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Mr. Michał Kowalski
University of Lodz

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Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Energies
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The main purpose of this article was to determine the impact on the equilibrium of the local transport system from privileging EVs by permitting them to use bus lanes. The study used two sets of data: information on infrastructure and traffic management; and information on the recorded road network loads and traffic volumes generated by a given shopping centre—the E. Leclerc shopping centre (an important traffic generator within the city of Łódź, Poland). These sets were then used to develop a microsimulation traffic model for the shopping centre and the associated effects on the localised transport system. The model was constructed by means of the PTV Vissim software tool. An initial simulation was conducted that formed a basis for subsequent scenarios (in total, 17 simulations were performed). On the basis of the conducted analyses, it was established that—for the researched part of the transport system—privileging the still rather uncommon battery electric vehicles (BEVs) engendered a marginal deterioration of traffic conditions. At the same time, allowing BEVs to use bus lanes within the chosen research area had no negative impact on bus journey times.

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Paulina Kurzyk; Miroslava Mikušová; Szymon Wiśniewski. Privileging Electric Vehicles as an Element of Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility—Effects on the Local Transport System in a Large Metropolis in Poland. Energies 2021, 14, 3838 .

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał Kowalski, Paulina Kurzyk, Miroslava Mikušová, Szymon Wiśniewski. Privileging Electric Vehicles as an Element of Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility—Effects on the Local Transport System in a Large Metropolis in Poland. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3838.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Paulina Kurzyk; Miroslava Mikušová; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2021. "Privileging Electric Vehicles as an Element of Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility—Effects on the Local Transport System in a Large Metropolis in Poland." Energies 14, no. 13: 3838.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2021 in Land Use Policy
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The study presented herein focuses on determining the relationship between changes in the scale of economic losses between 1990–2018 which occurred in areas of high (10 %) and medium (1%) probability of flood occurrence as well as flood hazard areas due to the destruction of a stopbank, and changes in legislation affecting the spatial development of such areas within the said period. The analysis of changes in the development of flood hazard areas was conducted by means of the Corine Land Cover database. The results of the analysis were later used to evaluate potential economic losses on flood plains, and then spatiotemporal analysis was applied to identify areas with clusters of high and low loss values and the trends regarding their transformations. In consequence, the identification of municipality (Polish: gmina) clusters allowed us to verify the dependence of such transformations on those factors that could impact their intensity. For that purpose, we analysed the coverage of local spatial development plans for individual clusters. On the basis of the conducted studies, we concluded that the implemented legal solutions are not entirely effective, which has also been stated by the legislator. Nevertheless, the introduced legislative changes were beneficial, as the example of Poland shows. The implementation of the Floods Directive has, to a certain degree, decelerated the process of land use and its development in flood hazard areas.

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Sławomir Kobojek; Michał Kowalski; Marek Lewicki; Przemysław Tomalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. Changes in the spatial development of flood hazard areas in Poland between 1990 and 2018 in the light of legal conditions. Land Use Policy 2021, 102, 105274 .

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Sławomir Kobojek, Michał Kowalski, Marek Lewicki, Przemysław Tomalski, Szymon Wiśniewski. Changes in the spatial development of flood hazard areas in Poland between 1990 and 2018 in the light of legal conditions. Land Use Policy. 2021; 102 ():105274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Sławomir Kobojek; Michał Kowalski; Marek Lewicki; Przemysław Tomalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2021. "Changes in the spatial development of flood hazard areas in Poland between 1990 and 2018 in the light of legal conditions." Land Use Policy 102, no. : 105274.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Acta geographica Slovenica
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Recently, numerous countries have been facing the issue of population ageing, which poses a formidable challenge for many sectors, including transportation. Alas, there are no detailed or insightful studies that involve the analysis of the elderly, which is why the authors of this paper decided to research the issue to determine which features of mobility are common among senior citizens (aged 60+). In our study, we focused on Bałuty, a district located in Łódź. The applied research tool was an interview questionnaire which consisted of eight questions. Since transportation is a fundamental human need, maintenance of the mobility of the elderly at an acceptable level is crucial as it directly impacts the quality of their life. What is more, a change of motivation and mode of transport is recommended for this age group.

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Szymon Wiśniewski; Michał Kowalski. Daily mobility of the elderly: An example from Łódź, Poland. Acta geographica Slovenica 2020, 60, 57 -70.

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Szymon Wiśniewski, Michał Kowalski. Daily mobility of the elderly: An example from Łódź, Poland. Acta geographica Slovenica. 2020; 60 (2):57-70.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Szymon Wiśniewski; Michał Kowalski. 2020. "Daily mobility of the elderly: An example from Łódź, Poland." Acta geographica Slovenica 60, no. 2: 57-70.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Transport Problems
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ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał KOWALSKI; Szymon Wiśniewski; Adam Domagalski. THE USE OF THE ROADLOAD APPLICATION IN GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES OF FLOWS GENERATED BY INDIVIDUAL MODES OF TRANSPORT. Transport Problems 2020, 15, 227 -240.

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał KOWALSKI, Szymon Wiśniewski, Adam Domagalski. THE USE OF THE ROADLOAD APPLICATION IN GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES OF FLOWS GENERATED BY INDIVIDUAL MODES OF TRANSPORT. Transport Problems. 2020; 15 (4, Part 2):227-240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał KOWALSKI; Szymon Wiśniewski; Adam Domagalski. 2020. "THE USE OF THE ROADLOAD APPLICATION IN GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES OF FLOWS GENERATED BY INDIVIDUAL MODES OF TRANSPORT." Transport Problems 15, no. 4, Part 2: 227-240.

Articles
Published: 25 August 2020 in Environmental Hazards
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The article contains the evaluation of indirect impact, and more precisely, effects related to traffic disruptions and the resultant changes in transport accessibility following the occurrence of a flood. The applied purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate the differentiation in spatial traffic distribution and changes regarding (time and potential) accessibility in three flooding scenarios for the Warta Water Region (the scenario 10% and 1% probability of a flood occurrence, and for the total destruction of stopbanks) in Greater Poland. The research showed that the occurrence of disruptions from untypical flooding impacts both the change in spatial distribution of traffic load within the road network and the speed at which its users can travel therein. This indicates the need to simulate various flooding scenarios in order to be better prepared for the occurrence of such a natural disaster.

ACS Style

Szymon Wiśniewski; Michał Kowalski; Marta Borowska-Stefańska. Flooding and mobility: a polish analysis. Environmental Hazards 2020, 20, 300 -322.

AMA Style

Szymon Wiśniewski, Michał Kowalski, Marta Borowska-Stefańska. Flooding and mobility: a polish analysis. Environmental Hazards. 2020; 20 (3):300-322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Szymon Wiśniewski; Michał Kowalski; Marta Borowska-Stefańska. 2020. "Flooding and mobility: a polish analysis." Environmental Hazards 20, no. 3: 300-322.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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The main purpose of the article was to determine how vulnerable the accessibility to grocery shops is in the event of non-typical occurrences (floods) which impact the regular functioning of the road transport system. In order to accomplish this goal, a number of research methods were applied, including techniques for the identification of closures within the road network, the determination of the catchment area, and modelling the distribution of traffic flows. The proposed methods can be applied in modelling and simulating traffic both in regular conditions and in the event of a non-typical occurrence as the study involved integrated methods of combined probability theory of spatial integration and the determination of the catchment market area, the application of which would not be possible without access to and availability of a wide spectrum of sources. The study showed that non-typical events have a statistically noticeable impact on accessibility to grocery products.

ACS Style

Szymon Wiśniewski; Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Paulina Sapińska. Vulnerability of the accessibility to grocery shopping in the event of flooding. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2020, 87, 102510 .

AMA Style

Szymon Wiśniewski, Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał Kowalski, Paulina Sapińska. Vulnerability of the accessibility to grocery shopping in the event of flooding. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2020; 87 ():102510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Szymon Wiśniewski; Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Paulina Sapińska. 2020. "Vulnerability of the accessibility to grocery shopping in the event of flooding." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 87, no. : 102510.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Geografie
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This article has two major goals – a methodological and a research one. The former is the development of a method enabling the prediction of the load of the road network, while the latter focuses on determining the influence commuting has on the load of the road network and changes in travel time within the Łódź Voivodeship. For the purposes of this study proprietary we used software based on a greedy algorithm. The applied method in combination with the proprietary software returns good results when directions of traffic flows are under scrutiny. The assumptions made herein do simplify reality, a simplification which stems from the quality of the available data and the calculating capacity of computers. On the other hand, the research goal has only been partially reached with regard to the method applied in the article.

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. Changes in travel time and the load of road network, depending on the diversification of working hours: case study the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. Geografie 2020, 125, 211 -241.

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał Kowalski, Szymon Wiśniewski. Changes in travel time and the load of road network, depending on the diversification of working hours: case study the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. Geografie. 2020; 125 (2):211-241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2020. "Changes in travel time and the load of road network, depending on the diversification of working hours: case study the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland." Geografie 125, no. 2: 211-241.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Moravian Geographical Reports
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The impact of statutory Sunday retail restrictions on the transport behaviours of people living in the Polish post-socialist city of Lodz is investigated in this article. One carrier of information on journeys undertaken in the city is data from induction loops – a part of the city’s Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The second source of data is a two-stage questionnaire survey (concerning trading and non-trading Sundays) of the city’s inhabitants, aimed at defining any changes in their transport behaviours with reference to the introduction of retail restrictions. The research was conducted to assess the way in which the new statutory restrictions affect transport behaviour discharged after the political transformation. The results of the research conducted on the transport behaviours of Lodz residents indicate that the majority of their transport behaviours clearly depend on whether a given Sunday is a trading or non-trading day. The traffic load of the urban road network (perceived as the manifestation of residents’ spatial mobility) is characterised by a distinct changeability due to the legislative restrictions related to Sunday trading. There is both a time (daily and hourly) differentiation of traffic flows and a spatial changeability of the load in the urban space, when a comparative analysis is conducted of the results of observations made in the weeks preceding trading and non-trading Sundays. The study also demonstrates that the time previously devoted to Sunday shopping is currently spent not only at home, but also allocated to new (and until now unperformed) activities that often require travelling.

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. Changes in urban transport behaviours and spatial mobility resulting from the introduction of statutory Sunday retail restrictions: A case study of Lodz, Poland. Moravian Geographical Reports 2020, 28, 29 -47.

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał Kowalski, Szymon Wiśniewski. Changes in urban transport behaviours and spatial mobility resulting from the introduction of statutory Sunday retail restrictions: A case study of Lodz, Poland. Moravian Geographical Reports. 2020; 28 (1):29-47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2020. "Changes in urban transport behaviours and spatial mobility resulting from the introduction of statutory Sunday retail restrictions: A case study of Lodz, Poland." Moravian Geographical Reports 28, no. 1: 29-47.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG
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The aim of the conducted research was to assess how the elderly viewed the functioning of public transport, with Łódź, a large city in Poland, as the example. The data presented in the article originates from research of 400 inhabitants aged 60+ was conducted in the district of Bałuty in Łódź at the turn of November and December 2018. On the basis of the questionnaire survey (which contained questions concerning the use of local public transport by the over 60s for daily journeys and was accomplished by CAPI and MOBI methods) it was found that the over 60s have quite a high opinion of the offer of the municipal transport company MPK (they hardly ever use services of other carriers). As for the means of public transport, the tram is rated slightly higher compared to the bus. The results of the research enable the proposal of general recommendations for the transport policy in Łódź. This policy should be focused to a larger degree on: shortening the waiting time and, consequently, increasing the frequency of connections and punctuality, while continuing to provide high travel comfort, increasing the level of accessibility to stops and enhancing the clarity of information with regard to fare prices and exemptions.

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Martyna Maczuga; Bartosz Szustowski; Szymon Wiśniewski. Public transport in a big Polish city (as exemplified by Łódź) in the opinion of older persons. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 2020, 23, 15 -28.

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał Kowalski, Martyna Maczuga, Bartosz Szustowski, Szymon Wiśniewski. Public transport in a big Polish city (as exemplified by Łódź) in the opinion of older persons. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG. 2020; 23 (3):15-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Martyna Maczuga; Bartosz Szustowski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2020. "Public transport in a big Polish city (as exemplified by Łódź) in the opinion of older persons." Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 23, no. 3: 15-28.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2019 in European Spatial Research and Policy
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The article presents a forecast of changes in the level of transport accessibility and mobility in Poland as a result of the anticipated development of the network of expressways and motorways. The progress which has been made in this respect in the last few years in Poland is unquestionable and unrepeatable by any other European country. Will the subsequent investment plans concerning the road network of the highest parameters offer equally impressive results as far as the increase in Poland’s territorial cohesion is concerned? The aim of this article is to establish in what way the planned infrastructure investments will affect the changes in transport accessibility and mobility as well as whether they will result in the changes in traffic flows directed to Warsaw and other regional centres. To achieve this, an analysis of the present and target state of the road network in Poland was conducted from the perspective of changes in accessibility, anticipated traffic flows, and mobility. For this purpose the authors used the analyses of isochrone and accumulative accessibility in ArcMap environment and research into traffic flows and their changes in the Visum software. The conducted research showed that the planned transport network might result in induced traffic through a increase in accessibility (the central variant) with the assumption that an increase in mobility would be vented in the real face of the phenomenon of motility. The fact of opening new road sections of expressways will contribute to substantial changes in the directions of traffic flows only to a slight extent, and the only transformations concern regions with already developed fast car transport infrastructure whose functionality is limited due to the lack of its cohesion in the subsequent course or lack of a developed network of expressways and motorways.

ACS Style

Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. Transport accessibility and mobility: a forecast of changes in the face of planned development of the network of expressways and motorways in Poland. European Spatial Research and Policy 2019, 26, 151 -176.

AMA Style

Michał Kowalski, Szymon Wiśniewski. Transport accessibility and mobility: a forecast of changes in the face of planned development of the network of expressways and motorways in Poland. European Spatial Research and Policy. 2019; 26 (2):151-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2019. "Transport accessibility and mobility: a forecast of changes in the face of planned development of the network of expressways and motorways in Poland." European Spatial Research and Policy 26, no. 2: 151-176.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2019 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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The main purpose of this article was to develop a method of researching accessibility in the event of a flood through the application of measurement based on mobility. In the course of the research, it has been proven that changes in mobility (and the related travel speed) are too significant to be ignored when studying accessibility in unusual circumstances. The vast majority of existing accessibility studies rely primarily on speed models, which – in the event of a flood – do not indicate the external effects of the natural disaster. On the basis of the conducted research it has been stated that the occurrence of a flood has a significant impact on changes in the spatial distribution of traffic and its related speeds. Such changes vary depending on the particular means of transport. With the most commonly applied methods of measuring accessibility, which are customarily based on speed models, the changes we observed would not be recorded. The application of mobility-based research in the analyses of accessibility – especially in the event of a flood – indicates the disaster’s influence on the capacity of the road network, and thus, it allows for more effective flood-risk management. Furthermore, this article also demonstrates the possibility of applying source materials available in most member states of the EU, i.e., flood-risk maps and digital terrain models (NMPT), for the purposes of analysing and identifying road section closures within the transport network after the occurrence of a flood.

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. The Measurement of Mobility-Based Accessibility—The Impact of Floods on Trips of Various Length and Motivation. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8, 534 .

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał Kowalski, Szymon Wiśniewski. The Measurement of Mobility-Based Accessibility—The Impact of Floods on Trips of Various Length and Motivation. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8 (12):534.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2019. "The Measurement of Mobility-Based Accessibility—The Impact of Floods on Trips of Various Length and Motivation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 12: 534.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2019 in Biuletyn Uniejowski
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Artykuł przedstawia przegląd popularności Uniejowa na tle małych miast województwa łódzkiego oraz uzdrowisk o podobnym kierunku leczniczym. Zjawisko to mierzono liczbą wyszukiwań w wyszukiwarce internetowej Google. Poza wspomnianym wyżej przeglądem poddano analizie sezonowe zmiany odnajdywania Uniejowa w Internecie i zestawiono je z działaniami promocyjnymi prowadzonymi przez Urząd Miasta. Wyniki wskazują, iż Uniejów jest najbardziej znaną jednostką w gronie małych miast regionu łódzkiego oraz znaczącą, jak na długość funkcjonowania uzdrowiska i jego potencjał, miejscowością uzdrowiskową.

ACS Style

Paulina Kurzyk; Michał Kowalski. Popularność Uniejowa na tle małych miast regionu łódzkiego oraz konkurujących z nim uzdrowisk. Biuletyn Uniejowski 2019, 8, 77 -97.

AMA Style

Paulina Kurzyk, Michał Kowalski. Popularność Uniejowa na tle małych miast regionu łódzkiego oraz konkurujących z nim uzdrowisk. Biuletyn Uniejowski. 2019; 8 ():77-97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulina Kurzyk; Michał Kowalski. 2019. "Popularność Uniejowa na tle małych miast regionu łódzkiego oraz konkurujących z nim uzdrowisk." Biuletyn Uniejowski 8, no. : 77-97.

Articles
Published: 15 March 2019 in Environmental Hazards
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The main purpose of the article is to develop an optimisation pattern for the process of a preventive evacuation of people from flood-risk areas (at the first sign of a flood), aimed at mitigating the negative effects of the flood performed through the application of modern computer tools. It has been assumed that the use of both GIS tools and apps for vehicle traffic modelling (the research includes the use of a method developed by the authors) in emergency procedures implemented in response to a flood may increase the efficiency of the anti-flood campaign (here: the evacuation of residents from flooded areas), and thus, it may also minimise the negative effects of the flooding itself. The article distinguishes 14 stages of research, which were chiefly completed by means of the following methods: distance-based accessibility, cumulative accessibility, the Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method (E2SFCA) and the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method (2SFCA), the vehicle routing method, algorithms by Dinitz, Edmonds-Karp, and Ford-Fulkerson, and a comparative method applied to draw a comparison between the actual state of affairs and the optimum condition determined by the aforementioned methods.

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Filip Turoboś; Szymon Wiśniewski. Optimisation patterns for the process of a planned evacuation in the event of a flood. Environmental Hazards 2019, 18, 335 -360.

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał Kowalski, Filip Turoboś, Szymon Wiśniewski. Optimisation patterns for the process of a planned evacuation in the event of a flood. Environmental Hazards. 2019; 18 (4):335-360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Filip Turoboś; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2019. "Optimisation patterns for the process of a planned evacuation in the event of a flood." Environmental Hazards 18, no. 4: 335-360.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Prace Geograficzne
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Wewnętrzna samochodowa dostępność transportowa Łodzi w świetle pomiarów z Inteligentnych Systemów Transportowych

ACS Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. Wewnętrzna samochodowa dostępność transportowa Łodzi w świetle pomiarów z Inteligentnych Systemów Transportowych. Prace Geograficzne 2019, 2019, 7 -24.

AMA Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska, Michał Kowalski, Szymon Wiśniewski. Wewnętrzna samochodowa dostępność transportowa Łodzi w świetle pomiarów z Inteligentnych Systemów Transportowych. Prace Geograficzne. 2019; 2019 (159):7-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Borowska-Stefańska; Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2019. "Wewnętrzna samochodowa dostępność transportowa Łodzi w świetle pomiarów z Inteligentnych Systemów Transportowych." Prace Geograficzne 2019, no. 159: 7-24.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Przegląd Geograficzny
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ACS Style

Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. Centrum handlowe jako czynnik ruchotwórczy w transporcie samochodowym – przykład Portu Łódź = A shopping centre as a traffic-generating factor in car transport as exemplified by ‘Port Łódź’, Poland. Przegląd Geograficzny 2017, 89, 617 -639.

AMA Style

Michał Kowalski, Szymon Wiśniewski. Centrum handlowe jako czynnik ruchotwórczy w transporcie samochodowym – przykład Portu Łódź = A shopping centre as a traffic-generating factor in car transport as exemplified by ‘Port Łódź’, Poland. Przegląd Geograficzny. 2017; 89 (4):617-639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2017. "Centrum handlowe jako czynnik ruchotwórczy w transporcie samochodowym – przykład Portu Łódź = A shopping centre as a traffic-generating factor in car transport as exemplified by ‘Port Łódź’, Poland." Przegląd Geograficzny 89, no. 4: 617-639.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG
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Natężenie ruchu a zagospodarowanie Łodzi – zarys problematyki w świetle danych z Obszarowego Systemu Sterowania Ruchem

ACS Style

Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. Natężenie ruchu a zagospodarowanie Łodzi – zarys problematyki w świetle danych z Obszarowego Systemu Sterowania Ruchem. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 2017, 20 -36.

AMA Style

Michał Kowalski, Szymon Wiśniewski. Natężenie ruchu a zagospodarowanie Łodzi – zarys problematyki w świetle danych z Obszarowego Systemu Sterowania Ruchem. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG. 2017; (20(4)):20-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Kowalski; Szymon Wiśniewski. 2017. "Natężenie ruchu a zagospodarowanie Łodzi – zarys problematyki w świetle danych z Obszarowego Systemu Sterowania Ruchem." Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG , no. 20(4): 20-36.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2016 in Biuletyn Szadkowski
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Artykuł prezentuje zachowania wyborcze mieszkańców gminy Szadek w wyborach z 2015 r. na prezydenta RP oraz do sejmu i senatu. W ramach zachowań wyborczych przedstawiono frekwencję wyborczą oraz wyniki głosowań w rozbiciu w każdym z obwodów wyborczych oraz w ujęciu syntetycznym miasto–wieś. W artykule została podjęta próba wyjaśnienia zróżnicowania frekwencji wyborczej oraz przesunięć wewnątrz elektoratów.

ACS Style

Michał Kowalski. Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne zachowań wyborczych mieszkańców gminy Szadek w wyborach prezydenckich i parlamentarnych w 2015 roku. Biuletyn Szadkowski 2016, 16, 243 -256.

AMA Style

Michał Kowalski. Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne zachowań wyborczych mieszkańców gminy Szadek w wyborach prezydenckich i parlamentarnych w 2015 roku. Biuletyn Szadkowski. 2016; 16 ():243-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Kowalski. 2016. "Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne zachowań wyborczych mieszkańców gminy Szadek w wyborach prezydenckich i parlamentarnych w 2015 roku." Biuletyn Szadkowski 16, no. : 243-256.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2016 in Biuletyn Uniejowski
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Artykuł prezentuje zachowania wyborcze mieszkańców gminy Uniejów w wyborach z 2015 r. na prezydenta RP oraz do sejmu i senatu. W ramach zachowań wyborczych przedstawiono frekwencję wyborczą oraz wyniki głosowań w rozbiciu na każdy z obwodów wyborczych oraz w ujęciu syntetycznym miasto–wieś. W opracowaniu dokonano próby wyjaśnienia zróżnicowania frekwencji wyborczej oraz przesunięć wewnątrz elektoratów.

ACS Style

Michał Kowalski; Maciej Rożniata. Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne zachowań wyborczych mieszkańców gminy Uniejów w wyborach prezydenckich i parlamentarnych w 2015 roku. Biuletyn Uniejowski 2016, 129 -142.

AMA Style

Michał Kowalski, Maciej Rożniata. Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne zachowań wyborczych mieszkańców gminy Uniejów w wyborach prezydenckich i parlamentarnych w 2015 roku. Biuletyn Uniejowski. 2016; (5):129-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Kowalski; Maciej Rożniata. 2016. "Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne zachowań wyborczych mieszkańców gminy Uniejów w wyborach prezydenckich i parlamentarnych w 2015 roku." Biuletyn Uniejowski , no. 5: 129-142.