting bacterial diversity in ruminal bacterial pellets.

ACS Style

Cristina Saro; Eduarda Molina-Alcaide; Leticia Abecia; Maria Jose Ranilla; Maria Dolores Carro. Comparison of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques for analysing the influence of diet on ruminal bacterial diversity. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2018, 72, 85 -99.

AMA Style

Cristina Saro, Eduarda Molina-Alcaide, Leticia Abecia, Maria Jose Ranilla, Maria Dolores Carro. Comparison of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques for analysing the influence of diet on ruminal bacterial diversity. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2018; 72 (2):85-99.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Saro; Eduarda Molina-Alcaide; Leticia Abecia; Maria Jose Ranilla; Maria Dolores Carro. 2018. "Comparison of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques for analysing the influence of diet on ruminal bacterial diversity." Archives of Animal Nutrition 72, no. 2: 85-99.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

A. Díaz; M.J. Ranilla; C. Saro; M.L. Tejido; M. Pérez-Quintana; M.D. Carro. Influence of increasing doses of a yeast hydrolyzate obtained from sugarcane processing on in vitro rumen fermentation of two different diets and bacterial diversity in batch cultures and Rusitec fermenters. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017, 232, 129 -138.

AMA Style

A. Díaz, M.J. Ranilla, C. Saro, M.L. Tejido, M. Pérez-Quintana, M.D. Carro. Influence of increasing doses of a yeast hydrolyzate obtained from sugarcane processing on in vitro rumen fermentation of two different diets and bacterial diversity in batch cultures and Rusitec fermenters. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2017; 232 ():129-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Díaz; M.J. Ranilla; C. Saro; M.L. Tejido; M. Pérez-Quintana; M.D. Carro. 2017. "Influence of increasing doses of a yeast hydrolyzate obtained from sugarcane processing on in vitro rumen fermentation of two different diets and bacterial diversity in batch cultures and Rusitec fermenters." Animal Feed Science and Technology 232, no. : 129-138.

Research article
Published: 24 February 2017 in PLOS ONE
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The rumen is lined on the luminal side by a stratified squamous epithelium that is responsible for not only absorption, but also transport, extensive short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism and protection. Butyrate has been demonstrated to initiate the differentiation of the tissue following introduction of solid feed to the weaning neonate as well as affecting the metabolism of other nutrients and absorption of nutrients in in vitro experiments. The objective of the present study was to validate expression stability of eight putative reference genes bovine rumen, considering the intrinsic heterogeneity of bovine rumen with regard to different luminal characteristics due to direct infusion of butyrate to double the intra-ruminal content of the rumen liquor. Our focus was on identifying stable reference genes which are suitable to normalize real-time RT-qPCR experiments from rumen samples collected from clinical assays, irrespective of localization within the organ and the across physiological state. The most stably expressed genes included: ACTB, UXT, DBNDD2, RPS9, DDX54 and HMBS. Their high stability values suggest these reference genes will facilitate better evaluation of variation of across an array of conditions including: localization within the rumen, differences among cattle fed an array of rations, as well as response to development in the weaning animal. Moreover, we anticipate these reference genes may be useful for expression studies in other ruminants.

ACS Style

Jose V. Die; Ransom L. Baldwin; Lisa J. Rowland; Robert Li; Sunghee Oh; Congjun Li; Erin E. Connor; Maria-Jose Ranilla. Selection of internal reference genes for normalization of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis in the rumen epithelium. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0172674 .

AMA Style

Jose V. Die, Ransom L. Baldwin, Lisa J. Rowland, Robert Li, Sunghee Oh, Congjun Li, Erin E. Connor, Maria-Jose Ranilla. Selection of internal reference genes for normalization of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis in the rumen epithelium. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (2):e0172674.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose V. Die; Ransom L. Baldwin; Lisa J. Rowland; Robert Li; Sunghee Oh; Congjun Li; Erin E. Connor; Maria-Jose Ranilla. 2017. "Selection of internal reference genes for normalization of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis in the rumen epithelium." PLOS ONE 12, no. 2: e0172674.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Animal
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Rusitec fermenters are in vitro systems widely used to study ruminal fermentation, but little is known about the microbial populations establishing in them. This study was designed to assess the time evolution of microbial populations in fermenters fed medium- (MC; 50% alfalfa hay : concentrate) and high-concentrate diets (HC; 15 : 85 barley straw : concentrate). Samples from solid (SOL) and liquid (LIQ) content of fermenters were taken immediately before feeding on days 3, 8 and 14 of incubation for quantitative polymerase chain reaction and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis analyses. In SOL, total bacterial DNA concentration and relative abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens remained unchanged over the incubation period, but protozoal DNA concentration and abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and fungi decreased and abundance of methanogenic archaea increased. In LIQ, total bacterial DNA concentration increased with time, whereas concentration of protozoal DNA and abundance of methanogens and fungi decreased. Diet×time interactions were observed for bacterial and protozoal DNA and relative abundance of F. succinogenes and R. albus in SOL, as well as for protozoal DNA in LIQ. Bacterial diversity in SOL increased with time, but no changes were observed in LIQ. The incubated diet influenced all microbial populations, with the exception of total bacteria and fungi abundance in LIQ. Bacterial diversity was higher in MC-fed than in HC-fed fermenters in SOL, but no differences were detected in LIQ. Values of pH, daily production of volatile fatty acids and CH4 and isobutyrate proportions remained stable over the incubation period, but other fermentation parameters varied with time. The relationships among microbial populations and fermentation parameters were in well agreement with those previously reported in in vivo studies. Using 15N as a microbial marker or quantifying total microbial DNA for estimating microbial protein synthesis offered similar results for diets comparison, but both methods presented contrasting results for microbial growth in SOL and LIQ phases. The study showed that fermentation parameters remained fairly stable over the commonly used sampling period (days 8 to 14), but shifts in microbial populations were detected. Moreover, microbial populations differed markedly from those in the inocula, which indicates the difficulty of directly transposing results on microbial populations developed in Rusitec fermenters to in vivo conditions.

ACS Style

Iván Mateos; Maria Jose Ranilla; Cristina Saro; M. D. Carro. Shifts in microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters as affected by the type of diet and impact of the method for estimating microbial growth (15N v. microbial DNA). Animal 2017, 11, 1939 -1948.

AMA Style

Iván Mateos, Maria Jose Ranilla, Cristina Saro, M. D. Carro. Shifts in microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters as affected by the type of diet and impact of the method for estimating microbial growth (15N v. microbial DNA). Animal. 2017; 11 (11):1939-1948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iván Mateos; Maria Jose Ranilla; Cristina Saro; M. D. Carro. 2017. "Shifts in microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters as affected by the type of diet and impact of the method for estimating microbial growth (15N v. microbial DNA)." Animal 11, no. 11: 1939-1948.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 October 2016 in Journal of Animal Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of malate salts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on growth performance, carcass quality, ruminal fermentation products, and blood metabolites in heifers raised under southern Europe practical farm conditions. A total of 108 Charolaise cross heifers (214 ± 27.3 kg BW and 6.4 ± 1.1 mo of age) were housed in 18 pens of 6 animals each and used in a 114-d feedlot study. There was a totally randomized experimental design, and 6 pens were assigned to each of the following experimental diets: a control (no supplementation), the control plus 4 g of disodium/calcium malate mixture per kilogram of concentrate (2.12 g malate/kg), and the control plus 0.15 g of S. cerevisiae CBS 493.94 per kilogram of concentrate (1.5 × 108 cfu/kg). The control diet consisted of wheat–barley–based pelleted concentrate (32% starch, DM basis) and full-length barley straw. Concentrate and straw were fed separately ad libitum (5% orts) in an 88:12 ratio. On Days 0, 56, and 114, ruminal fluid and blood samples were obtained from each heifer between 2 and 2.5 h after the morning feeding by ruminocentesis and tail venipuncture, respectively. Body weight, concentrate ADFI, and G:F were recorded at 28, 56, 84, and 114 d. At slaughter, hot carcass weight and yield and carcass classification were determined in 2 representative heifers per pen (12 animals per dietary treatment). Supplementation with malate salts or S. cerevisiae did not affect concentrate ADFI (P = 0.98), ADG (P = 0.74), or G:F (P = 0.50) at any time during the experiment. At slaughter, there were no differences in carcass weight (P = 0.86), classification (P = 0.18), or carcass yield (P = 0.84) among experimental groups. Also, there were no differences treatments on ruminal pH (P = 0.24), ruminal fermentation products (P = 0.69, P = 0.88, and P = 0.93 for total VFA, NH3–N, and lactate, respectively), and blood metabolites (P = 0.96, P = 0.82, and P = 0.15 for glucose, urea N, and lactate, respectively). In conclusion, under the feeding and management conditions of this study, diet supplementation with malate salts or S. cerevisiae did not have any significant effects on growth performance, carcass quality, ruminal fermentation products, and blood metabolites. Copyright © 2016. American Society of Animal Science.

ACS Style

C. Carrasco; P. Medel; A. Fuentetaja; Maria Jose Ranilla; Maria Dolores Carro. Effect of disodium/calcium malate or Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality, ruminal fermentation products, and blood metabolites of heifers1. Journal of Animal Science 2016, 94, 4315 -4325.

AMA Style

C. Carrasco, P. Medel, A. Fuentetaja, Maria Jose Ranilla, Maria Dolores Carro. Effect of disodium/calcium malate or Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality, ruminal fermentation products, and blood metabolites of heifers1. Journal of Animal Science. 2016; 94 (10):4315-4325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Carrasco; P. Medel; A. Fuentetaja; Maria Jose Ranilla; Maria Dolores Carro. 2016. "Effect of disodium/calcium malate or Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality, ruminal fermentation products, and blood metabolites of heifers1." Journal of Animal Science 94, no. 10: 4315-4325.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

11 páginas, 6 tablas, 3 figuras.Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of Next Enhance® 300 (NE300; cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil encapsulated product) on rumen fermentation and milk production of dairy cows. In experiment 1, batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of increasing concentrations of NE300 (0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) on ruminal fermentation in 24 h in vitro incubations. All tested doses decreased (P < 0.05) methane production, but the dose of 400 mg/L also reduced the production of volatile fatty acid (VFA). The addition of NE300 at 300 mg/L produced the most beneficial effects, reducing methane production, acetate proportion, and ammonia-N concentration, and increasing propionate proportion compared with CON, without affecting total VFA production. These results would indicate a potentially greater supply of energy for the host animal. In experiment 2, sixteen lactating dairy cows (8 rumen-cannulated) participated in a switch-back design with three 4-wk periods and 2 treatments: control (CON, unsupplemented) and NE300 (300 mg NE300/cow/d). Milk yield response was affected by a 3-way interaction among treatment, parity, and days on treatment; after 15 d on treatment, multiparous cows on NE300 produced more milk (approximately additional 3 kg/d) than multiparous cows on CON. Total rumen VFA concentrations tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in NE300 than in CON when rumen fermentation kinetics were evaluated at the end of each period (day 28). It is concluded that NE300 modifies ruminal fermentation resulting in increased milk yield in multiparous lactating dairy cows after 15 d of adaptation. © 2016This research was partially funded by Novus Int. Inc., St Charles, MO.Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

M. Blanch; Maria Dolores Carro; Maria Jose Ranilla; A. Viso; M. Vázquez-Añón; A. Bach. Influence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen fermentation, feeding behavior and performance of lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2016, 219, 313 -323.

AMA Style

M. Blanch, Maria Dolores Carro, Maria Jose Ranilla, A. Viso, M. Vázquez-Añón, A. Bach. Influence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen fermentation, feeding behavior and performance of lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2016; 219 ():313-323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Blanch; Maria Dolores Carro; Maria Jose Ranilla; A. Viso; M. Vázquez-Añón; A. Bach. 2016. "Influence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen fermentation, feeding behavior and performance of lactating dairy cows." Animal Feed Science and Technology 219, no. : 313-323.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The in vitro batch culture technique is being increasingly used to study rumen fermentation, but the results are affected by several factors, being the source of the inoculum one of the most relevant. This work was conducted to assess the effects of different processing methods of ruminal contents on microbial populations in the obtained fluid, and its influence on fermentation parameters when the fluid was used as inoculum for in vitro incubations. Rumen contents were obtained from four rumen-fistulated sheep fed a 2:1 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet and subjected to the following treatments: SQ: squeezed through four layers of cheesecloth; FL: SQ treatment and further filtration through a 100-μm nylon cloth; STO: blended for three min at 230 rev min−1 in a Stomacher® and further filtrations as in SQ. Microbial populations’ abundance and bacterial diversity in the ruminal fluids were analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), respectively. Three forages (alfalfa hay, grass hay and barley straw) were incubated in vitro, either alone or mixed with concentrate (1:1), using each of the ruminal fluids as inoculum. There were no differences between SQ and FL methods in any of the microbial populations analysed, but STO increased the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus albus (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of protozoal DNA compared with SQ. Bacterial diversity was not affected (P > 0.05) by the processing methods. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between the processing method and the characteristics of the substrates for any of the fermentation parameters analysed. Compared with SQ, the STO method resulted in greater (P < 0.05) methane production and ammonia-N concentrations in 8 h incubations. After 24 h of incubation, the use of STO inoculum increased (P < 0.05) methane production and dry matter degradability compared with SQ, with no differences in the rest of the parameters. No differences between SQ and FL methods were detected in any parameter. The results show that stomaching the rumen contents prior to inoculation of in vitro cultures modified some microbial populations, but had only subtle effects on fermentation parameters.

ACS Style

I. Mateos; Maria Jose Ranilla; M. Ramos; C. Saro; M.D. Carro. Influence of rumen contents’ processing method on microbial populations in the fluid and subsequent in vitro fermentation of substrates of variable composition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2016, 220, 109 -120.

AMA Style

I. Mateos, Maria Jose Ranilla, M. Ramos, C. Saro, M.D. Carro. Influence of rumen contents’ processing method on microbial populations in the fluid and subsequent in vitro fermentation of substrates of variable composition. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2016; 220 ():109-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Mateos; Maria Jose Ranilla; M. Ramos; C. Saro; M.D. Carro. 2016. "Influence of rumen contents’ processing method on microbial populations in the fluid and subsequent in vitro fermentation of substrates of variable composition." Animal Feed Science and Technology 220, no. : 109-120.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2015 in The Journal of Agricultural Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

SUMMARYThe objective of the current study was to assess how closely batch cultures (BC) of rumen microorganisms can mimic the dietary differences in fermentation characteristics found in the rumen, and to analyse changes in bacterial diversity over the in vitro incubation period. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep were fed four diets having forage : concentrate ratios (FCR) of 70 : 30 or 30 : 70, with either alfalfa hay or grass hay as forage. Rumen fluid from each sheep was used to inoculate BC containing the same diet fed to the donor sheep, and the main rumen fermentation parameters were determined after 24 h of incubation. There were differences between BC and sheep in the magnitude of most measured parameters, but BC detected differences among diets due to forage type similar to those found in sheep. In contrast, BC did not reproduce the dietary differences due to FCR found in sheep for pH, degradability of neutral detergent fibre and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. There were differences between systems in the magnitude of most determined parameters and BC showed higher pH values and NH3–N concentrations, but lower fibre degradability and VFA and lactate concentrations compared with sheep. There were significant relationships between in vivo and in vitro values for molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate, and the acetate : propionate ratio. The automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid showed that FCR had no effect on bacterial diversity either in the sheep rumen fluid used as inoculum (IN) or in BC samples. In contrast, bacterial diversity was greater with alfalfa hay diets than those with grass hay in the IN, but was unaffected by forage type in the BC. Similarity index between the bacterial communities in the inocula and those in the BC ranged from 67·2 to 74·7%, and was unaffected by diet characteristics. Bacterial diversity was lower in BC than in the inocula with 14 peaks out of a total of 181 detected in the ARISA electropherograms never appearing in BC samples, which suggests that incubation conditions in the BC may have caused a selection of some bacterial strains. However, each BC sample showed the highest similarity index with its corresponding rumen IN, which highlights the importance of using rumen fluid from donors fed a diet similar to that being incubated in BC when conducting in vitro experiments.

ACS Style

I. Mateos; Maria Jose Ranilla; C. Saro; M. D. Carro. Comparison of fermentation characteristics and bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep and in batch cultures of rumen microorganisms. The Journal of Agricultural Science 2015, 153, 1097 -1106.

AMA Style

I. Mateos, Maria Jose Ranilla, C. Saro, M. D. Carro. Comparison of fermentation characteristics and bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep and in batch cultures of rumen microorganisms. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 2015; 153 (6):1097-1106.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Mateos; Maria Jose Ranilla; C. Saro; M. D. Carro. 2015. "Comparison of fermentation characteristics and bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep and in batch cultures of rumen microorganisms." The Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 6: 1097-1106.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2014 in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Article first published online: 10 MAR 2014.--11 páginas, 6 tablas.The effects of three treatments of fibrolytic enzymes (cellulase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (CEL), xylanase from rumen micro-organisms (XYL) and a 1:1 mixture of CEL and XYL (MIX) on the in vitro fermentation of two samples of Pennisetum clandestinum (P1 and P2), two samples of Dichanthium aristatum (D1 and D2) and one sample of each Acacia decurrens and Acacia mangium (A1 and A2) were investigated. The first experiment compared the effects of two methods of applying the enzymes to forages, either at the time of incubation or 24 h before, on the in vitro gas production. In general, the 24 h pre-treatment resulted in higher values of gas production rate, and this application method was chosen for a second study investigating the effects of enzymes on chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of forages. The pre-treatment with CEL for 24 h reduced (p < 0.05) the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of P1, P2, D1 and D2, and that of MIX reduced the NDF content of P1 and D1, but XYL had no effect on any forage. The CEL treatment increased (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production for all forages (ranging from 8.6% to 22.7%), but in general, no effects of MIX and XYL were observed. For both P. clandestinum samples, CEL treatment reduced (p < 0.05) the molar proportion of acetate and increased (p < 0.05) that of butyrate, but only subtle changes in VFA profile were observed for the rest of forages. Under the conditions of the present experiment, the treatment of tropical forages with CEL stimulated their in vitro ruminal fermentation, but XYL did not produce any positive effect. These results showed clearly that effectiveness of enzymes varied with the incubated forage and further study is warranted to investigate specific, optimal enzyme-substrate combinations.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support received from the Junta de Castilla y Leon (Pro- ject LE040A05), MICINN (Project AGL2008-04707- C02-02) and the MAE-AECID (Project A/4951/06). A. Dıaz and L.A. Giraldo gratefully acknowledge receipt of grants from the Spanish AECID and the Fundacion Carolina respectively. M.L. Tejido gratefully acknowledges a postdoctoral contract from Spanish CSIC (JAE-doc program).Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

A. Díaz; Maria Jose Ranilla; Luis Alfonso Giraldo; María L. Tejido; Maria Dolores Carro. Treatment of tropical forages with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes: effects on chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2014, 99, 345 -355.

AMA Style

A. Díaz, Maria Jose Ranilla, Luis Alfonso Giraldo, María L. Tejido, Maria Dolores Carro. Treatment of tropical forages with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes: effects on chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2014; 99 (2):345-355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Díaz; Maria Jose Ranilla; Luis Alfonso Giraldo; María L. Tejido; Maria Dolores Carro. 2014. "Treatment of tropical forages with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes: effects on chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 99, no. 2: 345-355.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Journal of Animal Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The aim of this study was to compare automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques to assess bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep. Sheep were fed 2 diets with 70% of either alfalfa hay or grass hay, and the solid (SOL) and liquid (LIQ) phases of the rumen were sampled immediately before feeding (0 h) and at 4 and 8 h postfeeding. Both techniques detected similar differences between forages, with alfalfa hay promoting greater (P < 0.05) bacterial diversity than grass hay. In contrast, whereas ARISA analysis showed a decrease (P < 0.05) of bacterial diversity in SOL at 4 h postfeeding compared with 0 and 8 h samplings, no variations (P > 0.05) over the postfeeding period were detected by DGGE. The ARISA technique showed lower (P < 0.05) bacterial diversity in SOL than in LIQ samples at 4 h postfeeding, but no differences (P > 0.05) in bacterial diversity between both rumen phases were detected by DGGE. Under the conditions of this study, the DGGE was not sensitive enough to detect some changes in ruminal bacterial communities, and therefore ARISA was considered more accurate for assessing bacterial diversity of ruminal samples. The results highlight the influence of the fingerprinting technique used to draw conclusions on factors affecting ruminal bacterial diversity.

ACS Style

Cristina Saro; Maria Jose Ranilla; A. Cifuentes; Ramon Rossello-Mora; Maria Dolores Carro. Technical note: Comparison of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to assess bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep1. Journal of Animal Science 2014, 92, 1083 -1088.

AMA Style

Cristina Saro, Maria Jose Ranilla, A. Cifuentes, Ramon Rossello-Mora, Maria Dolores Carro. Technical note: Comparison of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to assess bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep1. Journal of Animal Science. 2014; 92 (3):1083-1088.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Saro; Maria Jose Ranilla; A. Cifuentes; Ramon Rossello-Mora; Maria Dolores Carro. 2014. "Technical note: Comparison of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to assess bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep1." Journal of Animal Science 92, no. 3: 1083-1088.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2014 in Livestock Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

8 páginas, 4 tablas.Four ruminally cannulated sheep were used in a cross-over design to assess the changes in rumen fluid microbial populations during the feeding cycle as affected by the type of forage (FOR) in the diet. The two experimental diets contained 70% of either alfalfa hay (AL) or grass hay (GR) as FOR and 30% of concentrate. Sheep were fed the diets twice daily and samples from rumen fluid were taken at 0, 4 and 8h after the morning feeding. Ruminal pH, lactate concentrations and xylanase activity were not affected (P>0.05) by FOR, but concentrations of NH3-N and total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and carboxymethylcellullase (CMCase) and amylase activities were greater (P0.05) between protozoal numbers and total protozoal DNA concentrations was detected. Sheep fed GR had higher (P0.05) by FOR. Postprandial changes of DNA concentrations of all determined microbial populations were similar for the two diets. Total bacterial and protozoal DNA concentrations decreased (P0.05) were found between CMCase and xylanase activities and either the concentration of total bacterial DNA or the relative abundance of the three cellulolytic bacteria, but xylanase activity was positively correlated (P<0.05) with both protozoa numbers and protozoal DNA concentration. Although the postprandial evolution of fermentation parameters and microbes were similar for both forages, sheep fed the lower quality forage showed higher abundance of some cellulolytic bacteria and fungi, which could be interpreted as an adaptation to digest a more fibrous and complex forage.Funding was provided by the Spanish C.I.C.Y.T. (AGL2011-22628 and AGL2008-04707-C02-02). M.L.Tejido gratefully acknowledges a postdoctoral contract from Spanish CSIC (JAE-docprogram).Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

Cristina Saro; Maria Jose Ranilla; M.L. Tejido; Maria Dolores Carro. Influence of forage type in the diet of sheep on rumen microbiota and fermentation characteristics. Livestock Science 2014, 160, 52 -59.

AMA Style

Cristina Saro, Maria Jose Ranilla, M.L. Tejido, Maria Dolores Carro. Influence of forage type in the diet of sheep on rumen microbiota and fermentation characteristics. Livestock Science. 2014; 160 ():52-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Saro; Maria Jose Ranilla; M.L. Tejido; Maria Dolores Carro. 2014. "Influence of forage type in the diet of sheep on rumen microbiota and fermentation characteristics." Livestock Science 160, no. : 52-59.