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Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde
School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Journal article
Published: 31 January 2020 in European Journal of Operational Research
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Ongoing policy discussions on the reconfiguration of bidding zones in European electricity markets induce uncertainty about the future market design. This paper deals with the question of how this uncertainty affects market participants and their long-run investment decisions in generation and transmission capacity. Generalizing the literature on pro-active network expansion planning, we propose a stochastic multilevel model which incorporates generation capacity investment, network expansion, and market operation, taking into account uncertainty about the future bidding zone configuration. Using a stylized two-node network, we disentangle different effects that uncertainty has on market outcomes. If there is a possibility that future bidding zone configurations provide improved regional price signals, welfare gains materialize even if the change does not actually take place. As a consequence, welfare gains of an actual change of the bidding zone configuration are substantially lower due to those anticipatory effects. Additionally, we show substantial distributional effects in terms of both expected gains and risks, between producers and consumers and between different generation technologies.

ACS Style

M. Ambrosius; J. Egerer; V. Grimm; A.H. van der Weijde. Uncertain bidding zone configurations: The role of expectations for transmission and generation capacity expansion. European Journal of Operational Research 2020, 285, 343 -359.

AMA Style

M. Ambrosius, J. Egerer, V. Grimm, A.H. van der Weijde. Uncertain bidding zone configurations: The role of expectations for transmission and generation capacity expansion. European Journal of Operational Research. 2020; 285 (1):343-359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Ambrosius; J. Egerer; V. Grimm; A.H. van der Weijde. 2020. "Uncertain bidding zone configurations: The role of expectations for transmission and generation capacity expansion." European Journal of Operational Research 285, no. 1: 343-359.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2020 in Energy Economics
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We model simple and novel three-player bi-form coalitional games to analyse community energy projects in Chile and Scotland. We take into account two methods based on biform games, which deal with games with a non-empty Core and an empty Core, respectively, and construct models based on real-world data on community energy projects, net billing (or distributed generation) schemes, and ordinary utility contracts. We then use these to derive insights about the economic-strategic viability of community energy projects, in the sense of stability within the projects or coalitions and competitiveness versus the other schemes. Under some mild assumptions, we find that community energy projects can be the best strategy to follow for residential electricity customers in Scotland and Chile. Cost subsidisation can further improve community energy incentives. Moreover, after a statistical simulation, we find that community energy projects present more opportunities to be implemented in comparison with net billing schemes in both countries. We use these results to draw conclusions for the community energy sector and show that biform games can be a valuable tool to analyse increasingly complex electricity markets.

ACS Style

Fabián Fuentes González; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Enzo Sauma. The promotion of community energy projects in Chile and Scotland: An economic approach using biform games. Energy Economics 2020, 86, 104677 .

AMA Style

Fabián Fuentes González, Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde, Enzo Sauma. The promotion of community energy projects in Chile and Scotland: An economic approach using biform games. Energy Economics. 2020; 86 ():104677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabián Fuentes González; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Enzo Sauma. 2020. "The promotion of community energy projects in Chile and Scotland: An economic approach using biform games." Energy Economics 86, no. : 104677.

Conference paper
Published: 24 October 2019 in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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Offshore wind farms are subjected to a maximum export capacity set in their connection agreement with the Transmission System Operator (TSO). Generators can export up to their contracted maximum export capacity, with any additional generation curtailed by the TSO. However, given the fact that the majority of the time offshore wind farms are not generating at full power, overplanting wind farms by installing a higher wind farm capacity compared to the fixed electrical infrastructure can result in better overall economics despite power output being curtailed at generations' peaks. The objective of this paper is to provide a framework to assess overplanting in the design of offshore wind farms when the underlying variables, such as wind speed and availability rates among others, are uncertain. The paper integrates site characteristics, technology specificities and financing constraints grounded in the mathematical framework of uncertainty quantification at the heart of the decision-making process. Generally speaking, the role of determining the optimal amount of overplanting comes down to the risk appetite of the developer, which in this paper is represented by a linear combination of the risk aversion and risk neutrality setting. A case study for a commercial offshore wind farm shows a 2% optimal overplanting for a Monte Carlo simulation, whereas this is found at 4% for a double Monte Carlo loop simulation regardless of the risk appetite considered. Furthermore, overplanting the farm by any value from 2% to 8% gives a better result than with no overplanting for a risk neutral setting. This paper will be of interest to developers, policy-makers and regulatory bodies confronted with uncertainty in overplanting the design of offshore wind farms.

ACS Style

Esteve Borràs Mora; James Spelling; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde. How does risk aversion shape overplanting in the design of offshore wind farms? Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1356, 012026 .

AMA Style

Esteve Borràs Mora, James Spelling, Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde. How does risk aversion shape overplanting in the design of offshore wind farms? Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1356 (1):012026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esteve Borràs Mora; James Spelling; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde. 2019. "How does risk aversion shape overplanting in the design of offshore wind farms?" Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1356, no. 1: 012026.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2019 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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The search for new and more efficient global sensitivity analysis methods has led to the development of the PAWN distribution-based method. This method has been proven to overcome one of the main limitation of variance-based methods – the moment independent property. In this regard, the distribution-based method has outperformed the variance-based method for some highly-skewed or multi-modal distributions. However, despite its increasing popularity, there is a lack of understanding about the performance and properties of the distribution-based method. The benchmark presented in this paper is an attempt to remedy this. We compare the distribution-based method against the variance-based method for a set of well-known test functions. We show that, whereas the distribution-based method can be used as a complementary approach to variance-based methods, which is especially useful when dealing with highly-skewed or multi-modal distributions, it fails to rank different inputs that have different orders of magnitude in their contribution of the response.

ACS Style

Esteve Borràs Mora; James Spelling; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde. Benchmarking the PAWN distribution-based method against the variance-based method in global sensitivity analysis: Empirical results. Environmental Modelling & Software 2019, 122, 104556 .

AMA Style

Esteve Borràs Mora, James Spelling, Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde. Benchmarking the PAWN distribution-based method against the variance-based method in global sensitivity analysis: Empirical results. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2019; 122 ():104556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esteve Borràs Mora; James Spelling; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde. 2019. "Benchmarking the PAWN distribution-based method against the variance-based method in global sensitivity analysis: Empirical results." Environmental Modelling & Software 122, no. : 104556.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Energy Policy
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ACS Style

David Ribó-Pérez; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Carlos Álvarez-Bel. Effects of self-generation in imperfectly competitive electricity markets: The case of Spain. Energy Policy 2019, 133, 1 .

AMA Style

David Ribó-Pérez, Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde, Carlos Álvarez-Bel. Effects of self-generation in imperfectly competitive electricity markets: The case of Spain. Energy Policy. 2019; 133 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Ribó-Pérez; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Carlos Álvarez-Bel. 2019. "Effects of self-generation in imperfectly competitive electricity markets: The case of Spain." Energy Policy 133, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2019 in Energies
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Connection of a significant amount of distributed generation, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity, may lead to problems in distribution networks due to violations of distribution network hosting capacity (HC) limits. HC enhancement techniques, such as energy storage, could increase the allowable PV penetration level in the distribution network, reducing the need for transmission and large-scale generation expansion. However, current approaches for transmission and generation expansion planning do not account for distribution network HC limits. As a consequence, it is hard to quantify the impact and benefits of HC enhancement in the context of long-term grid expansion planning. This paper presents a novel integrated planning approach, combining a two-stage transmission and generation expansion planning model with a distribution network hosting capacity assessment, which allows for inclusion of detailed distribution network constraints We test this method on a stylized representation of the Malaysian grid. Our results show that distribution constraints have a significant impact on optimal transmission expansion plans and significantly increase overall system costs. HC enhancement in the form of battery storage does not significantly mitigate this but does lead to a cost decrease regardless of distribution network constraints. We also show how our approach can identify the key interactions between transmission and distribution networks in systems with high levels of renewable and storage technologies. In particular, HC enhancement with battery storage can act as a substitute or complement to line investment, depending on the renewable energy penetration, the storage location and the level of coordination in the network.

ACS Style

Syahrul Nizam Md Saad; Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. Evaluating the Potential of Hosting Capacity Enhancement Using Integrated Grid Planning modeling Methods. Energies 2019, 12, 3610 .

AMA Style

Syahrul Nizam Md Saad, Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. Evaluating the Potential of Hosting Capacity Enhancement Using Integrated Grid Planning modeling Methods. Energies. 2019; 12 (19):3610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syahrul Nizam Md Saad; Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. 2019. "Evaluating the Potential of Hosting Capacity Enhancement Using Integrated Grid Planning modeling Methods." Energies 12, no. 19: 3610.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2019 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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This study presents an overview of the relevant evidence available up to now regarding the Scottish experience in relation to the development of community energy projects. Scotland has a relevant number of community energy projects which are generating energy, improving the quality of life of communities through sustainable initiatives. This is the result of the implementation of successful policies to encourage community energy by the Scottish government (in comparison with other countries). On the contrary, the Chilean community energy sector is still incipient, despite some interest; public policies have been focused on fostering the concept of distributed generation. Chilean community energy developments have not been analysed in any detail; this paper is a first attempt to do so, and to derive lessons from the Scottish experience that can be useful to Chilean policy makers. We summarise and analyse the Scottish and Chilean community energy sectors and their developments. We further analyse the current Chilean net billing scheme using concepts from game theory, showing that it may not be the best support mechanism for citizen-led energy production developments. Based on these analyses, we define a list of policy recommendations for Chile, which can help further development in the community energy sector.

ACS Style

Fabián Fuentes González; Enzo Sauma; AdriaanHendrik van der Weijde. The Scottish experience in community energy development: A starting point for Chile. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 113, 109239 .

AMA Style

Fabián Fuentes González, Enzo Sauma, AdriaanHendrik van der Weijde. The Scottish experience in community energy development: A starting point for Chile. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 113 ():109239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabián Fuentes González; Enzo Sauma; AdriaanHendrik van der Weijde. 2019. "The Scottish experience in community energy development: A starting point for Chile." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 113, no. : 109239.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2019 in Applied Energy
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Financing costs for offshore projects depend, among many other variables, on the quality of mean wind speed predictions. Financial institutions determine the amount of debt that can be reasonably supported by the project, based on probabilistic cash flow metrics derived from estimated mean wind speeds. Within the offshore wind industry, it is widely believed that longer wind resource campaigns or more precise wind measurement devices that decrease mean wind speed uncertainty lead to lower LCOE values. This paper shows that this is not always true, while a decrease in mean wind speed uncertainty may result in better financing conditions, it typically requires higher development expenditure. We build a theoretical cost modelling framework, which includes detailed project financing constraints, and then apply this to an industrial case study to analyse project financing of different types of offshore wind farms. We show that developers need to find the right balance between a decrease in financing costs and an increase in development expenditure. For projects limited by the maximum gearing or with an unfavourable trade-off between the development expenditure and the increased P90 annual energy production, more precise resource estimation can result in higher LCOE values. This paper suggests a new way of understanding the effects of wind resource assessment campaigns by integrating project finance constraints into cost calculations and highlighting the importance of detailed cost modelling for optimal design of offshore wind farms.

ACS Style

Esteve Borràs Mora; James Spelling; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Ellen-Mary Pavageau. The effects of mean wind speed uncertainty on project finance debt sizing for offshore wind farms. Applied Energy 2019, 252, 113419 .

AMA Style

Esteve Borràs Mora, James Spelling, Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde, Ellen-Mary Pavageau. The effects of mean wind speed uncertainty on project finance debt sizing for offshore wind farms. Applied Energy. 2019; 252 ():113419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esteve Borràs Mora; James Spelling; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Ellen-Mary Pavageau. 2019. "The effects of mean wind speed uncertainty on project finance debt sizing for offshore wind farms." Applied Energy 252, no. : 113419.

Conference paper
Published: 30 December 2018 in Coastal Engineering Proceedings
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The deployment of renewable energy is regarded as a strategy to combat climate change. There have been a number of global agreements aiming to mitigate climate change, the most recent of which was the 2015 Paris Agreement. Often overlooked is the vast amount of marine renewable energy available around the world’s coastlines. In particular tidal range energy is a largely untapped resource which has benefits including reduced uncertainty through use of proven technology, a high level of predictability, the ability to phase shift energy to provide base load supply and a long expected life span (100 years). The key barriers to development of tidal range energy have been environmental concerns and high capital cost. Tidal lagoons are often presented as environmentally friendly alternatives to tidal barrages, but this does not mean their environmental impacts can be overlooked. Recent developments in the UK lagoon industry such as the awarding of a Development Consent Order to Swansea Bay tidal lagoon, mean it is now more important than ever to consider the environmental impacts of tidal lagoons and what solutions are available to address them. This is challenging considering there are no operational tidal lagoons in the world yet. This study aims to: 1. Identify the key impacts through industry engagement 2. Find available solutions through systematic review 3. Select and analyze solutions using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Ecosystem Service Valuation (ESV).

ACS Style

Kathryn MacKinnon; Helen C.M Smith; Francesca Moore; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Iraklis Lazakis. A SOLUTIONS APPRAISAL TOOL TO ADDRESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TIDAL LAGOONS. Coastal Engineering Proceedings 2018, 1, 73 .

AMA Style

Kathryn MacKinnon, Helen C.M Smith, Francesca Moore, Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde, Iraklis Lazakis. A SOLUTIONS APPRAISAL TOOL TO ADDRESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TIDAL LAGOONS. Coastal Engineering Proceedings. 2018; 1 (36):73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kathryn MacKinnon; Helen C.M Smith; Francesca Moore; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Iraklis Lazakis. 2018. "A SOLUTIONS APPRAISAL TOOL TO ADDRESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TIDAL LAGOONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 36: 73.

Review
Published: 05 November 2018 in Marine Policy
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Tidal lagoons are presented as an environmentally friendly alternative to tidal barrages. This does not mean that their environmental impacts can be overlooked. A UK government review recommended a pilot scheme lagoon go ahead, with careful environmental monitoring. Despite recent government rejection of a lagoon scheme, it is still more important than ever to consider environmental solution options for any future lagoon developments. There are no operating lagoons in the world and so their environmental impacts are not fully understood. However, there is a vast quantity of literature available from other industries addressing similar impacts in the coastal, ocean and river environments. This systematic review follows the PRISMA and CEE guidance. Using this methodology the available literature covering relevant solution options from other industries that could be applied to future lagoon developments was quantified. This presents an investigation into solution options only, giving a quantitative analysis of what resources are available, how this compares to industry understanding, where the expertise lies globally, what impacts are being addressed and how applicable the solutions are for lagoon application. This paper analyses the extent and relevance of this available research on solutions as a resource for the nascent lagoon industry. Over half of the solutions found in this review require only small shifts in development for them to be realistic solution options for the lagoon industry in the future. This review opens the door on a vast and valuable resource and justifies the need for further investigation into solutions for the lagoon industry.

ACS Style

Kathryn Elliott; Helen C.M. Smith; Fran Moore; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Iraklis Lazakis. A systematic review of transferable solution options for the environmental impacts of tidal lagoons. Marine Policy 2018, 99, 190 -200.

AMA Style

Kathryn Elliott, Helen C.M. Smith, Fran Moore, Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde, Iraklis Lazakis. A systematic review of transferable solution options for the environmental impacts of tidal lagoons. Marine Policy. 2018; 99 ():190-200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kathryn Elliott; Helen C.M. Smith; Fran Moore; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Iraklis Lazakis. 2018. "A systematic review of transferable solution options for the environmental impacts of tidal lagoons." Marine Policy 99, no. : 190-200.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Energy Policy
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In many developing countries power demand is much greater than can be met, leading to routine load shedding. Some policy must be chosen for the fair and efficient rationing of power, however, transmission constraints and unreliabile generation can make it difficult to achieve a particular allocation of power. We develop methods to quantify the trade-off between maximising the total amount of power delivered and distributing the available power in a fairer way. To do so, we model a common situation in which the system operator minimises load shedding, subject to exogenous proportional allocation targets for different regions. We then explore how the level of permitted deviation from the target affects the level of load shedding. This minimisation problem is mathematically challenging, but we develop an efficient solution method for it based on Lagrangian decomposition. We apply our methods to a case study of the Nigerian Power system and analyse the Pareto frontiers between efficiency and fairness obtained under different specifications of the problem. In our case study, we show that current Nigerian policies reduce the total amount of power delivered by up to 5%, but that enforcing policies over a longer time horizon substantially reduces this efficiency penalty.

ACS Style

Alastair Heggie; Dan Eager; Ken McKinnon; Adriaan H. Van Der Weijde. Power rationing in a long-term power shortage. Energy Policy 2018, 121, 202 -210.

AMA Style

Alastair Heggie, Dan Eager, Ken McKinnon, Adriaan H. Van Der Weijde. Power rationing in a long-term power shortage. Energy Policy. 2018; 121 ():202-210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alastair Heggie; Dan Eager; Ken McKinnon; Adriaan H. Van Der Weijde. 2018. "Power rationing in a long-term power shortage." Energy Policy 121, no. : 202-210.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Renewable Energy
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This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is freely available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.Tidal lagoons are an attractive renewable energy option that could aid the UK in meeting its ambitious renewable energy targets. One of the main barriers to tidal range development in the UK to date has been regulatory environmental concern. In order for the nascent lagoon industry to move forward into development, the views of the developers and other influential stakeholders such as government bodies, regulators, conservationists and practitioners (herein referred to as ‘influencing stakeholders’ or ‘influencers’) need to be aligned. This study is the first of its kind using online questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to present and compare the views of both developers and influencing stakeholders on the environmental interactions of tidal lagoons. We find that, whilst both influencers and developers are working towards the common goal of a good environmental outcome for tidal lagoons, there are mismatches in their views in terms of the priorities given to the key environmental impacts, benefits and potential solution options. The work provides insight into what is at the forefront of developers’ and influencers’ minds, highlighting the key themes within their views and transforming this information into policy recommendations that will help the industry’s development move forward.Thank you to all industry engagement participants. This article was written based on work conducted for an EngD, sponsored by Black & Veatch at the Industrial Doctoral Centre for Offshore Renewable Energy (IDCORE) [37] a consortium of the University of Exeter, University of Edinburgh and University of Strathclyde. IDCORE is funded by both the Energy Technologies Institute and the Research Councils Energy Programme (grant number EP/J500847)

ACS Style

Kathryn Elliott; Helen C.M. Smith; Francesca Moore; Adriaan H. van der Weijde; Iraklis Lazakis. Environmental interactions of tidal lagoons: A comparison of industry perspectives. Renewable Energy 2018, 119, 309 -319.

AMA Style

Kathryn Elliott, Helen C.M. Smith, Francesca Moore, Adriaan H. van der Weijde, Iraklis Lazakis. Environmental interactions of tidal lagoons: A comparison of industry perspectives. Renewable Energy. 2018; 119 ():309-319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kathryn Elliott; Helen C.M. Smith; Francesca Moore; Adriaan H. van der Weijde; Iraklis Lazakis. 2018. "Environmental interactions of tidal lagoons: A comparison of industry perspectives." Renewable Energy 119, no. : 309-319.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Energy Economics
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ACS Style

Francisco D. Munoz; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Benjamin F. Hobbs; Jean-Paul Watson. Does risk aversion affect transmission and generation planning? A Western North America case study. Energy Economics 2017, 64, 213 -225.

AMA Style

Francisco D. Munoz, Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde, Benjamin F. Hobbs, Jean-Paul Watson. Does risk aversion affect transmission and generation planning? A Western North America case study. Energy Economics. 2017; 64 ():213-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco D. Munoz; Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Benjamin F. Hobbs; Jean-Paul Watson. 2017. "Does risk aversion affect transmission and generation planning? A Western North America case study." Energy Economics 64, no. : 213-225.

Preprint
Published: 01 January 2017 in SSRN Electronic Journal
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ACS Style

Francisco Munoz; Benjamin F. Hobbs; Jean-Paul Watson; Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. Does Risk Aversion Affect Transmission and Generation Planning? A Western North America Case Study. SSRN Electronic Journal 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Francisco Munoz, Benjamin F. Hobbs, Jean-Paul Watson, Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. Does Risk Aversion Affect Transmission and Generation Planning? A Western North America Case Study. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Munoz; Benjamin F. Hobbs; Jean-Paul Watson; Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. 2017. "Does Risk Aversion Affect Transmission and Generation Planning? A Western North America Case Study." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.

Original paper
Published: 13 September 2016 in Energy Systems
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This paper evaluates how the effect of introducing a carbon emission tax and/or feed-in tariffs on capacity expansion decisions of generating companies varies depending on the number and size of competing firms and technical conditions of the network. To do so, it uses a Nash–Cournot model of the electricity market. This model is then applied to the IEEE 6-bus network. We study three cases: one with only a carbon tax consistent with current carbon prices; one with only a feed-in tariff consistent with current US levels, and one with simultaneous carbon taxation and feed-in tariff. We show that, at least in our case, the quantity of renewable capacity expansion and the electricity prices depend more significantly on the technical conditions of the network and the number of competitors in the market than it depends on the presence of economic penalties or incentives. We also show how interactions between imperfectly competitive markets and physical networks can produce counterintuitive results, such as an increase in consumer prices as a result of a reduction in network congestion. Our results imply that no two countries would experience the same effects from a policy on carbon tax and feed-in tariff if their electricity market does not have similarities in technical and competitive conditions.

ACS Style

Temitayo Oderinwale; Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. Carbon taxation and feed-in tariffs: evaluating the effect of network and market properties on policy effectiveness. Energy Systems 2016, 8, 623 -642.

AMA Style

Temitayo Oderinwale, Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. Carbon taxation and feed-in tariffs: evaluating the effect of network and market properties on policy effectiveness. Energy Systems. 2016; 8 (3):623-642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Temitayo Oderinwale; Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. 2016. "Carbon taxation and feed-in tariffs: evaluating the effect of network and market properties on policy effectiveness." Energy Systems 8, no. 3: 623-642.

Preprint
Published: 31 July 2014 in SSRN Electronic Journal
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This paper analyzes the effects of price differentiation and discrimination by a monopolistic transport operator, which sets fares in a congestible network. Using three models, with different spatial structures, we describe the operator’s optimal strategies in an unregulated market, a market where price differentiation is not allowed (i.e., ticket prices must be the same for all users), and a market where price discrimination is illegal (i.e., ticket prices must only differ with the marginal external costs of users), and analyze the welfare effects of uniform and non-discriminatory pricing policies. The three models allow us to consider three different forms of price differentiation and discrimination in networks: by user class, by origin-destination pair, and by route.We generalize the existing literature, in which groups usually only differ in their value of time, and hence, there is no distinction between differentiation and discrimination. In our models, users may also have different marginal external costs; we show how these two differences interact. We also show how non-differentiated and non-discriminatory policies may increase or decrease welfare, and that non-discrimination can be worse than non-differentiation. The network models show that results obtained for a single-link network can be generalized to a situation where operators price-discriminate or differentiate based on users’ origins and destinations, but not directly to a situation in which differentiation is based on route choices.

ACS Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. Price Differentiation and Discrimination in Transport Networks. SSRN Electronic Journal 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. Price Differentiation and Discrimination in Transport Networks. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde. 2014. "Price Differentiation and Discrimination in Transport Networks." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2013 in Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
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We analyze the behavior of market participants in a multi-modal commuter network, where roads are not priced, but public transport has a usage fee, which is set while taking the effects on the roads into account. In particular, we analyze the difference between markets with a monopolistic public transport operator, which operates all public transport links, and markets in which separate operators own each public transport link. To do so, we consider a simple dynamic transport network consisting of two serial segments and two parallel congestible modes of transport. We obtain a reduced form of the public transport operator's optimal fare setting problem and show that, even if the total travel demand is inelastic, serial Bertrand-Nash competition on the public transport links leads to different fares than a serial monopoly; a result not observed in a static model. This results from the fact that trip timing decisions, and therefore the generalized prices of all commuters, are influenced by all fares in the network. We then use numerical simulations to show that, contrary to the results obtained in classic studies on vertical competition, monopolistic fares are not always lower than duopolistic fares; the opposite can also occur. We also explore how different parameters influence the price differential, and how this affects welfare. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

ACS Style

Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Erik Verhoef; Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. Competition in multi-modal transport networks: A dynamic approach. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 2013, 53, 31 -44.

AMA Style

Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde, Erik Verhoef, Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. Competition in multi-modal transport networks: A dynamic approach. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological. 2013; 53 ():31-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Erik Verhoef; Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. 2013. "Competition in multi-modal transport networks: A dynamic approach." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 53, no. : 31-44.

Preprint
Published: 01 January 2013
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We compare three stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment models multinomial probit, nested logit, and generalized nested logit), using a congestible transport network. We test the models in two situations: one in which they have theoretically equivalent coefficients, and one in which they are calibrated to have similar traffic flows. In each case, we examine the differences in traffic flows between the SUE models, and use them to evaluate policy decisions, such as profit-maximizing tolling or second-best socially optimal tolling. We then investigate how the optimal tolls, and their performance, depend on the model choice, and hence, how important the differences between models are. We show that the differences between models are small, as a result of the congestibility of the network, and that a better calibration does not always lead to better traffic flow predictions. As the outcomes are so similar, it may be better to use computationally more efficient logit models instead of probit models, in at least some applications, even if the latter is preferable from a conceptual viewpoint.

ACS Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde; Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. Stochastic User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment with Price-sensitive Demand: Do Methods matter (much)? 2013, 1 .

AMA Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde, Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. Stochastic User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment with Price-sensitive Demand: Do Methods matter (much)? . 2013; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde; Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. 2013. "Stochastic User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment with Price-sensitive Demand: Do Methods matter (much)?" , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2012 in Energy Economics
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Aggressive development of renewable electricity sources will require significant expansions in transmission infrastructure. We present a stochastic two-stage optimisation model that captures the multistage nature of transmission planning under uncertainty and use it to evaluate interregional grid reinforcements in Great Britain (GB). In our model, a proactive transmission planner makes investment decisions in two time periods, each time followed by a market response. Uncertainty is represented by economic, technology, and regulatory scenarios, and first-stage investments must be made before it is known which scenario will occur. The model allows us to identify expected cost-minimising first-stage investments, as well as estimate the value of information, the cost of ignoring uncertainty, and the value of flexibility. Our results show that ignoring risk in planning transmission for renewables has quantifiable economic consequences, and that considering uncertainty can yield decisions that have lower expected costs than traditional deterministic planning methods. In the GB case, the value of information and cost of disregarding uncertainty in transmission planning were of the same order of magnitude (approximately £100. M, in present worth terms). Further, the best plan under a risk-neutral decision criterion can differ from the best under risk-aversion. Finally, a traditional sensitivity analysis-based robustness analysis also yields different results than the stochastic model, although the former's expected cost is not much higher. © 2012 Elsevier B.V

ACS Style

Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Benjamin F. Hobbs. The economics of planning electricity transmission to accommodate renewables: Using two-stage optimisation to evaluate flexibility and the cost of disregarding uncertainty. Energy Economics 2012, 34, 2089 -2101.

AMA Style

Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde, Benjamin F. Hobbs. The economics of planning electricity transmission to accommodate renewables: Using two-stage optimisation to evaluate flexibility and the cost of disregarding uncertainty. Energy Economics. 2012; 34 (6):2089-2101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde; Benjamin F. Hobbs. 2012. "The economics of planning electricity transmission to accommodate renewables: Using two-stage optimisation to evaluate flexibility and the cost of disregarding uncertainty." Energy Economics 34, no. 6: 2089-2101.

Preprint
Published: 01 January 2012 in SSRN Electronic Journal
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We analyse the behaviour of market participants in a multi-modal commuter network where roads are not priced, but public transport has a usage fee, which is set

ACS Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde; Erik T. Verhoef; Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. Competition in Multi-Modal Transport Networks: A Dynamic Approach. SSRN Electronic Journal 2012, 1 .

AMA Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde, Erik T. Verhoef, Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. Competition in Multi-Modal Transport Networks: A Dynamic Approach. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2012; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriaan Hendrik Van Der Weijde; Erik T. Verhoef; Vincent A.C. Van Den Berg. 2012. "Competition in Multi-Modal Transport Networks: A Dynamic Approach." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.