The present research is primarily concerned with examining the possible relationships between leadership style, organizational culture, and organizational learning in Isfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company, Iran. The target population included 10500 employees of the company. Cochran formula for finite population gave a sample size of 371. The required data were collected from a questionnaire distributed among the sample respondents using random cluster sampling. After performing confirmatory factor analysis, the collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) technique in LISREL software. The results supported the research hypotheses at 95 percent confidence, that is, leadership style had a positive and significant effect on organizational culture, and organizational culture, in turn, worked out a positive and significant effect on organizational learning. Further, the results indicated that organizational culture significantly mediated in the relationship between leadership style and organizational learning.

Background: The emerging ethical leadership, a unique approach in leadership viewpoint, has provided the ground for constructing and advancing individual and managerial efficiency by highlighting ethics in organizations. The present study aims to investigate the influence of Ethical Leadership on Subjective Wellbeing, Given the Moderator Job Satisfaction in Private Hospitals in Mashhad.Methods: This descriptive-correlational research design stud was conducted in 2015–2016 to inspect the possible effect of ethical leadership on subjective wellbeing and job satisfaction, as dependent and mediator variables, among the Iranian private hospitals’ nurses in Mashhad. Simple random sampling method was used to select the sample of 166 nurses out of the population of 730 nurses, in total. The valid and reliable adapted version of the questionnaire designed by Yang (2014) was used to collect the data, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data set.Results: The results showed that there is a positive significant correlation between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. More specifically, the findings indicated that Ethical leadership affected the subjective wellbeing of nurses through job satisfaction both directly and indirectly.Conclusions: The findings illustrated that focus on ethics and ethically-oriented leaders in hospitals, enriched by job satisfaction can lead to the nurses’ subjective wellbeing by providing them a positive climate.

Tourism development affects various aspects of a populace’s life, such as environmental, social, economic, and other areas. This study examines the effect of perceived tourism development on subjective happiness and quality of life among residents of Mashhad City, Iran. A sample size of 384 residents completed a survey. Data analysis was performed using WarpPLS. Results indicated that tourism development had an effect on the residents’ subjective happiness and quality of life (QOL) and the effects of social and micro economic factors on the residents’ subjective happiness and the effects of cultural, environmental, and macroeconomic factors on the resident’s QOL.

Obtaining accurate information from markets is highly dependent on the use of valid and reliable scales. This study is intended to assess validity and reliability of the CETSCALE, a measure of consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies, in the context of Iran. Data collected from 278 university students were used to examine the unidimensionality, internal consistency, discriminant validity, and nomological validity of the CETSCALE. The results confirmed the unidimensionality postulate of the scale; however, due to poor model fit, a more parsimonious scale was developed by removing 7 items. Reliability and discriminant validity of the CETSCALE were strongly supported by the data, although the support for nomological validity was not very strong.

The aims of the study were to identify the most relevant conceptualisation of the factor structure of the sponsor-sponsee fit in sport sponsorship using advanced statistical methods (bifactor model) recently introduced within the literature and examine which dimensions of the sponsor-sponsee fit construct were the strongest predictors of the overall sponsor-sponsee fit construct. A total of 270 participants from Iran completed a questionnaire on three sponsors of the Iranian national volleyball team. Indices-of fit and Yuan-Bentler likelihood ratio tests revealed that a model comprising nine dimensions of fit provided the best fit to the data across the three sponsors. Results of structural equation modelling analyses revealed that the specific dimension of explicitness was the strongest predictor of the overall measure of fit. Theoretical and managerial implications of the present results for the sport marketers have been discussed.

Over the last decade, digitalisation has been a subject of increasing attention among scholars and practitioners. The effect of culture and religion on advertisements, consumerism and marketing, is deniable. The main goal of this research is to present a comprehensive conceptual model based on cultural and religious diversity in digital marketing. This research mainly includes introduction creolisation concept and the elements (religion, music, clothes and custom) as the most important factor in digital advertisement and branding. In this regard, this study examines Instagram consumer products users from five different subcultures in Iran (Lor, Kurdish, Baluch, Arab and Azeri) and considers the impact of creolisation elements on digital advertising, brand identity and brand globalisation. Data were collected by sending 1200 questionnaire via email to subcultures and then analysed using LISREL software. Contribution: The results demonstrated that Islamic religion between participants affects their brand loyalty, therefore the Islamic worth in advertising is necessary. It was suggested that creolisation elements significantly affect digital advertisement, brand identity and brand globalisation. Consequently, all hypotheses were accepted. On the other hand, the impact of brand identity and digital advertisement on the brand globalisation was also confirmed. Discussion and managerial implications concerning creolisation were explained. Reason for retraction: The article, ‘Culture and religion creolisation impact on digital advertisement of Muslim users of Instagram’, by Mirvaisi and Kaffashpoor (2023), published online on 17 March 2023, has been retracted by the Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher, due to unreliable findings.