Two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) are an attractive platform to develop new kinds of catalysts because of their structural tunability and large specific surface area that exposes numerous active sites. In this work, we report a general method to synthesize benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC)-based MOFs with hierarchical 3D morphologies composed of 2D nanosheets or nanoplates. In our proposed strategy, acetonitrile helps solvate the metal ions in solution and affects the morphology, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) serves as a shape-control agent to assist in the nucleation and growth of MOF nanosheets. PVP also acts as a depletion agent to drive the assembly of the hierarchical sheet/plate-like M-BDC under solvothermal conditions. Further, we also demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed method using numerous coordinating metal ions (M = Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zr). The potential of these MOFs for electrochemical glucose sensing is examined using the hierarchical sheet-like Ni-BDC MOF as the optimum sample. It drives the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose over a wide range (0.01 mM to 0.8 mM) with high sensitivity (635.9 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) in the absence of modification with carbon or the use of conductive substrates. It also demonstrates good selectivity with low limit of detection (LoD = 6.68 μM; signal/noise = 3), and fast response time (<5 s).

This article reviews recent fabrication methods for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with a focus on advanced nanoarchitecture based on noble metals with special nanospaces (round tips, gaps, and porous spaces), nanolayered 2D materials, including hybridization with metallic nanostructures (NSs), and the contemporary repertoire of nanoarchitecturing with organic molecules. The use of SERS for multidisciplinary applications has been extensively investigated because the considerably enhanced signal intensity enables the detection of a very small number of molecules with molecular fingerprints. Nanoarchitecture strategies for the design of new NSs play a vital role in developing SERS substrates. In this review, recent achievements with respect to the special morphology of metallic NSs are discussed, and future directions are outlined for the development of available NSs with reproducible preparation and well‐controlled nanoarchitecture. Nanolayered 2D materials are proposed for SERS applications as an alternative to the noble metals. The modern solutions to existing limitations for their applications are described together with the state‐of‐the‐art in bio/environmental SERS sensing using 2D materials‐based composites. To complement the existing toolbox of plasmonic inorganic NSs, hybridization with organic molecules is proposed to improve the stability of NSs and selectivity of SERS sensing by hybridizing with small or large organic molecules.

Although porous materials based on coordination compounds, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous coordination polymers (PCPs), have well-defined pore structures and promising properties, they can efficiently be prepared by conventional and facile methods. Among coordination compounds, Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBA) show high physical/chemical properties and potential as a multifunctional platform for various applications such as information records, sensing, batteries, biomedicine, imaging, and water purification. This review introduces versatile paths for nano- and meso-structural controls and demonstrates strong relationship between nanoarchitectures and properties with regard to PB and PBAs. This review will provide some guidance for future derivations of nanoarchitectonics based on coordination compounds which are PB and PBA.