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Steve W. Lyon
College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Resources, School of Environment and Natural Resources, OARDC—133 Williams Hall, Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA

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Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Water
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Detecting the impacts of forest cover changes on hydrology is challenging given uncertainties in how changes will manifest in observed streamflow. Considering changes in the rate of change of observed streamflow (e.g., recession characteristics) may offer insights to hydrological shifts driven by forest cover change that are not seen when considering absolute changes of streamflow itself. This study assesses the impacts of forest cover changes on the storage–discharge relationships in three meso-scale watersheds in the highlands of Ethiopia based on a 30-year hydro-climatic and land cover change dataset. We analyze streamflow recessions and fitted parameters of a linear reservoir model to depict fundamental shifts in the storage–discharge relation for these watersheds. Our analysis shows that recession slopes and the total storages increase as natural forest covers decrease in the 273 km2Woshi-Dimbira and 1980 km2Upper-Didesa watersheds. The linear reservoir model storage coefficient parameter shows an increasing trend with time for the 41 km2Sokoru watershed which is afforested, indicating faster drainage and reduction in storage. Our work highlights that considering storage–discharge relationships may be useful for assessing the impacts of forest cover change on water resources in regions where land use change is active and rapid.

ACS Style

Solomon Gebreyohannis Gebrehiwot; Lutz Breuer; Steve W. Lyon. Storage-Discharge Relationships under Forest Cover Change in Ethiopian Highlands. Water 2021, 13, 2310 .

AMA Style

Solomon Gebreyohannis Gebrehiwot, Lutz Breuer, Steve W. Lyon. Storage-Discharge Relationships under Forest Cover Change in Ethiopian Highlands. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Solomon Gebreyohannis Gebrehiwot; Lutz Breuer; Steve W. Lyon. 2021. "Storage-Discharge Relationships under Forest Cover Change in Ethiopian Highlands." Water 13, no. 16: 2310.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2020 in Land
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The preservation of soils which provide many important services to society is a pressing global issue. This is particularly the case in countries like Tanzania, which will experience rapid population growth over coming decades. The country is also currently experiencing rapid land-use change and increasing intensification of its agricultural systems to ensure sufficient food production. However, little is known regarding what the long term effects of this land use change will be, especially concerning soil quality. Therefore, we assessed the effect of irrigation and fertilization in agricultural systems, going from low intensity smallholder to high intensity commercial production, on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) concentrations and stocks. Soil sampling was conducted within Kilombero Plantations Ltd. (KPL), a high intensity commercial farm located in Kilombero, Tanzania, and also on surrounding smallholder farms, capturing a gradient of agricultural intensity. We found that irrigation had a positive effect on SOC concentrations and stocks while fertilization had a negative effect. Rain-fed non-fertilized production had no effect on soil properties when compared to native vegetation. No difference was found in concentrations of TN or TP across the intensity gradient. However, TN stocks were significantly larger in the surface soils (0–30 cm) of the most intensive production system when compared to native vegetation and smallholder production.

ACS Style

John Livsey; Edmond Alavaisha; Madaka Tumbo; Steve W. Lyon; Antonio Canale; Michele Cecotti; Regina Lindborg; Stefano Manzoni. Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents along a Gradient of Agricultural Intensity in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Land 2020, 9, 121 .

AMA Style

John Livsey, Edmond Alavaisha, Madaka Tumbo, Steve W. Lyon, Antonio Canale, Michele Cecotti, Regina Lindborg, Stefano Manzoni. Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents along a Gradient of Agricultural Intensity in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Land. 2020; 9 (4):121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Livsey; Edmond Alavaisha; Madaka Tumbo; Steve W. Lyon; Antonio Canale; Michele Cecotti; Regina Lindborg; Stefano Manzoni. 2020. "Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents along a Gradient of Agricultural Intensity in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania." Land 9, no. 4: 121.

Review
Published: 06 November 2019 in Water
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Education can help secure inclusive and resilient development around water resources. However, it is difficult to provide the latest science to those managing water resources (both now and in the future). Collectively, we hypothesize that dissemination and promotion of scientific knowledge using students as central agents to transfer theoretical knowledge into practice is an efficient way to address this difficulty. In this study, we test this hypothesis in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region as a representative case study region. First, we use a literature review to map a potential gap in research on education around water resources across the LAC region. We then review potential best practices to address this gap and to better translate water resources education techniques into the LAC region. Integral to these efforts is adopting students as agents for information transfer to help bridge the gap between the global state-of-the science and local water resources management. Our results highlight the need to establish a new standard of higher educational promoting exchange between countries as local populations are vulnerable to future shifts in climate at global scales and changes in land usage at regional scales. The new standard should include peer-to-peer mentoring achieved by jointly exchanging and training students and practitioners in water management techniques, increasing access to water data and pedagogic information across the region, and lowering administration roadblocks that prevent student exchange.

ACS Style

Steve W. Lyon; Peter Goethals; Petra Schneider; Luis Dominguez-Granda; Henrietta Hampel; Norris Lam; Indira Nolivos; Frido Reinstorf; Raymundo C. Rodríguez Tejeda; Raúl F. Vázquez; Long Ho. Improving Water Management Education across the Latin America and Caribbean Region. Water 2019, 11, 2318 .

AMA Style

Steve W. Lyon, Peter Goethals, Petra Schneider, Luis Dominguez-Granda, Henrietta Hampel, Norris Lam, Indira Nolivos, Frido Reinstorf, Raymundo C. Rodríguez Tejeda, Raúl F. Vázquez, Long Ho. Improving Water Management Education across the Latin America and Caribbean Region. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steve W. Lyon; Peter Goethals; Petra Schneider; Luis Dominguez-Granda; Henrietta Hampel; Norris Lam; Indira Nolivos; Frido Reinstorf; Raymundo C. Rodríguez Tejeda; Raúl F. Vázquez; Long Ho. 2019. "Improving Water Management Education across the Latin America and Caribbean Region." Water 11, no. 11: 2318.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a crucial role in integrated water resources planning, development and management, especially in tropical and arid regions. Determining ET is not straightforward due to the heterogeneity and complexity found in real-world hydrological basins. This situation is often compounded in regions with limited hydro-meteorological data that are facing rapid development of irrigated agriculture. Remote sensing (RS) techniques have proven useful in this regard. In this study, we compared the daily actual ET estimates derived from 3 remotely-sensed surface energy balance (SEB) models, namely, the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model, the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model, and the Simplified Surface Balance Index (S-SEBI) model. These products were generated using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery for a total of 44 satellite overpasses in 2005, 2010, and 2015 in the heterogeneous, highly-utilized, rapidly-developing and data-limited Kilombero Valley (KV) river basin in Tanzania, eastern Africa. Our results revealed that the SEBAL model had a relatively high ET compared to other models and the SSEBop model had relatively low ET compared to the other models. In addition, we found that the S-SEBI model had a statistically similar ET as the ensemble mean of all models. Further comparison of SEB models’ ET estimates across different land cover classes and different spatial scales revealed that almost all models’ ET estimates were statistically comparable (based on the Wilcoxon’s test and the Levene’s test at a 95% confidence level), which implies fidelity between and reliability of the ET estimates. Moreover, all SEB models managed to capture the two spatially-distinct ET regimes in KV: the stable/permanent ET regime on the mountainous parts of the KV and the seasonally varied ET over the floodplain which contains a Ramsar site (Kilombero Valley Floodplain). Our results have the potential to be used in hydrological modelling to explore and develop integrated water resources management in the valley. We believe that our approach can be applied elsewhere in the world especially where observed meteorological variables are limited.

ACS Style

William Senkondo; Subira E. Munishi; Madaka Tumbo; Joel Nobert; Steve W. Lyon. Comparing Remotely-Sensed Surface Energy Balance Evapotranspiration Estimates in Heterogeneous and Data-Limited Regions: A Case Study of Tanzania’s Kilombero Valley. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1289 .

AMA Style

William Senkondo, Subira E. Munishi, Madaka Tumbo, Joel Nobert, Steve W. Lyon. Comparing Remotely-Sensed Surface Energy Balance Evapotranspiration Estimates in Heterogeneous and Data-Limited Regions: A Case Study of Tanzania’s Kilombero Valley. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (11):1289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William Senkondo; Subira E. Munishi; Madaka Tumbo; Joel Nobert; Steve W. Lyon. 2019. "Comparing Remotely-Sensed Surface Energy Balance Evapotranspiration Estimates in Heterogeneous and Data-Limited Regions: A Case Study of Tanzania’s Kilombero Valley." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11: 1289.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2019 in Water
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Coupled change in land and water use due to increased farming intensity is a main factor affecting water quality and quantity, ecological functions and biodiversity globally. Prolonging growing seasons and increasing productivity in wetlands through irrigation have been targeted for increasing food security, particularly in developing countries. Nevertheless, irrigation and drainage have often been associated with degradation of water quality through increased agrochemical and fertiliser runoff and leaching at local scales. In this study, we investigated water quality in streams used for irrigation in a wetland area in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. We measured physical-chemical water parameters and collected macroinvertebrates with different sensitivity to water quality across several small irrigation schemes covering various conditions. Turbidity, temperature, nitrate-N, and ammonium-N were significantly higher at sampling sites downstream of irrigation compared to upstream. Macroinvertebrate diversity, richness and average score per taxa (ASPT) were higher in general in sampling sites upstream of irrigation, with more sensitive macroinvertebrates decreasing in abundance downstream. There was a positive correlation between physical-chemical parameters and macroinvertebrate indices across the sites. We demonstrate that macroinvertebrate indices can be used as a quick assessment of water quality in response to irrigation schemes in small-scale farming systems of Tanzania. This in turn can allow us to track changes affecting wetland ecosystem function and biodiversity at higher trophic levels and across larger scales, thereby providing useful early warnings to help avoid widespread degradation under widespread agricultural intensification.

ACS Style

Edmond Alavaisha; Steve W. Lyon; Regina Lindborg. Assessment of Water Quality Across Irrigation Schemes: A Case Study of Wetland Agriculture Impacts in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Water 2019, 11, 671 .

AMA Style

Edmond Alavaisha, Steve W. Lyon, Regina Lindborg. Assessment of Water Quality Across Irrigation Schemes: A Case Study of Wetland Agriculture Impacts in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Water. 2019; 11 (4):671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edmond Alavaisha; Steve W. Lyon; Regina Lindborg. 2019. "Assessment of Water Quality Across Irrigation Schemes: A Case Study of Wetland Agriculture Impacts in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania." Water 11, no. 4: 671.

Conference paper
Published: 05 September 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Establishing a reliable stage-discharge (SD) rating curve for calculating discharge at a hydrological gauging station normally takes years of data collection. Estimation of high flows is particularly difficult as they occur rarely and are often difficult to gauge in practice. At a minimum, hydraulicallymodelled rating curves could be derived with as few as two concurrent SD and water-surface slope measurements at different flow conditions. This means that a reliable rating curve can, potentially, be developed much faster via hydraulic modelling than using a traditional rating curve approach based on numerous stage-discharge gaugings. In this study, we use an uncertainty framework based on Bayesian inference and hydraulic modelling for developing SD rating curves and estimating their uncertainties. The framework incorporates information from both the hydraulic configuration (bed slope, roughness, vegetation) using hydraulic modelling and the information available in the SD observation data (gaugings). Discharge time series are estimated by propagating stage records through the posterior rating curve results. Here we apply this novel framework to a Swedish hydrometric station, accounting for uncertainties in the gaugings and the parameters of the hydraulic model. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of using only three gaugings for calibrating the hydraulic model on resultant uncertainty estimations within our framework. The results were compared to prior knowledge, discharge measurements and official discharge estimations and showed the potential of hydraulically-modelled rating curves for assessing uncertainty at high and medium flows, while uncertainty at low flows remained high. Uncertainty results estimated using only three gaugings for the studied site were smaller than ±15% for medium and high flows and reduced the prior uncertainty by a factor of ten on average and were estimated with only 3 gaugings.

ACS Style

Valentin Mansanarez; Ida K. Westerberg; Steve W. Lyon; Norris Lam. Estimating uncertainties in hydraulicallymodelled rating curves for discharge time series assessment. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 40, 06013 .

AMA Style

Valentin Mansanarez, Ida K. Westerberg, Steve W. Lyon, Norris Lam. Estimating uncertainties in hydraulicallymodelled rating curves for discharge time series assessment. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 40 ():06013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valentin Mansanarez; Ida K. Westerberg; Steve W. Lyon; Norris Lam. 2018. "Estimating uncertainties in hydraulicallymodelled rating curves for discharge time series assessment." E3S Web of Conferences 40, no. : 06013.

Preprint content
Published: 15 June 2018
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The cycling of carbon (C) between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is controlled by biological and abiotic processes that regulate C storage in biogeochemical compartments and release to the atmosphere. This partitioning is quantified using various forms of C-use efficiency (CUE) – the ratio of C remaining in a system over C entering that system. Biological CUE is the fraction of C taken up allocated to new biomass. In soils and sediments C storage depends also on abiotic processes, so the term C-storage efficiency (CSE) can be used. Here we first review and reconcile CUE and CSE definitions proposed for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms and communities, food webs, whole ecosystems, and soils and sediments using a common mathematical framework. Second, we identify general CUE patterns, such as the CUE increase with improving growing conditions, and apparent decrease due to turnover. We then synthesize > 6000 CUE estimates showing that CUE decreases with increasing biological and ecological organization – from unicellular to multicellular organisms, and from individuals to ecosystems. We conclude that CUE is an emergent property of coupled biological-abiotic systems, and it should be regarded as a flexible and scale-dependent index of the capacity of a given system to effectively retain C.

ACS Style

Stefano Manzoni; Petr Čapek; Philipp Porada; Martin Thurner; Mattias Winterdahl; Christian Beer; Volker Brüchert; Jan Frouz; Anke M. Herrmann; Björn D. Lindahl; Steve W. Lyon; Hana Šantrůčková; Giulia Vico; Danielle Way. Reviews and syntheses: Carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems – Definitions, theories, and empirical evidence. 2018, 2018, 1 -29.

AMA Style

Stefano Manzoni, Petr Čapek, Philipp Porada, Martin Thurner, Mattias Winterdahl, Christian Beer, Volker Brüchert, Jan Frouz, Anke M. Herrmann, Björn D. Lindahl, Steve W. Lyon, Hana Šantrůčková, Giulia Vico, Danielle Way. Reviews and syntheses: Carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems – Definitions, theories, and empirical evidence. . 2018; 2018 ():1-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefano Manzoni; Petr Čapek; Philipp Porada; Martin Thurner; Mattias Winterdahl; Christian Beer; Volker Brüchert; Jan Frouz; Anke M. Herrmann; Björn D. Lindahl; Steve W. Lyon; Hana Šantrůčková; Giulia Vico; Danielle Way. 2018. "Reviews and syntheses: Carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems – Definitions, theories, and empirical evidence." 2018, no. : 1-29.

Correction
Published: 16 April 2018 in Atmosphere
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Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. The authors would like to correct the published article [1], following the detection of editorial mistakes by the main author, as explained below

ACS Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris; Jan Seibert; Steve W. Lyon. Correction: Koutsouris et al. Utilization of Global Precipitation Datasets in Data Limited Regions: A Case Study of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Atmosphere, 2017, 8, 246. Atmosphere 2018, 9, 148 .

AMA Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris, Jan Seibert, Steve W. Lyon. Correction: Koutsouris et al. Utilization of Global Precipitation Datasets in Data Limited Regions: A Case Study of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Atmosphere, 2017, 8, 246. Atmosphere. 2018; 9 (4):148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris; Jan Seibert; Steve W. Lyon. 2018. "Correction: Koutsouris et al. Utilization of Global Precipitation Datasets in Data Limited Regions: A Case Study of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Atmosphere, 2017, 8, 246." Atmosphere 9, no. 4: 148.

Original articles
Published: 17 January 2018 in Hydrological Sciences Journal
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Large seasonal variability in precipitation patterns may help overcome data limitations and difficult conditions when characterizing hydrological flow pathways. We used a limited amount of weekly water chemistry as well as stable water isotope data to perform end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) in a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) framework in a sub-catchment of the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. While there were considerable uncertainties related to the characterization and mixing of end-members, some robust estimates could be made on contributions to seasonal streamflow variability. For example, there is a low connectivity between the deep groundwater and the stream system throughout the year. Also, a considerable wetting-up period is required before overland flow occurs. Thus, in spite of large uncertainties, our results highlight how improved system understanding of hydrological flows can be obtained even when working in difficult environments.

ACS Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris; Steve W. Lyon. Advancing understanding in data-limited conditions: estimating contributions to streamflow across Tanzania’s rapidly developing Kilombero Valley. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2018, 63, 197 -209.

AMA Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris, Steve W. Lyon. Advancing understanding in data-limited conditions: estimating contributions to streamflow across Tanzania’s rapidly developing Kilombero Valley. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2018; 63 (2):197-209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris; Steve W. Lyon. 2018. "Advancing understanding in data-limited conditions: estimating contributions to streamflow across Tanzania’s rapidly developing Kilombero Valley." Hydrological Sciences Journal 63, no. 2: 197-209.

Original articles
Published: 01 January 2018 in Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
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This empirical study explores shifts in stable water isotopic composition for a subarctic catchment located in northern Sweden as it transitions from spring freshet to summer low flows. Relative changes in the isotopic composition of streamflow across the main catchment and fifteen nested subcatchments are characterized in relation to the isotopic composition of precipitation. With our sampling campaign, we explore the variability in stream-water isotopic composition that originates from precipitation as the input shifts from snow to rain and as landscape flow pathways change across scales. The isotopic similarity of high-elevation snowpack water and early season rainfall water seen through our sampling scheme made it difficult to truly isolate the impact of seasonal precipitation phase change on stream-water isotopic response. This highlights the need to explicitly consider the complexity of arctic and alpine landscapes when designing sampling strategies to characterize hydrological variability via stable water isotopes. Results show a potential influence of evaporation and source water mixing both spatially (variations with elevation) and temporally (variations from post-freshet to summer flows) on the composition of stream water across Miellajokka. As such, the data collected in this empirical study allow for initial conceptualization of the relative importance of, for example, hydrological connectivity within this mountainous, subarctic landscape.

ACS Style

Steve W. Lyon; Stefan W. Ploum; Ype van der Velde; Gerard Rocher-Ros; Carl-Magnus Mörth; Reiner Giesler. Lessons learned from monitoring the stable water isotopic variability in precipitation and streamflow across a snow-dominated subarctic catchment. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 2018, 50, e1454778 .

AMA Style

Steve W. Lyon, Stefan W. Ploum, Ype van der Velde, Gerard Rocher-Ros, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Reiner Giesler. Lessons learned from monitoring the stable water isotopic variability in precipitation and streamflow across a snow-dominated subarctic catchment. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 2018; 50 (1):e1454778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steve W. Lyon; Stefan W. Ploum; Ype van der Velde; Gerard Rocher-Ros; Carl-Magnus Mörth; Reiner Giesler. 2018. "Lessons learned from monitoring the stable water isotopic variability in precipitation and streamflow across a snow-dominated subarctic catchment." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 50, no. 1: e1454778.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2017 in Atmosphere
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This study explored the potential for bias correction of global precipitation datasets (GPD) to support streamflow simulation for water resource management in data limited regions. Two catchments, 580 km2 and 2530 km2, in the Kilombero Valley of central Tanzania were considered as case studies to explore three GPD bias correction methods: quantile mapping (QM), daily percentages (DP) and a model based (ModB) bias correction. The GPDs considered included two satellite rainfall products, three reanalysis products and three interpolated observed data products. The rainfall-runoff model HBV was used to simulate streamflow in the two catchments using (1) observed rain gauge data; (2) the original GPDs and (3) the bias-corrected GPDs as input. Results showed that applying QM to bias correction based on limited observed data tends to aggravate streamflow simulations relative to not bias correcting GPDs. This is likely due to a potential lack of representativeness of a single rain gauge observation at the scale of a hydrological catchment for these catchments. The results also indicate that there may be potential benefits in combining streamflow and rain gauge data to bias correct GPDs during the model calibration process within a hydrological modeling framework.

ACS Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris; Jan Seibert; Steve W. Lyon. Utilization of Global Precipitation Datasets in Data Limited Regions: A Case Study of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Atmosphere 2017, 8, 246 .

AMA Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris, Jan Seibert, Steve W. Lyon. Utilization of Global Precipitation Datasets in Data Limited Regions: A Case Study of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Atmosphere. 2017; 8 (12):246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander J. Koutsouris; Jan Seibert; Steve W. Lyon. 2017. "Utilization of Global Precipitation Datasets in Data Limited Regions: A Case Study of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania." Atmosphere 8, no. 12: 246.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2017 in Water
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Information on aquifer processes and characteristics across scales has long been a cornerstone for understanding water resources. However, point measurements are often limited in extent and representativeness. Techniques that increase the support scale (footprint) of measurements or leverage existing observations in novel ways can thus be useful. In this study, we used a recession-curve-displacement method to estimate regional-scale aquifer transmissivity (T) from streamflow records across the Kilombero Valley of Tanzania. We compare these estimates to local-scale estimates made from pumping tests across the Kilombero Valley. The median T from the pumping tests was 0.18 m2/min. This was quite similar to the median T estimated from the recession-curve-displacement method applied during the wet season for the entire basin (0.14 m2/min) and for one of the two sub-basins tested (0.16 m2/min). On the basis of our findings, there appears to be reasonable potential to inform water resource management and hydrologic model development through streamflow-derived transmissivity estimates, which is promising for data-limited environments facing rapid development, such as the Kilombero Valley.

ACS Style

William Senkondo; Jamila Tuwa; Alexander Koutsouris; Madaka Tumbo; Steve W. Lyon. Estimating Aquifer Transmissivity Using the Recession-Curve-Displacement Method in Tanzania’s Kilombero Valley. Water 2017, 9, 948 .

AMA Style

William Senkondo, Jamila Tuwa, Alexander Koutsouris, Madaka Tumbo, Steve W. Lyon. Estimating Aquifer Transmissivity Using the Recession-Curve-Displacement Method in Tanzania’s Kilombero Valley. Water. 2017; 9 (12):948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William Senkondo; Jamila Tuwa; Alexander Koutsouris; Madaka Tumbo; Steve W. Lyon. 2017. "Estimating Aquifer Transmissivity Using the Recession-Curve-Displacement Method in Tanzania’s Kilombero Valley." Water 9, no. 12: 948.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Journal of Environmental Management
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This research aims to identify and communicate water-related vulnerabilities in transport infrastructure, specifically flood risk of road/rail-stream intersections, based on watershed characteristics. This was done using flooding in Värmland and Västra Götaland, Sweden in August 2014 as case studies on which risk models are built. Three different statistical modelling approaches were considered: a partial least square regression, a binomial logistic regression, and artificial neural networks. Using the results of the different modelling approaches together in an ensemble makes it possible to cross-validate their results. To help visualize this and provide a tool for communication with stakeholders (e.g., the Swedish Transport Administration - Trafikverket), a flood 'thermometer' indicating the level of flooding risk at a given point was developed. This tool improved stakeholder interaction and helped highlight the need for better data collection in order to increase the accuracy and generalizability of modelling approaches.

ACS Style

Astrid Michielsen; Zahra Kalantari; Steve W. Lyon; Eva Liljegren. Predicting and communicating flood risk of transport infrastructure based on watershed characteristics. Journal of Environmental Management 2016, 182, 505 -518.

AMA Style

Astrid Michielsen, Zahra Kalantari, Steve W. Lyon, Eva Liljegren. Predicting and communicating flood risk of transport infrastructure based on watershed characteristics. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016; 182 ():505-518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Astrid Michielsen; Zahra Kalantari; Steve W. Lyon; Eva Liljegren. 2016. "Predicting and communicating flood risk of transport infrastructure based on watershed characteristics." Journal of Environmental Management 182, no. : 505-518.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography
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In this short communication, we report on dissolved organic and inorganic carbon concentrations from a summer stream monitoring campaign at the main hydrological catchment of the Tarfala Research Station in northern Sweden. Further, we place these unique high‐alpine observations in the context of a relevant subset of Sweden's national monitoring programme. Our analysis shows that while the monitoring programme (at least for total organic carbon) may have relatively good representativeness across a range of forest coverages, alpine/tundra environments are potentially underrepresented. As for dissolved inorganic carbon, there is currently no national monitoring in Sweden. Since the selection of stream water monitoring locations and monitored constituents at the national scale can be motivated by any number of goals (or limitations), monitoring at the Tarfala Research Station along with other research catchment sites across Fennoscandia becomes increasingly important and can offer potential complementary data necessary for improving process understanding. Research catchment sites (typically not included in national monitoring programmes) can help cover small‐scale landscape features and thus complement national monitoring thereby improving the ability to capture hot spots and hot moments of biogeochemical export. This provides a valuable baseline of current conditions in high‐alpine environments against which to gauge future changes in response to potential climatic and land cover shifts.

ACS Style

Steve W. Lyon; Elin J. Jantze; Helen E. Dahlke; Fernando Jaramillo; Mattias Winterdahl. Why monitor carbon in high‐alpine streams? Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 2016, 98, 237 -245.

AMA Style

Steve W. Lyon, Elin J. Jantze, Helen E. Dahlke, Fernando Jaramillo, Mattias Winterdahl. Why monitor carbon in high‐alpine streams? Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 2016; 98 (3):237-245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steve W. Lyon; Elin J. Jantze; Helen E. Dahlke; Fernando Jaramillo; Mattias Winterdahl. 2016. "Why monitor carbon in high‐alpine streams?" Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 98, no. 3: 237-245.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
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The subarctic landscape is composed of a complex mosaic of vegetation, geology and topography, which control both the hydrology and biogeochemistry of streams across space and time. We present a synoptic sampling campaign that aimed to estimate dissolved C export variability under low-flow conditions from a subarctic landscape. The results included measurements of stream discharge and concentrations of both dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) for 32 subcatchments of the Abiskojokka catchment in northern Sweden. For these subarctic headwater streams, we found that DOC, DIC and CO2 concentrations showed significant variability (p < 0.05) relative to catchment size, discharge, specific discharge, lithology, electrical conductivity, weathering products, and the estimated travel time of water through the subcatchment. Our results indicate that neither vegetation cover nor lithology alone could explain the concentrations and mass flux rates of DOC and DIC. Instead, we found that mass flux rates of DOC, DIC, and CO2 depended mainly on specific discharge and water travel time. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the importance of studying lateral carbon transport in combination with hydrological flow paths at small scales to establish a knowledge foundation applicable for expected carbon cycle and hydroclimatic shifts due to climate change.

ACS Style

Elin J. Jantze; Hjalmar Laudon; Helen E. Dahlke; Steve W. Lyon. Spatial Variability of Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Carbon in Subarctic Headwater Streams. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 2015, 47, 529 -546.

AMA Style

Elin J. Jantze, Hjalmar Laudon, Helen E. Dahlke, Steve W. Lyon. Spatial Variability of Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Carbon in Subarctic Headwater Streams. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 2015; 47 (3):529-546.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elin J. Jantze; Hjalmar Laudon; Helen E. Dahlke; Steve W. Lyon. 2015. "Spatial Variability of Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Carbon in Subarctic Headwater Streams." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 47, no. 3: 529-546.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2015 in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
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This brief pilot study implements a camera‐based laser scanning system that potentially offers a viable, cost‐effective alternative to traditional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and LiDAR equipment. We adapted a low‐cost laser ranging system (SICK LSM111) to acquire area scans of the channel and bed for a temporarily diverted stream. The 5 m × 2 m study area was scanned at a 4 mm point spacing which resulted in a point cloud density of 5,600 points/m2. A local maxima search algorithm was applied to the point cloud and a grain size distribution of the stream bed was extracted. The 84th and 90th percentiles of this distribution, which are commonly used to characterize channel roughness, were 90 mm and 109 mm, respectively. Our example shows the system can resolve both large‐scale geometry (e.g., bed slope and channel width) and small‐scale roughness elements (e.g., grain sizes between about 30 and 255 mm) in an exposed stream channel thereby providing a resolution adequate for the estimation of ecohydraulic roughness parameters such as Manning's n. While more work is necessary to refine our specific field‐deployable system's design, these initial results are promising in particular for those working on a limited or fixed budget. This opens up a realm of laser scanning applications and monitoring strategies for water resources that may not have been possible previously due to cost limitations associated with traditional TLS systems.

ACS Style

Norris Lam; Marcus Nathanson; Niclas Lundgren; Robin Rehnström; Steve W. Lyon. A Cost-Effective Laser Scanning Method for Mapping Stream Channel Geometry and Roughness. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2015, 51, 1211 -1220.

AMA Style

Norris Lam, Marcus Nathanson, Niclas Lundgren, Robin Rehnström, Steve W. Lyon. A Cost-Effective Laser Scanning Method for Mapping Stream Channel Geometry and Roughness. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2015; 51 (5):1211-1220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norris Lam; Marcus Nathanson; Niclas Lundgren; Robin Rehnström; Steve W. Lyon. 2015. "A Cost-Effective Laser Scanning Method for Mapping Stream Channel Geometry and Roughness." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 51, no. 5: 1211-1220.

Communication
Published: 24 March 2015 in Water
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This pilot study explores the potential of using low-resolution (0.2 points/m2) airborne laser scanning (ALS)-derived elevation data to model stream rating curves. Rating curves, which allow the functional translation of stream water depth into discharge, making them integral to water resource monitoring efforts, were modeled using a physics-based approach that captures basic geometric measurements to establish flow resistance due to implicit channel roughness. We tested synthetically thinned high-resolution (more than 2 points/m2) ALS data as a proxy for low-resolution data at a point density equivalent to that obtained within most national-scale ALS strategies. Our results show that the errors incurred due to the effect of low-resolution versus high-resolution ALS data were less than those due to flow measurement and empirical rating curve fitting uncertainties. As such, although there likely are scale and technical limitations to consider, it is theoretically possible to generate rating curves in a river network from ALS data of the resolution anticipated within national-scale ALS schemes (at least for rivers with relatively simple geometries). This is promising, since generating rating curves from ALS scans would greatly enhance our ability to monitor streamflow by simplifying the overall effort required.

ACS Style

Steve W. Lyon; Marcus Nathanson; Norris Lam; Helen E. Dahlke; Martin Rutzinger; Jason W. Kean; Hjalmar Laudon. Can Low-Resolution Airborne Laser Scanning Data Be Used to Model Stream Rating Curves? Water 2015, 7, 1324 -1339.

AMA Style

Steve W. Lyon, Marcus Nathanson, Norris Lam, Helen E. Dahlke, Martin Rutzinger, Jason W. Kean, Hjalmar Laudon. Can Low-Resolution Airborne Laser Scanning Data Be Used to Model Stream Rating Curves? Water. 2015; 7 (12):1324-1339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steve W. Lyon; Marcus Nathanson; Norris Lam; Helen E. Dahlke; Martin Rutzinger; Jason W. Kean; Hjalmar Laudon. 2015. "Can Low-Resolution Airborne Laser Scanning Data Be Used to Model Stream Rating Curves?" Water 7, no. 12: 1324-1339.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Ecology and Society
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Elmhagen, B., G. Destouni, A. Angerbjörn, S. Borgström, E. Boyd, S. A. O. Cousins, L. Dalén, J. Ehrlén, M. Ermold, P. A. Hambäck, J. Hedlund, K. Hylander, F. Jaramillo, V. K. Lagerholm, S. W. Lyon, H. Moor, B. Nykvist, M. Pasanen-Mortensen, J. Plue, C. Prieto, Y. Van der Velde, and R. Lindborg. 2015. Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use, and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society 20(1): 23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07145-200123

ACS Style

Bodil Elmhagen; Georgia Destouni; Anders Angerbjörn; Sara Borgström; Emily Boyd; Sara A. O. Cousins; Love Dalén; Johan Ehrlén; Matti Ermold; Peter A. Hambäck; Johanna Hedlund; Kristoffer Hylander; Fernando Jaramillo; Vendela K. Lagerholm; Steve W. Lyon; Helen Moor; Björn Nykvist; Marianne Pasanen-Mortensen; Jan Plue; Carmen Prieto; Ype Van Der Velde; Regina Lindborg. Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use, and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society 2015, 20, 1 .

AMA Style

Bodil Elmhagen, Georgia Destouni, Anders Angerbjörn, Sara Borgström, Emily Boyd, Sara A. O. Cousins, Love Dalén, Johan Ehrlén, Matti Ermold, Peter A. Hambäck, Johanna Hedlund, Kristoffer Hylander, Fernando Jaramillo, Vendela K. Lagerholm, Steve W. Lyon, Helen Moor, Björn Nykvist, Marianne Pasanen-Mortensen, Jan Plue, Carmen Prieto, Ype Van Der Velde, Regina Lindborg. Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use, and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society. 2015; 20 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bodil Elmhagen; Georgia Destouni; Anders Angerbjörn; Sara Borgström; Emily Boyd; Sara A. O. Cousins; Love Dalén; Johan Ehrlén; Matti Ermold; Peter A. Hambäck; Johanna Hedlund; Kristoffer Hylander; Fernando Jaramillo; Vendela K. Lagerholm; Steve W. Lyon; Helen Moor; Björn Nykvist; Marianne Pasanen-Mortensen; Jan Plue; Carmen Prieto; Ype Van Der Velde; Regina Lindborg. 2015. "Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use, and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services." Ecology and Society 20, no. 1: 1.

Comparative study
Published: 01 January 2015 in Science of The Total Environment
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Identifying a 'best' performing hydrologic model in a practical sense is difficult due to the potential influences of modeller subjectivity on, for example, calibration procedure and parameter selection. This is especially true for model applications at the event scale where the prevailing catchment conditions can have a strong impact on apparent model performance and suitability. In this study, two lumped models (CoupModel and HBV) and two physically-based distributed models (LISEM and MIKE SHE) were applied to a small catchment upstream of a road in south-eastern Norway. All models were calibrated to a single event representing typical winter conditions in the region and then applied to various other winter events to investigate the potential impact of calibration period and methodology on model performance. Peak flow and event-based hydrographs were simulated differently by all models leading to differences in apparent model performance under this application. In this case-study, the lumped models appeared to be better suited for hydrological events that differed from the calibration event (i.e., events when runoff was generated from rain on non-frozen soils rather than from rain and snowmelt on frozen soil) while the more physical-based approaches appeared better suited during snowmelt and frozen soil conditions more consistent with the event-specific calibration. This was due to the combination of variations in subsurface conditions over the eight events considered, the subsequent ability of the models to represent the impact of the conditions (particularly when subsurface conditions varied greatly from the calibration event), and the different approaches adopted to calibrate the models. These results indicate that hydrologic models may not only need to be selected on a case-by-case basis but also have their performance evaluated on an application-by-application basis since how a model is applied can be equally important as inherent model structure.

ACS Style

Zahra Kalantari; Steve W. Lyon; Per-Erik Jansson; Jannes Stolte; Helen K. French; Lennart Folkeson; Mona Sassner. Modeller subjectivity and calibration impacts on hydrological model applications: An event-based comparison for a road-adjacent catchment in south-east Norway. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 502, 315 -329.

AMA Style

Zahra Kalantari, Steve W. Lyon, Per-Erik Jansson, Jannes Stolte, Helen K. French, Lennart Folkeson, Mona Sassner. Modeller subjectivity and calibration impacts on hydrological model applications: An event-based comparison for a road-adjacent catchment in south-east Norway. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 502 ():315-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zahra Kalantari; Steve W. Lyon; Per-Erik Jansson; Jannes Stolte; Helen K. French; Lennart Folkeson; Mona Sassner. 2015. "Modeller subjectivity and calibration impacts on hydrological model applications: An event-based comparison for a road-adjacent catchment in south-east Norway." Science of The Total Environment 502, no. : 315-329.

Journal article
Published: 08 December 2014 in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
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This study evaluates the ability of the Catchment SIMulation (CSIM) hydrologic model to describe seasonal and regional variations in river discharge over the entire Baltic Sea drainage basin (BSDB) based on 31 years of monthly simulation from 1970 through 2000. To date, the model has been successfully applied to simulate annual fluxes of water from the catchments draining into the Baltic Sea. Here, we consider spatiotemporal bias in the distribution of monthly modeling errors across the BSDB since it could potentially reduce the fidelity of predictions and negatively affect the design and implementation of land‐management strategies. Within the period considered, the CSIM model accurately reproduced the annual flows across the BSDB; however, it tended to underpredict the proportion of discharge during high‐flow periods (i.e., spring months) and overpredict during the summer low flow periods. While the general overpredictions during summer periods are spread across all the subbasins of the BSDB, the underprediction during spring periods is seen largely in the northern regions. By implementing a genetic algorithm calibration procedure and/or seasonal parameterization of subsurface water flows for a subset of the catchments modeled, we demonstrate that it is possible to improve the model performance albeit at the cost of increased parameterization and potential loss of parsimony.

ACS Style

Steve W. Lyon; Roya Meydani; Ype van der Velde; Helen E. Dahlke; Dennis P. Swaney; Carl-Magnus Mörth; Christoph Humborg. Seasonal and Regional Patterns in Performance for a Baltic Sea Drainage Basin Hydrologic Model. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2014, 51, 550 -566.

AMA Style

Steve W. Lyon, Roya Meydani, Ype van der Velde, Helen E. Dahlke, Dennis P. Swaney, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Christoph Humborg. Seasonal and Regional Patterns in Performance for a Baltic Sea Drainage Basin Hydrologic Model. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2014; 51 (2):550-566.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steve W. Lyon; Roya Meydani; Ype van der Velde; Helen E. Dahlke; Dennis P. Swaney; Carl-Magnus Mörth; Christoph Humborg. 2014. "Seasonal and Regional Patterns in Performance for a Baltic Sea Drainage Basin Hydrologic Model." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 51, no. 2: 550-566.