Accuracy is an important factor in air traffic management which is why high requirements are necessary for each navigation system. The aim of this article is to describe the principles of the RelNav system and telemetry and their accuracy. We present the algorithms of the relative navigation system, which could be used for air traffic control in the case of the unavailability of satellite navigation system signals. This article sums up the different positioning methods, and deals with the accuracy of the relative navigation system (RelNav). Furthermore, the article considers the factors that influence the positioning accuracy. For this task, a computer simulation was created to evaluate the accuracy of the telemetric method. Next, we discuss the principles of telemetry and algorithms for calculating the position of the flying object (FO).

The negative impact of air incidents and emergency situations results from the leakage of liquids into the soil and water and the leakage of flue gases and combustion products of aircraft structural materials into the air during fires. This article deals with air pollution caused by the combustion of composite materials commonly used in general aviation. Samples of composite materials of aircraft registered in the Czech Republic were selected. These samples of composite materials were tested for flammability, according to ISO 5660-1:2002 Reaction to fire tests—Heat Release, smoke production and mass loss rate (ISO—International Organization for Standardization). Total smoke release and total oxygen consumed were assessed in this study, both of which have a significant impact on air quality in the case of an air incident. Based on the results of the research, differences resulting from the diversity of the structures of the tested composite materials were found. The most hazardous composite material was evaluated from the point of view of its impact on air quality during combustion.

Accurate navigation systems allow us to optimize the trajectory of flying objects and thus solve environmental problems in aviation and their impact on public health. In this paper, we present one of the methods of assessment of accuracy and resistance to interference of distance-measuring equipment (DME). By using computer technology, the method enables us to determine the potential but also the real error measuring the distance of the flying object from DME. The credibility of the respective results of the solution on the task of DME optimal rangefinder synthesis depends on the accuracy of the previous data used, i.e., mathematical models of the respective flying objects flight dynamics, useful signals, and their parameters and interference. DME systems have an impact on air transport safety, and therefore the impact of interference on their operation must be investigated.

Queueing theory is currently a widely used method for optimizing activities not only in air transport but also in other sectors, in both production and the use of personnel. Using this theory, it is possible to simulate in advance various scenarios that may arise during aircraft handling, handling of passengers and their luggage, cargo, or in production lines. This article aims to point out the possibilities of modeling queueing systems in air transport using a simulation model. It applies the measured data from the airport to the created simulation model, analyzes the knowledge gained from the simulations, and then proposes improvements or elimination of problems that may arise during the process in order to dimension the most favorable number of parallel service desks. During this process, we chose to evaluate the criteria of the efficiency of service check-in desks in the passenger handling process at the international airport in Košice and Prague. The handling process at the airport in Košice for weekly flights to Warsaw and at the airport in Prague also for flights to Warsaw during one week in the summer of 2019 was analyzed in more detail. During modeling, five efficiency criteria were monitored, which were focused on the probability of passengers waiting and their time spent waiting for their handling at the check-in desk. However, in these experiments, only the time spent at the check-in desk was taken into account; the following security, passport, and other checks were not included. As part of the evaluation of the efficiency of the passenger handling process, it was concluded that the critical point in the optimization of the handling process is dimensioning the optimal number of check-in desks, which had the greatest impact on the speed and possibility of processing all requests that entered the system. Therefore, it is advisable to first choose the most suitable number of desks and then work with other parameters that are adapted to the individual requirements for optimizing the handling process at airports.

The trend of sustainable energy and the introduction of alternative types of fuel is a consequence of increasing environmental threats and growing climate problems. The presented review is focused on hydrogen technologies and their inclusion in the aviation sector to achieve the goal of zero emissions by 2050. The review gradually addresses the justification of the need to use alternative fuels to reduce the negative climate impact of transport, with a focus on the use of hydrogen The review also discusses problems related to established hydrogen technology, such as the need to build new infrastructure, aviation technology, or issues related to storage and safety. The final part describes the state of the current development of aviation hydrogen technology and the setting of individual national or international policies and measures related to this issue. The review offers a comprehensive view of the need for the inclusion and use of hydrogen technology in air transport. It does not deal exclusively with one area but with a wide spectrum of research covering the area from production to the application of hydrogen and technologies based on it in the aviation industry.

The paper focuses on the identification of “bottlenecks” in the passenger handling process at the airports. In the current era of digital transformation and the emergence of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 concepts, optimizing passenger flows through data-driven tools is becoming an essential part of intelligent airport management. While many solutions focus on high-end software or AI-based systems, this study demonstrates the value of preparatory models built in widely accessible platforms such as Microsoft Excel. A simulation model was developed to analyze check-in and security screening, integrating discrete event simulation (DES), queueing theory, and elements of Monte Carlo simulation. The model enables the segmentation of the handling process into key events, including probabilistically generated arrivals and service durations. Although the model is built in a basic environment, it serves as a prototype platform for potential integration into broader digitalization strategies, offering a preparatory framework for future implementation in more sophisticated systems.