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Alfred O. Odindo
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

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Journal article
Published: 19 June 2021 in Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
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Background Understanding end-users’ preferred breeding traits and plant management practices is fundamental in defining sound breeding objectives and implementing a successful plant improvement programme. Since such knowledge is lacking for Synsepalum dulcificum, a worldwide promising orphan fruit tree species, we assessed the interrelationships among socio-demography, ecology, management practices, diversity and ranking of desired breeding traits by end-users of the species (farmers, final consumers and processing companies) in West Africa. Methods Semi-structured interviews, field-visits and focus groups were combined to interview a total of 300 farmers and final consumers belonging to six sociolinguistic groups sampled from three ecological zones of Benin and Ghana. One processing company in Ghana was also involved. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics; crop management systems and practices; and preferences of farmers, final consumers and processing companies and ranking of breeding traits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independence, and non-parametric tests, generalized linear models, multi-group similarity index and Kendall’s concordance coefficient. Results Men (86.33% of respondents) were the main holders of S. dulcificum in the study area. The three most frequent management practices observed in the species included weeding, fertilization and pruning, which were applied by 75.66%, 27.33% and 16.66% of respondents, respectively. The management intensity index varied significantly across ecological zones, sociolinguistic groups, and instruction level (p < 0.001) but was not affected by gender (p > 0.05). General multigroup similarity indices ( $$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T ) for farmer-desired traits, on one hand, and final consumer-desired traits, on the other hand, were high across ecological zones ( $$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T ≥ 0.84) and sociolinguistic groups ( $$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T > 0.83). Nevertheless, respondents from the Guineo-Congolian (Benin) and the Deciduous forest (Ghana) zones expressed higher agreement in the ranking of desired breeding traits. Preference for breeding traits was 60% similar among farmers, final consumers, and processors. The key breeding traits desired by these end-users included in descending order of importance big fruit size, early fruiting, high fruit yielding (for farmers); big fruit size, high fruit miraculin content, fruit freshness (for final consumers); and high fruit miraculin content, big fruit size, high fruit edible ratio (for processing companies). Conclusion This study revealed stronger variations in current management practices across ecological zones than across sociolinguistic groups. A high similarity was shown in end-users’ preferences for breeding traits across the study area. Top key traits to consider in breeding varieties of S. dulcificum to meet various end-users’ expectations in West Africa include fruit size and fruit miraculin content. These results constitute a strong signal for a region-wide promotion of the resource.

ACS Style

Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué; Enoch G. Achigan-Dako; Sognigbé N’Danikou; Daniel Nyadanu; Rémi Kahane; Alfred O. Odindo; Julia Sibiya. Comparative analysis of management practices and end-users’ desired breeding traits in the miracle plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] across ecological zones and sociolinguistic groups in West Africa. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2021, 17, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué, Enoch G. Achigan-Dako, Sognigbé N’Danikou, Daniel Nyadanu, Rémi Kahane, Alfred O. Odindo, Julia Sibiya. Comparative analysis of management practices and end-users’ desired breeding traits in the miracle plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] across ecological zones and sociolinguistic groups in West Africa. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2021; 17 (1):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué; Enoch G. Achigan-Dako; Sognigbé N’Danikou; Daniel Nyadanu; Rémi Kahane; Alfred O. Odindo; Julia Sibiya. 2021. "Comparative analysis of management practices and end-users’ desired breeding traits in the miracle plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] across ecological zones and sociolinguistic groups in West Africa." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 17, no. 1: 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Heliyon
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The disposal of feacal matter from Urine Diversion Dry Toilets is a significant challenge due to limited land availability, possible underground water contamination, and the risk of spreading diseases. The collected faecal matter can be fed to Black Soldier Fly Larvae to produce protein-rich larvae used as animal feed. The disposal of the leftover waste (BSFL residue) is still a problem due to the risk of residual pathogen contamination. The BSFL residue contains residual plant nutrients and can be further processed into biochar. Faecal matter biochar offers an exciting value proposition where the pyrolysis process guarantees a 100% pathogen elimination. It also results in significant waste reduction in transport, storage weight, and volume. A preliminary study was conducted to (i) optimise pyrolysis conditions (optimal temperature treatment and residence time) for biochar production using residue obtained after faecal matter from urine diversion dry toilets was fed to black soldier fly larvae as feedstock; and (ii) determine the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of biochar produced. The residue was pyrolysed at 300, 400, and 500 °C and characterised for chemical, biological and physical characteristics. Surface area (6.61 m2 g−1), pore size, and C: N (9.28) ratio increased at 500 °C for 30 min. Exchangeable bases, (Calcium) Ca, (Magnesium) Mg, (Potassium) K, and (Sodium) Na increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The increase in basic cations resulted in an increase in pH from 6.7 in the residue to 9.8 in biochar pyrolysed at 500 °C. Biochar pyrolysed at 500 °C can therefore be used to improve acidic soils. Phosphorus increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature to 3 148 mg kg−1 at 500 °C. Biochar produced at 500 °C for 30 min had desirable characteristics: surface area, exchangeable bases, and pH. Also, biochar can be used as a phosphorus source with potential for crop production, although an external nitrogen source is needed to meet crop nutrient requirements.

ACS Style

Nqobile Nkomo; Alfred Oduor Odindo; William Musazura; Roland Missengue. Optimising pyrolysis conditions for high-quality biochar production using black soldier fly larvae faecal-derived residue as feedstock. Heliyon 2021, 7, e07025 .

AMA Style

Nqobile Nkomo, Alfred Oduor Odindo, William Musazura, Roland Missengue. Optimising pyrolysis conditions for high-quality biochar production using black soldier fly larvae faecal-derived residue as feedstock. Heliyon. 2021; 7 (5):e07025.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nqobile Nkomo; Alfred Oduor Odindo; William Musazura; Roland Missengue. 2021. "Optimising pyrolysis conditions for high-quality biochar production using black soldier fly larvae faecal-derived residue as feedstock." Heliyon 7, no. 5: e07025.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2021 in Agronomy
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Roots are key organs for water and nutrient acquisition and transport. Therefore, root phenes that are associated with adaptation to low phosphorus (P) environments could enhance top-soil exploration, while deeper allocation is important for acquiring water and mobile nutrients. The understanding of interactions among root phenes can help in the development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes adapted to drought and low fertility through genetic improvement. Two experiments (pot and field) were conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique to assess the contribution of root phenes to common bean shoot biomass and grain yield under combined stress (drought and low P). The pot study assessed eight genotypes, with four treatments combining water regimes (drought and non-stress) and phosphorus levels (200 and 25) mg P kg−1 soil. In the field study, 24 common bean genotypes were also grown in high and low phosphorus (40 kg P ha−1 and without P application) under irrigation and limited water. The grain yield from fields under drought and P stress were correlated with the pot data on root traits. The response of root phenes to drought and phosphorus stress appeared to be related to the deep and shallow root systems, respectively. Deep rooted genotypes produced more total root biomass and high taproot lateral branching density, which resulted in high total root length under drought and low P stress, while shallow rooted genotypes had low total root biomass and less taproot lateral branching. Increased shoot biomass and grain yield under drought and low P was associated with higher mean values of taproot lateral branching density and total taproot length. Genotypes SER 125, BFS 81, FBN12111-66 and MER 22 11-28 showed a greater score of tap root branching density in the pot study with the highest grain yield in the field under low P and drought stress. Therefore, these can be recommended for use in low phosphorus and drought stress environment or serve as parents for improving phosphorus use efficiency and drought tolerance in common bean.

ACS Style

Samuel Camilo; Alfred Odindo; Aleck Kondwakwenda; Julia Sibiya. Root Traits Related with Drought and Phosphorus Tolerance in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agronomy 2021, 11, 552 .

AMA Style

Samuel Camilo, Alfred Odindo, Aleck Kondwakwenda, Julia Sibiya. Root Traits Related with Drought and Phosphorus Tolerance in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):552.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samuel Camilo; Alfred Odindo; Aleck Kondwakwenda; Julia Sibiya. 2021. "Root Traits Related with Drought and Phosphorus Tolerance in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 552.

Review
Published: 19 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf. ex Greb.) is an underexploited and under-researched crop species with the potential to contribute to crop diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa. The species is cultivated in the drier parts of Southern Africa, mainly by smallholder farmers who maintain a wide range of landrace varieties. Understanding the molecular and morpho-physiological basis for drought adaptation in citron watermelon under these dry environments can aid in the identification of suitable traits for drought-tolerance breeding and improve food system resilience among smallholder farmers, thus adding to crop diversification. This paper reviews the literature on drought adaptation of Citrullus lanatus spp. (C3 xerophytes), using the systematic review approach. The review discusses the potential role of citron watermelon in adding to crop diversification, alternative food uses, and potential by-products that can be processed from the crop, and it analyzes the role of Sub-Saharan African farmers play as key actors in conserving citron watermelon germplasm and biodiversity. Finally, the review provides a summary of significant findings and identifies critical knowledge gaps for further research.

ACS Style

Takudzwa Mandizvo; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo. Citron Watermelon Potential to Improve Crop Diversification and Reduce Negative Impacts of Climate Change. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2269 .

AMA Style

Takudzwa Mandizvo, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Jacob Mashilo. Citron Watermelon Potential to Improve Crop Diversification and Reduce Negative Impacts of Climate Change. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takudzwa Mandizvo; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo. 2021. "Citron Watermelon Potential to Improve Crop Diversification and Reduce Negative Impacts of Climate Change." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2269.

Review
Published: 13 February 2021 in Agriculture
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This study explicates the scope of published literature on the influence of attitudes and perceptions on the intention to use human excreta and human excreta derived materials in agriculture. Using a scoping review methodology, search results from Scopus and Web of Science were screened and synthesized using the DistillerSR web-based application. Out of the 1192 studies identified, 22 published articles met the inclusion criteria. Additional studies were identified by keyword enrichment, hand-searching, and snowballing in other electronic data bases. The benefit perception of the soil health, income, and yield was the main driver for positive attitudes. Perceived health risk and socio-cultural factors were reported as the main barriers to the use of human excreta derived materials in agriculture. Limited information, availability, collection, transport, and storage were the other reported perceived barriers. The influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on farmers’ attitudes and perceptions was inconclusive, which is potentially attributed to contextual and methodological differences. Social and behavior change communication through community mass campaigns and targeting interventions segregated by socioeconomic and demographic contexts is recommended for development interventions. Future empirical studies could focus on the influence of crop types, treatment processes, food preparation and processing on attitudes and perceptions.

ACS Style

Simon Gwara; Edilegnaw Wale; Alfred Odindo; Chris Buckley. Attitudes and Perceptions on the Agricultural Use of Human Excreta and Human Excreta Derived Materials: A Scoping Review. Agriculture 2021, 11, 153 .

AMA Style

Simon Gwara, Edilegnaw Wale, Alfred Odindo, Chris Buckley. Attitudes and Perceptions on the Agricultural Use of Human Excreta and Human Excreta Derived Materials: A Scoping Review. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Gwara; Edilegnaw Wale; Alfred Odindo; Chris Buckley. 2021. "Attitudes and Perceptions on the Agricultural Use of Human Excreta and Human Excreta Derived Materials: A Scoping Review." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 153.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2020 in Sustainability
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The twin challenges of lack of access to improved sanitation and food insecurity remain critical, particularly in the global south. With cognizance of the nutrient potential of human excreta, there has been increasing interest in linking sanitation innovations with agriculture by using nutrients recovered from human excreta for crop production, thus, closing the nutrient loop. While studies and field trials have explored and validated the technical feasibility of reusing nutrients recovered from human excreta in agriculture, there is still limited knowledge of its social acceptability. This study examined whether indigenous knowledge can be leveraged to increase the acceptability of human-excreta-derived plant nutrient sources such as treated effluent in agriculture. A qualitative research design comprising seven focus group interviews (five in rural areas and two in peri-urban areas) was conducted in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Findings from the focus groups reveal a willingness to grow and consume food using treated effluent. Additionally, participants made references to indigenous practices that encourage recycling and reuse of human excreta. Given the potential to simultaneously address issues of food insecurity and sanitation that characterize many peri-urban and rural areas in South Africa, we recommend further studies in this area.

ACS Style

Andrew Okem; Alfred Odindo. Indigenous Knowledge and Acceptability of Treated Effluent in Agriculture. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9304 .

AMA Style

Andrew Okem, Alfred Odindo. Indigenous Knowledge and Acceptability of Treated Effluent in Agriculture. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Okem; Alfred Odindo. 2020. "Indigenous Knowledge and Acceptability of Treated Effluent in Agriculture." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9304.

Review
Published: 12 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Challenges associated with rapid population growth, urbanization, and nutrient mining have seen increased global research and development towards ‘waste to wealth’ initiatives, circular economy models, and cradle-to-cradle waste management principles. Closing the nutrient loop through safe recovery and valorization of human excreta for agricultural use may provide a sustainable method of waste management and sanitation. Understanding the market demand is essential for developing viable waste management and sanitation provision business models. The pathways and processes for the safe recovery of nutrients from human excreta are well-documented. However, only anecdotal evidence is available on the willingness to pay for human excreta-derived material in agriculture. This review closes this gap by identifying and synthesizing published evidence on farmers’ willingness to pay for human excreta-derived material for agricultural use. The Scopus and Web of Science search engines were used to search for the literature. The search results were screened, and the data were extracted, charted, and synthesized using the DistillerSR web-based application. The findings show that understanding willingness to pay for human excreta-derived material is still a nascent and emerging research area. Gender, education, and experience are common factors that influence the farmers’ willingness to pay. The findings show that pelletization, fortification, labeling, packaging, and certification are essential attributes in product development. The wide-scale commercialization can be achieved through incorporation of context-specific socioeconomic, religious and cultural influences on the estimation of willingness to pay. Promoting flexible legislation procedures, harmonization of regional legislations, and creating incentives for sustainable waste recovery and reuse may also promote the commercialization of circular nutrient economy initiatives. More empirical studies are required to validate willingness to pay estimates, especially using the best practice for conducting choice experiments.

ACS Style

Simon Gwara; Edilegnaw Wale; Alfred Odindo; Chris Buckley. Why do We Know So Much and Yet So Little? A Scoping Review of Willingness to Pay for Human Excreta Derived Material in Agriculture. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6490 .

AMA Style

Simon Gwara, Edilegnaw Wale, Alfred Odindo, Chris Buckley. Why do We Know So Much and Yet So Little? A Scoping Review of Willingness to Pay for Human Excreta Derived Material in Agriculture. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Gwara; Edilegnaw Wale; Alfred Odindo; Chris Buckley. 2020. "Why do We Know So Much and Yet So Little? A Scoping Review of Willingness to Pay for Human Excreta Derived Material in Agriculture." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6490.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2020 in BMC Plant Biology
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Spider plant [Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq.], an economically promising African leafy vegetable, characterized for leaf yield components and nutritive quality, exhibits poor seed germination that hinders a wider expansion of the crop in urban and periurban horticultural systems. So far, there is little information pertaining to seed morphological traits and mineral elements content that may be associated with higher seed germination. This research investigated the hypothesis that spider plants from different geographical areas exhibited differences in seed mineral composition, morphological traits, and germination capacity. To this end, twenty-nine accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from West and East-Southern Africa, and Asia were screened for variation in seed size (area, perimeter, length, width), 10-seed weight, mean germination time, germination percentage and mineral content variations. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) solution were used to study seed morphology and mineral composition. We show for the first time the external and internal structure of the seeds of Gynandropsis gynandra and measured eight mineral elements, including carbon (C), oxygen (O), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). The accessions differed significantly (p < 0.001) with respect to seed size (area, perimeter, length, width), 10-seed weight, mean germination time and germination percentage. The hierarchical cluster analysis based on fourteen variables grouped the accessions into three distinct clusters, partially dependent on their geographical origin. Asian accessions exhibited smaller seeds and recorded higher values in terms of germination percentage. West African accessions had bigger seeds but with lower germination percentage. Variation in minerals such as potassium, carbon, and calcium content showed different patterns according to geographical origins. Smaller seeds in G. gynandra exhibited better germination capacity. The Asian germplasm is a potential source of cultivars with a higher germination percentage for improving seed quality in the species.

ACS Style

Jelila S. Blalogoe; Alfred Oduor Odindo; E. O. Dêêdi Sogbohossou; Julia Sibiya; Enoch G. Achigan-Dako. Origin-dependence of variation in seed morphology, mineral composition and germination percentage in Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. accessions from Africa and Asia. BMC Plant Biology 2020, 20, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Jelila S. Blalogoe, Alfred Oduor Odindo, E. O. Dêêdi Sogbohossou, Julia Sibiya, Enoch G. Achigan-Dako. Origin-dependence of variation in seed morphology, mineral composition and germination percentage in Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. accessions from Africa and Asia. BMC Plant Biology. 2020; 20 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jelila S. Blalogoe; Alfred Oduor Odindo; E. O. Dêêdi Sogbohossou; Julia Sibiya; Enoch G. Achigan-Dako. 2020. "Origin-dependence of variation in seed morphology, mineral composition and germination percentage in Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. accessions from Africa and Asia." BMC Plant Biology 20, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2020 in Agricultural Water Management
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There is increasing interest and wide recognition of the potential use of human-excreta derived materials (HEDM) as fertilizer to supply essential nutrients needed for crop production. However, most work on HEDM has focussed on yield responses using soils and very little done on soil-less media using hydroponics. Further, physiological responses of plants to different HEDM in a hydroponic production system is currently not well-understood. This study investigated the effect of Decentralized Waste-water Treatment System (DEWATS) effluents and Nitrified Urine Concentrate (NUC) on leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency and mineral content of hydroponically-grown tomato. The experiment was conducted in a polyethylene tunnel using a complete randomised design comprising of three treatments namely: DEWATS effluent, NUC and commercial hydroponic fertilizer mix (CHFM). Sampling conducted both before and after flowering showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among different nutrient sources for all physiological parameters (leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence) and mineral content. Leaf N and P were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NUC treatment whereas Ca and K were high in the CHFM treatment. The current study demonstrated that HEDM such as NUC and DEWATS effluent could be an effective source of nutrients of agricultural crops in hydroponic systems with results comparable to commercial fertilizer mix.

ACS Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza; Lembe Samukelo Magwaza; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo; Asanda Mditshwa; Chris Buckley. Evaluating the feasibility of human excreta-derived material for the production of hydroponically grown tomato plants - Part I: Photosynthetic efficiency, leaf gas exchange and tissue mineral content. Agricultural Water Management 2020, 234, 106114 .

AMA Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza, Lembe Samukelo Magwaza, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Jacob Mashilo, Asanda Mditshwa, Chris Buckley. Evaluating the feasibility of human excreta-derived material for the production of hydroponically grown tomato plants - Part I: Photosynthetic efficiency, leaf gas exchange and tissue mineral content. Agricultural Water Management. 2020; 234 ():106114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza; Lembe Samukelo Magwaza; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo; Asanda Mditshwa; Chris Buckley. 2020. "Evaluating the feasibility of human excreta-derived material for the production of hydroponically grown tomato plants - Part I: Photosynthetic efficiency, leaf gas exchange and tissue mineral content." Agricultural Water Management 234, no. : 106114.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2020 in Agricultural Water Management
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Disposal of human excreta derived materials (HEDM), particularly domestic wastewater, presents a challenge in areas served with on-site sanitation systems, most particular in informal settlements. The use of HEDM for agricultural food production represents a couple of opportunities such as improved sanitation, household food security as well as the generation of informal income. In this study, tomato seedlings ‘Monica’ cv were grown in a hydroponic system and irrigated with HEDM (effluents from decentralized wastewater treatment system and nitrified urine concentrate). A commercial hydroponic fertilizer mixture was used concurrently as a control treatment. All the treatments were applied to the plants through fertigation using a drip irrigation system. Plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, root:shoot ratio and plant dry matter), physiological (photosynthesis and chlorophyll), yield components (fruit number, fruit mass, harvest index and crop yield), leaf nutrient composition (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn and Na) and microbiological (Aerobic count, coliforms and faecal coliforms) parameters were measured to assess the potential of these HEDMs as nutrient sources for hydroponically produced tomatoes. The results showed that irrigating the tomatoes with HEDM increased harvest index relative to crops irrigated with a commercial hydroponic fertilizer mix. Tomato plants irrigated with a commercial hydroponic fertilizer mix achieved the highest growth and yield, however, irrigation with human excreta based sources improved plant physiological performance and leaf nutrient composition compared to crops irrigated with commercial fertilizer mix. In terms of microbiological analysis, tomatoes harvested from plants treated with HEDM recorded the highest population of bacterial count as compared to the commercial hydroponic fertilizer mix.These results showed that nutrients derived from human excreta can be a good source of nutrients for hydroponically grown tomatoes. Moreover this practice can effectively address the challenges of human waste disposal while at the same time providing the much-needed resources for increased food production through urban agriculture. However, further research on the effect of heavy metals, pathogens on tomato fruit quality is still needed for the adaptation of wastewater as nutrients sources for hydroponically grown tomatoes.

ACS Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza; Lembe Samukelo Magwaza; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Asanda Mditshwa; Christopher Buckley. Evaluating the feasibility of human excreta-derived material for the production of hydroponically grown tomato plants - Part II: Growth and yield. Agricultural Water Management 2020, 234, 106115 .

AMA Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza, Lembe Samukelo Magwaza, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Asanda Mditshwa, Christopher Buckley. Evaluating the feasibility of human excreta-derived material for the production of hydroponically grown tomato plants - Part II: Growth and yield. Agricultural Water Management. 2020; 234 ():106115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza; Lembe Samukelo Magwaza; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Asanda Mditshwa; Christopher Buckley. 2020. "Evaluating the feasibility of human excreta-derived material for the production of hydroponically grown tomato plants - Part II: Growth and yield." Agricultural Water Management 234, no. : 106115.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Acta Horticulturae
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ISHS International Symposium on Strategies and Technologies to Maintain Quality and Reduce Postharvest Losses Response of postharvest quality attributes and cultivars to greenhouse microclimate and storage conditions

ACS Style

E.L. Thipe; T.S. Workneh; Alfred Oduor Odindo; M.D. Laing. Response of postharvest quality attributes and cultivars to greenhouse microclimate and storage conditions. Acta Horticulturae 2020, 407 -414.

AMA Style

E.L. Thipe, T.S. Workneh, Alfred Oduor Odindo, M.D. Laing. Response of postharvest quality attributes and cultivars to greenhouse microclimate and storage conditions. Acta Horticulturae. 2020; (1275):407-414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E.L. Thipe; T.S. Workneh; Alfred Oduor Odindo; M.D. Laing. 2020. "Response of postharvest quality attributes and cultivars to greenhouse microclimate and storage conditions." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1275: 407-414.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Acta Horticulturae
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ACS Style

S.T. Phoku; L.S. Magwaza; Alfred Oduor Odindo; J. Mashilo; A. Mditshwa. Photosynthetic efficiency of hydroponically-grown tomato plants to decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) effluents and nitrified urine concentrate (NUC) as nutrient sources. Acta Horticulturae 2020, 315 -320.

AMA Style

S.T. Phoku, L.S. Magwaza, Alfred Oduor Odindo, J. Mashilo, A. Mditshwa. Photosynthetic efficiency of hydroponically-grown tomato plants to decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) effluents and nitrified urine concentrate (NUC) as nutrient sources. Acta Horticulturae. 2020; (1271):315-320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.T. Phoku; L.S. Magwaza; Alfred Oduor Odindo; J. Mashilo; A. Mditshwa. 2020. "Photosynthetic efficiency of hydroponically-grown tomato plants to decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) effluents and nitrified urine concentrate (NUC) as nutrient sources." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1271: 315-320.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Acta Horticulturae
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ACS Style

E.L. Thipe; T.S. Workneh; Alfred Oduor Odindo; M.D. Laing. A comparison of two greenhouse structures under sub-humid conditions in terms of changes in temperature and relative humidity. Acta Horticulturae 2020, 9 -16.

AMA Style

E.L. Thipe, T.S. Workneh, Alfred Oduor Odindo, M.D. Laing. A comparison of two greenhouse structures under sub-humid conditions in terms of changes in temperature and relative humidity. Acta Horticulturae. 2020; (1271):9-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E.L. Thipe; T.S. Workneh; Alfred Oduor Odindo; M.D. Laing. 2020. "A comparison of two greenhouse structures under sub-humid conditions in terms of changes in temperature and relative humidity." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1271: 9-16.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Acta Horticulturae
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ACS Style

E.L. Thipe; T.S. Workneh; Alfred Oduor Odindo; M.D. Laing. Effects of winter greenhouse microclimate on butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata). Acta Horticulturae 2020, 17 -24.

AMA Style

E.L. Thipe, T.S. Workneh, Alfred Oduor Odindo, M.D. Laing. Effects of winter greenhouse microclimate on butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata). Acta Horticulturae. 2020; (1271):17-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E.L. Thipe; T.S. Workneh; Alfred Oduor Odindo; M.D. Laing. 2020. "Effects of winter greenhouse microclimate on butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata)." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1271: 17-24.

Plant environment interactions
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Plant Interactions
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This study determined genotype-by-environment effect on grain quality among heat and drought tolerant bread wheat genotypes to select ideal genotypes for grain quality improvement. Gliadin (Gli), gluten (Glu), glutenin (Glut), gliadin: glutenin ratio (Gli: Glut ratio) and total protein content (TPC) were determined among 28 elite bread wheat genotypes under non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction and genotype and genotype-by-environment biplot were used for data analyses. Large genotypic effects were observed for Gli (55.42%), TPC (67.78%) and Gli: Glu ratio (49.77%), suggesting genotypic variation for these traits. High environmental influence of 89.65 and 89.06% were observed for Glu and Glut. Wheat genotypes LM03, LM22, LM23, LM41, LM44, LM60, LM62, LM71, LM73, LM71, LM85, LM90 and LM95 with high protein and protein-fractions and high levels of abiotic stress tolerance (i.e. heat and drought) were selected for breeding for high grain quality.

ACS Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo; Hussein Shimelis; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo. Genotype-by-environment effects on grain quality among heat and drought tolerant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Journal of Plant Interactions 2020, 15, 83 -92.

AMA Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo, Hussein Shimelis, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Jacob Mashilo. Genotype-by-environment effects on grain quality among heat and drought tolerant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Journal of Plant Interactions. 2020; 15 (1):83-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo; Hussein Shimelis; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo. 2020. "Genotype-by-environment effects on grain quality among heat and drought tolerant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes." Journal of Plant Interactions 15, no. 1: 83-92.

Articles
Published: 25 December 2019 in Journal of Crop Improvement
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Grain quality, including protein content, is a key determinant of marketability and end-user acceptance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study determined the grain quality of bread wheat genotypes under simulated terminal drought (TD) and well-watered (WW) conditions for selecting suitable genotypes for breeding. The amount of gliadin (Gli), gluten (Glu), glutenin (Glut), gliadin: glutenin ratio (Gli: Glut ratio) and total protein content (TPC) were determined in 24 elite heat- and drought-tolerant bread wheat genotypes sourced from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The experiment was conducted under rainout shelter (RS) and glasshouse (GH) environments. Genotype-by-environment interaction was significant (p ≤ 0.001) for grain quality traits. Positive correlations were observed between Gli and Gli : Glut ratio (r = 0.97), and Glut and Glu (r = 0.97). The correlation between Glut and Gli : Glut ratio was negative (r = -0.58) under TD condition. Under TD condition and in RS, positive but relatively small correlations were found between TPC and Gli (r = 0.19), Glut (r = 0.16), Gli: Glu ratio (r = 0.04) and Glu (r = 0.22). The trend was similar under GH condition in TD where positive and low correlation values were detected between TPC and Gli (r = 0.19), Glut (r = 0.29), Gli: Glu ratio (r = 0.14) and Glu (r = 0.33). This suggested selection for higher TPC may result in limited improvement of protein-fractions. Heat- and drought-tolerant wheat genotypes, such as LM95, LM90, LM85, LM82, LM73, LM71, LM62, LM60, LM55, LM44, and LM41, with improved quality attributes, were identified for breeding and production.

ACS Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo; Hussein Shimelis; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo. Grain quality of elite bread wheat genotypes under non-stress and drought-stress conditions. Journal of Crop Improvement 2019, 34, 314 -334.

AMA Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo, Hussein Shimelis, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Jacob Mashilo. Grain quality of elite bread wheat genotypes under non-stress and drought-stress conditions. Journal of Crop Improvement. 2019; 34 (3):314-334.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo; Hussein Shimelis; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo. 2019. "Grain quality of elite bread wheat genotypes under non-stress and drought-stress conditions." Journal of Crop Improvement 34, no. 3: 314-334.

Articles
Published: 18 November 2019 in Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science
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The selection response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water-limited condition can be enhanced through breeding novel genotypes possessing drought-adaptive and yield-related agronomic and physiological traits. The objective of this study was to evaluate terminal drought tolerance among bread wheat genotypes and select superior parents for breeding. Agronomic and physiological responses of 28 wheat lines were assessed under well-watered (WW) and terminal drought (TD) treatments using a 7 × 4 alpha-lattice design under rainout shelter (RS) and glasshouse (GH) environments. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) genotype × environment interaction effects were observed for number of days to heading (DTH), number of days to maturity (DTM), number of productive tillers per plant (TN), grain yield (GY), thousand kernel weight (TKW), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf canopy temperature (LCT) and chlorophyll content index (CCI) suggesting varied genotypic response under WW and TD treatments. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations TN and GY (r = 0.67; p ≤ 0.001), TKW and GY (r = 0.72; p ≤ 0.001), CCI and GY (r = 0.39; p ≤ 0.05) under TD treatment. Drought tolerant wheat genotypes such as LM100, LM72, LM22 and LM95 are useful for direct cultivation and for developing breeding populations with enhanced yield performance.

ACS Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo; Hussein Shimelis; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo. Assessment of terminal drought tolerance among elite wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes using selected agronomic and physiological traits. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 2019, 70, 177 -194.

AMA Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo, Hussein Shimelis, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Jacob Mashilo. Assessment of terminal drought tolerance among elite wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes using selected agronomic and physiological traits. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. 2019; 70 (3):177-194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zamalotshwa Thungo; Hussein Shimelis; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Jacob Mashilo. 2019. "Assessment of terminal drought tolerance among elite wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes using selected agronomic and physiological traits." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 70, no. 3: 177-194.

Review
Published: 05 November 2019 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Enhanced grain yield has been achieved in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through development and cultivation of superior genotypes incorporating yield-related agronomic and physiological traits derived from genetically diverse and complementary genetic pool. Despite significant breeding progress, yield levels in wheat have remained relatively low and stagnant under marginal growing environments. There is a need for genetic improvement of wheat using yield-promoting morpho-physiological attributes and desired genotypes under the target production environments to meet the demand for food and feed. This review presents breeding progress in wheat for yield gains using agronomic and physiological traits. Further, the paper discusses globally available wheat genetic resources to identify and select promising genotypes possessing useful agronomic and physiological traits to enhance water, nutrient-, and radiation-use efficiency to improve grain yield potential and tolerance to abiotic stresses (i.e. elevated CO2, high temperature, and drought stresses). Finally, the paper highlights quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to agronomic and physiological traits to aid breeding of high-performing wheat genotypes.

ACS Style

Nkhathutsheleni Maureen Tshikunde; Jacob Mashilo; Hussein Shimelis; Alfred Oduor Odindo. Agronomic and Physiological Traits, and Associated Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Affecting Yield Response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review. Frontiers in Plant Science 2019, 10, 1428 .

AMA Style

Nkhathutsheleni Maureen Tshikunde, Jacob Mashilo, Hussein Shimelis, Alfred Oduor Odindo. Agronomic and Physiological Traits, and Associated Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Affecting Yield Response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019; 10 ():1428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nkhathutsheleni Maureen Tshikunde; Jacob Mashilo; Hussein Shimelis; Alfred Oduor Odindo. 2019. "Agronomic and Physiological Traits, and Associated Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Affecting Yield Response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review." Frontiers in Plant Science 10, no. : 1428.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2019 in Bioresource Technology Reports
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Efforts to recover nutrients from wastewater have drawn interest in effluent polishing with duckweed, a small angiosperm known to grow in high nutrient environments. One important consideration is that pathogens may be transferred to suspended duckweed biomass and ultimately spread into agricultural or other environmental settings. Our objective was to evaluate transfer of fecal indicator bacteria to duckweed (Lemna minor and Wolffia arrhiza) from anaerobic baffled reactor effluent. The presence of duckweed resulted in significant removal (~1.5-log) of Escherichia coli and >65% decrease in turbidity in reactors. There was E. coli transfer of ~7-log CFU/g from effluent to harvested duckweed, and viable E. coli persisted (at 3.6-log CFU/g) even after several days of biomass drying, representing a health risk for agricultural applications.

ACS Style

Kevin Clack; Bjoern Pietruschka; Isaac Dennis Amoah; Pardon Muchaonyerwa; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Monica Palomo; Chris Buckley; Zoluntu Ngwane; Natalie Mladenov. Transfer of coliform bacteria to duckweed harvested from anaerobic baffled reactor effluent. Bioresource Technology Reports 2019, 8, 100314 .

AMA Style

Kevin Clack, Bjoern Pietruschka, Isaac Dennis Amoah, Pardon Muchaonyerwa, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Monica Palomo, Chris Buckley, Zoluntu Ngwane, Natalie Mladenov. Transfer of coliform bacteria to duckweed harvested from anaerobic baffled reactor effluent. Bioresource Technology Reports. 2019; 8 ():100314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Clack; Bjoern Pietruschka; Isaac Dennis Amoah; Pardon Muchaonyerwa; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Monica Palomo; Chris Buckley; Zoluntu Ngwane; Natalie Mladenov. 2019. "Transfer of coliform bacteria to duckweed harvested from anaerobic baffled reactor effluent." Bioresource Technology Reports 8, no. : 100314.

Review
Published: 31 August 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Water scarcity, nutrient-depleted soils and pollution continue to be a major challenge worldwide and these are likely to worsen with increasing global populations particularly, in urban areas. As a result, environmental and public health problems may arise from the insufficient provision of sanitation and wastewater disposal facilities. Because of this, a paradigm shifts with regard to the sustainable management of waste disposal in a manner that could protect the environment at the same time benefits society by allowing nutrient recovery and reuse for food production is required. Hence, the use of urban wastewater for agricultural irrigation has more potential, especially when incorporating the reuse of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which are essential for crop production. Among the current treatment technologies applied in urban wastewater reuse for agriculture, hydroponic system is identified as one of the alternative technology that can be integrated with wastewater treatment. The integration of hydroponic system with municipal wastewater treatment has the advantage of reducing costs in terms of pollutants removal while reducing maintenance and energy costs required for conventional wastewater treatment. The efficiency of a hydroponic system with regard to municipal wastewater reuse is mainly linked to its capacity to allow continuous use of wastewater through the production of agricultural crops and the removal of pollutants/nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), resulting to increased food security and environmental protection. Moreover, the suitability of hydroponic system for wastewater treatment is derived from its capacity to minimize associated health risks to farmers, harvested crop and consumers, that may arise through contact with wastewater.

ACS Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza; Lembe Samukelo Magwaza; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Asanda Mditshwa. Hydroponic technology as decentralised system for domestic wastewater treatment and vegetable production in urban agriculture: A review. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 698, 134154 .

AMA Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza, Lembe Samukelo Magwaza, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Asanda Mditshwa. Hydroponic technology as decentralised system for domestic wastewater treatment and vegetable production in urban agriculture: A review. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 698 ():134154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shirly Tentile Magwaza; Lembe Samukelo Magwaza; Alfred Oduor Odindo; Asanda Mditshwa. 2019. "Hydroponic technology as decentralised system for domestic wastewater treatment and vegetable production in urban agriculture: A review." Science of The Total Environment 698, no. : 134154.