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Efficiently storing energy on a large scale poses a major challenge and one that is growing in importance with the increasing share of renewables in the energy mix. The only options at present are either pumped hydro or compressed air storage. One novel alternative is to store energy using liquid air, but this technology is not yet fully mature and requires substantial research and development, including in-depth energy and exergy analysis. This paper presents an exergy analysis of the Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) system based on the Linde–Hampson cycle. The exergy analysis was carried out for four cases with different parameters, in particular the discharge pressure of the air at the inlet of the turbine (20, 40, 100, 150 bar). The results of the analysis show that the greatest exergy destruction can be observed in the air evaporator and in the Joule–Thompson valve. In the case of air evaporator, the destruction of exergy is greatest for the lowest discharge pressure, i.e., 20 bar, and reaches over 118 MWh/cycle. It decreases with increasing discharge pressure, down to approximately 24 MWh/cycle for 150 bar, which is caused by a decrease in the heat of vaporization of air. In the case of Joule–Thompson valve, the changes are reversed. The highest destruction of exergy is observed for the highest considered discharge pressure (150 bar) and amounts to over 183 MWh/cycle. It decreases as pressure is lowered to 57.5 MWh/cycle for 20 bar. The other components of the system do not show exergy destruction greater than approximately 50 MWh/cycle for all considered pressures. Specific liquefaction work of the system ranged from 0.189 kWh/kgLA to 0.295 kWh/kgLA and the efficiency from 44.61% to 55.18%.
Lukasz Szablowski; Piotr Krawczyk; Marcin Wolowicz. Exergy Analysis of Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) System Based on Linde–Hampson Cycle. Energies 2021, 14, 945 .
AMA StyleLukasz Szablowski, Piotr Krawczyk, Marcin Wolowicz. Exergy Analysis of Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) System Based on Linde–Hampson Cycle. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):945.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukasz Szablowski; Piotr Krawczyk; Marcin Wolowicz. 2021. "Exergy Analysis of Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) System Based on Linde–Hampson Cycle." Energies 14, no. 4: 945.
Small and micro energy sources are becoming increasingly important in the current environmental conditions. Especially, the production of electricity and heat in so-called cogeneration systems allows for significant primary energy savings thanks to their high generation efficiency (up to 90%). This article provides an overview of the currently used and developed technologies applied in small and micro cogeneration systems i.e., Stirling engines, gas and steam microturbines, various types of volumetric expanders (vane, lobe, screw, piston, Wankel, gerotor) and fuel cells. Their basic features, power ranges and examples of implemented installations based on these technologies are presented in this paper.
Marcin Wołowicz; Piotr Kolasiński; Krzysztof Badyda. Modern Small and Microcogeneration Systems—A Review. Energies 2021, 14, 785 .
AMA StyleMarcin Wołowicz, Piotr Kolasiński, Krzysztof Badyda. Modern Small and Microcogeneration Systems—A Review. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Wołowicz; Piotr Kolasiński; Krzysztof Badyda. 2021. "Modern Small and Microcogeneration Systems—A Review." Energies 14, no. 3: 785.
The paper contains a simplified energy and exergy analysis of pumps and pipelines system integrated with Thermal Energy Storage (TES). The analysis was performed for a combined heat and power plant (CHP) supplying heat to the District Heating System (DHS). The energy and exergy efficiency for the Block Part of the Siekierki CHP Plant in Warsaw was estimated. CHP Plant Siekierki is the largest CHP plant in Poland and the second largest in Europe. The energy and exergy analysis was executed for the three different values of ambient temperature. It is according to operation of the plant in different seasons: winter season (the lowest ambient temperature Tex = −20 °C, i.e., design point conditions), the intermediate season (average ambient temperature Tex = 1 °C), and summer (average ambient temperature Tex = 15 °C). The presented results of the analysis make it possible to identify the places of the greatest exergy destruction in the pumps and pipelines system with TES, and thus give the opportunity to take necessary improvement actions. Detailed results of the energy-exergy analysis show that both the energy consumption and the rate of exergy destruction in relation to the operation of the pumps and pipelines system of the CHP plant with TES for the tank charging and discharging processes are low.
Ryszard Zwierzchowski; Marcin Wołowicz. Energy and Exergy Analysis of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage—Hot Water Tank for a Large CHP Plant in Poland. Energies 2020, 13, 4842 .
AMA StyleRyszard Zwierzchowski, Marcin Wołowicz. Energy and Exergy Analysis of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage—Hot Water Tank for a Large CHP Plant in Poland. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyszard Zwierzchowski; Marcin Wołowicz. 2020. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage—Hot Water Tank for a Large CHP Plant in Poland." Energies 13, no. 18: 4842.
The study objective was to adjust the hydrodynamic disintegrator dedicated to sewage sludge pre-treatment (HDS) to work with agricultural substrate. This involved the development and implementation of a mathematical model of flow via the device’s domain. An innovative disintegrator ( HDA - hydrodynamic disintegrator for agriculture) was designed, built, and tested based on the obtained results. The main improvements to the HDS include the implementation of shredding knives in order to overcome clogging by crushed substrate, and the application of ribs in the recirculation zone, contributing to the development of an additional structure damage zone. The challenge of this study was also to determine the operating parameters of the HDA that would provide for an increase in methane production with positive energy balance. The testing procedures, for which maize silage was selected, involved batch disintegration tests and biochemical methane potential tests. No clogging of rotor or spontaneous shutting off of the device, in other words, problems that had occurred in the HDS, were observed. The applied pre-treatment method permitted an increase in the methane potential of maize silage by 34.4%, 27.0%, and 21.6%, respectively for samples disintegrated at energy densities of 10 kJ/L, 20 kJ/L, and 35 kJ/L with net energy profit.
Monika Zubrowska-Sudol; Aleksandra Dzido; Agnieszka Garlicka; Piotr Krawczyk; Michał Stępień; Katarzyna Umiejewska; Justyna Walczak; Marcin Wołowicz; Katarzyna Sytek-Szmeichel. Innovative Hydrodynamic Disintegrator Adjusted to Agricultural Substrates Pre-treatment Aimed at Methane Production Intensification—CFD Modelling and Batch Tests. Energies 2020, 13, 4256 .
AMA StyleMonika Zubrowska-Sudol, Aleksandra Dzido, Agnieszka Garlicka, Piotr Krawczyk, Michał Stępień, Katarzyna Umiejewska, Justyna Walczak, Marcin Wołowicz, Katarzyna Sytek-Szmeichel. Innovative Hydrodynamic Disintegrator Adjusted to Agricultural Substrates Pre-treatment Aimed at Methane Production Intensification—CFD Modelling and Batch Tests. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Zubrowska-Sudol; Aleksandra Dzido; Agnieszka Garlicka; Piotr Krawczyk; Michał Stępień; Katarzyna Umiejewska; Justyna Walczak; Marcin Wołowicz; Katarzyna Sytek-Szmeichel. 2020. "Innovative Hydrodynamic Disintegrator Adjusted to Agricultural Substrates Pre-treatment Aimed at Methane Production Intensification—CFD Modelling and Batch Tests." Energies 13, no. 16: 4256.
The paper aims to compare the models of working fluids against experimental data for carbon dioxide close to its critical conditions. Fortunately, most of the work is already done and published where the authors compared the models based on the equation of the state (EoS). There are a few other models which were not investigated, thus we would like to add a few new results here and focus only on near-critical properties where the biggest deviation between experimental and calculated properties can be observed. The area of interest was pressure range of 7.39 – 20 MPa and temperature range of 304-340 K just above fluid critical point (7.39 MPa, 304.25 K). Model validation was performed for density and heat capacity as one of the most important parameters in preliminary cycle analysis.
Marcin Wołowicz; Jarosław Milewski; Piotr Lis. Review of existing and development of a novel mathematical model for supercritical CO2 cycles working fluid. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 240, 01036 .
AMA StyleMarcin Wołowicz, Jarosław Milewski, Piotr Lis. Review of existing and development of a novel mathematical model for supercritical CO2 cycles working fluid. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 240 ():01036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Wołowicz; Jarosław Milewski; Piotr Lis. 2018. "Review of existing and development of a novel mathematical model for supercritical CO2 cycles working fluid." MATEC Web of Conferences 240, no. : 01036.
The paper presents the influence of selected components parameters on the performance of supercritical carbon dioxide power unit. For this analysis mathematical model of supercritical recompression Brayton cycle was created. The analysis took into consideration changes in the net cycle power and efficiency for different compressor inlet temperatures. The results were obtained for a fixed minimum pressure of 7.4 MPa and fixed recompression split ratio. The studies conducted in this paper included also consideration of sensitivity of the cycle efficiency to a change in recuperators heat transfer area. In order to determine how each recuperator influences the cycle performance, an analysis of efficiency dependence on the recuperators area was made. Another parameters that were investigated are to a change in turbine and compressors isentropic efficiency and their influence on the cycle efficiency. In the reference cycle, isentropic efficiencies were set up as 88% for both the main and recompression compressor, and 90% for the turbine. Since isentropic efficiency is a sort of measure of broadly defined quality of a turbine or compressor, including airfoil shape, sealing, etc., it may be a significant cost factor that should be considered during cycle design. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis of cycle efficiency to both compressors and turbine isentropic efficiencies was conducted.
Marcin Wołowicz; Jarosław Milewski; Gabriel Ziembicki. Influence of selected cycle components parameters on the supercritical CO2 power unit performance. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 240, 05035 .
AMA StyleMarcin Wołowicz, Jarosław Milewski, Gabriel Ziembicki. Influence of selected cycle components parameters on the supercritical CO2 power unit performance. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 240 ():05035.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Wołowicz; Jarosław Milewski; Gabriel Ziembicki. 2018. "Influence of selected cycle components parameters on the supercritical CO2 power unit performance." MATEC Web of Conferences 240, no. : 05035.
In this paper, a supercritical CO2 cycle concept is investigated in terms of possible use as a power conversion cycle. Three types of most popular modifications of simple Brayton cycle (pre-compression, partial cooling and recompression) are described. As the most efficient, a recompression cycle was chosen for further investigation. The model of the recompression supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle was created using GateCycle software. The results of simulation performed in GateCycle software show that the cycle achieves efficiency of 44% for CO2 turbine inlet conditions of 550°C and 20 MPa. Comparison of optimum turbine inlet pressure for cycle efficiency and net output power at turbine inlet is presented.
Marcin Wołowicz; Jarosław Milewski; Gabriel Ziembicki. Mathematical modelling and analysis of recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle in terms of maximum pressure and temperature at turbine inlet. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017) 2018, 1978, 470080 .
AMA StyleMarcin Wołowicz, Jarosław Milewski, Gabriel Ziembicki. Mathematical modelling and analysis of recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle in terms of maximum pressure and temperature at turbine inlet. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017). 2018; 1978 (1):470080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Wołowicz; Jarosław Milewski; Gabriel Ziembicki. 2018. "Mathematical modelling and analysis of recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle in terms of maximum pressure and temperature at turbine inlet." INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017) 1978, no. 1: 470080.
Since carbon dioxide used as a working fluid in both supercritical and transcritical power cycles operates mostly in the supercritical area, the ideal gas model cannot be applied to obtain the working parameters and the cycle performance. In this paper some equations of state and their modifications that are usually recommended in the literature are presented. In the high-precision equations the maximum relative error can reach approximately 20% in the near critical region. That is why some of the authors using corrections. The corrected equations can precisely predict the density of supercritical CO2, and the average relative error can be restricted to within 1.5%. The Lee-Kesler equation of state is recommended for further calculations owing to its good performance and availability in the software application to design a supercritical CO2 cycle.
Jarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Gabriel Ziembicki. Working fluid model for supercritical Co2 Brayton cycle. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017) 2018, 1978, 470084 .
AMA StyleJarosław Milewski, Marcin Wołowicz, Gabriel Ziembicki. Working fluid model for supercritical Co2 Brayton cycle. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017). 2018; 1978 (1):470084.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Gabriel Ziembicki. 2018. "Working fluid model for supercritical Co2 Brayton cycle." INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017) 1978, no. 1: 470084.
In the article the new method of energy storing, using cavern gas storage system is presented. The idea drew from the Compressed Air Energy Storage systems, but use natural gas stored in salt caverns as a medium, so can be called the Compressed Natural Gas Energy Storage (CNGES). The concept of the store charging is to pump the gas from lower pressure cavern to the higher pressure one by an electric powered compressor. In the discharging mode the gas expands through the expander connected with the generator, from the high pressure cavern to the lower pressure one with the electricity production. The paper covers the dynamic model of CNGES implemented in Aspen Hysys numerical environment. The main aim of the simulation was to determine the influence of selected parameters of the store (gas initial and terminal temperature and pressure). The article covers main model assumptions, implemented methodology description, results analysis and conclusions.
Piotr Krawczyk; Aleksandra Mikołajczak; Marcin Wołowicz; Krzysztof Badyda; Michalina Gruszecka. Impact of selected parameters on the performance of compressed natural gas energy storage using cavern gag storage system. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017) 2018, 1978, 470079 .
AMA StylePiotr Krawczyk, Aleksandra Mikołajczak, Marcin Wołowicz, Krzysztof Badyda, Michalina Gruszecka. Impact of selected parameters on the performance of compressed natural gas energy storage using cavern gag storage system. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017). 2018; 1978 (1):470079.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Krawczyk; Aleksandra Mikołajczak; Marcin Wołowicz; Krzysztof Badyda; Michalina Gruszecka. 2018. "Impact of selected parameters on the performance of compressed natural gas energy storage using cavern gag storage system." INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017) 1978, no. 1: 470079.
The article covers new concept of the bus powering – by the liquid air (LABus). The technology is dedicated for the public transport in the big cities. The main aim of the system is to provide power supply for the bus basing on liquid air and pneumatic engine. The system provides cold and heat recovery loops, which increase the cost-effectiveness of the project. The technology can contribute to reduce the air pollution in the cities. In the paper the Aspen Hysys model is described. Article includes LABus calculations and technology assesment..
Piotr Krawczyk; Aleksandra Mikołajczak; Marcin Wołowicz; Krzysztof Badyda; Michalina Gruszecka. Mathematical model and simulation of a new concept of the bus powering – Liquid air bus (labus). INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017) 2018, 1978, 470083 .
AMA StylePiotr Krawczyk, Aleksandra Mikołajczak, Marcin Wołowicz, Krzysztof Badyda, Michalina Gruszecka. Mathematical model and simulation of a new concept of the bus powering – Liquid air bus (labus). INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017). 2018; 1978 (1):470083.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Krawczyk; Aleksandra Mikołajczak; Marcin Wołowicz; Krzysztof Badyda; Michalina Gruszecka. 2018. "Mathematical model and simulation of a new concept of the bus powering – Liquid air bus (labus)." INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017) 1978, no. 1: 470083.
The paper presents a variant analysis of the structures of closed gas turbines using supercritical carbon dioxide (super-CO2) as a working fluid. Several configurations covered in the available literature were collected, commented on and compared. The parameters of the cycles, such as operating temperature and heat supply are noted and commented on. There are three main configurations considered in the available literature: the precompression cycle, partial cooling cycle, and recompression cycle.
Jarosław Milewski; Kamil Futyma; Arkadiusz Szczęśniak; Marcin Wołowicz; Gabriel Ziembicki. Selected Issues of the Structures and Parameters of Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine Cycles. Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 2018, 22, 565 -584.
AMA StyleJarosław Milewski, Kamil Futyma, Arkadiusz Szczęśniak, Marcin Wołowicz, Gabriel Ziembicki. Selected Issues of the Structures and Parameters of Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine Cycles. Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering. 2018; 22 (2):565-584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Milewski; Kamil Futyma; Arkadiusz Szczęśniak; Marcin Wołowicz; Gabriel Ziembicki. 2018. "Selected Issues of the Structures and Parameters of Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine Cycles." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 2: 565-584.
In the paper The Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) technology is described. The LAES can be constructed in every place, bases on well-known components and is dedicated for system scale and short-term energy storage. The most important issue is to increase the energy storage efficiency and its economic attractiveness. For that purpose the Organic Rankine Cycle application was proposed. The new variant of the Liquid Air Energy Storage with Organic Rankine Cycle (LAES-ORC) was developed, including technical analysis, the mathematical model implementation description, simulation results and its analysis.
Aleksandra Mikolajczak; Marcin Wolowicz; Michalina Kurkus-Gruszecka; Krzysztof Badyda; Piotr Krawczyk. Improving the efficiency of Liquid Air Energy Storage by organic rankine cycle module application. 2018 International Interdisciplinary PhD Workshop (IIPhDW) 2018, 99 -102.
AMA StyleAleksandra Mikolajczak, Marcin Wolowicz, Michalina Kurkus-Gruszecka, Krzysztof Badyda, Piotr Krawczyk. Improving the efficiency of Liquid Air Energy Storage by organic rankine cycle module application. 2018 International Interdisciplinary PhD Workshop (IIPhDW). 2018; ():99-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Mikolajczak; Marcin Wolowicz; Michalina Kurkus-Gruszecka; Krzysztof Badyda; Piotr Krawczyk. 2018. "Improving the efficiency of Liquid Air Energy Storage by organic rankine cycle module application." 2018 International Interdisciplinary PhD Workshop (IIPhDW) , no. : 99-102.
Jarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Janusz Lewandowski. Comparison of SOE/SOFC system configurations for a peak hydrogen power plant. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017, 42, 3498 -3509.
AMA StyleJarosław Milewski, Marcin Wołowicz, Janusz Lewandowski. Comparison of SOE/SOFC system configurations for a peak hydrogen power plant. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2017; 42 (5):3498-3509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Janusz Lewandowski. 2017. "Comparison of SOE/SOFC system configurations for a peak hydrogen power plant." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 5: 3498-3509.
The paper presents dynamic model of hot water storage tank. The literature review has been made. Analysis of effects of nodalization on the prediction error of generalized finite element method (GFEM) is provided. The model takes into account eleven various parameters, such as: flue gases volumetric flow rate to the spiral, inlet water temperature, outlet water flow rate, etc. Boiler is also described by sizing parameters, nozzle parameters and heat loss including ambient temperature. The model has been validated on existing data. Adequate laboratory experiments were provided. The comparison between 1-, 5-, 10- and 50-zone boiler is presented. Comparison between experiment and simulations for different zone numbers of the boiler model is presented on the plots. The reason of differences between experiment and simulation is explained.
Marcin Wołowicz; Jakub Kupecki; Katarzyna Wawryniuk; Jarosław Milewski; Konrad Motyliński. Analysis of nodalization effects on the prediction error of generalized finite element method used for dynamic modeling of hot water storage tank. Archives of Thermodynamics 2015, 36, 123 -138.
AMA StyleMarcin Wołowicz, Jakub Kupecki, Katarzyna Wawryniuk, Jarosław Milewski, Konrad Motyliński. Analysis of nodalization effects on the prediction error of generalized finite element method used for dynamic modeling of hot water storage tank. Archives of Thermodynamics. 2015; 36 (3):123-138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Wołowicz; Jakub Kupecki; Katarzyna Wawryniuk; Jarosław Milewski; Konrad Motyliński. 2015. "Analysis of nodalization effects on the prediction error of generalized finite element method used for dynamic modeling of hot water storage tank." Archives of Thermodynamics 36, no. 3: 123-138.
Jaroslaw Milewski; Wojciech Bujalski; Marcin Wołowicz; Kamil Futyma; Jan Kucowski; Rafał Bernat. Experimental investigation of CO2 separation from lignite flue gases by 100 cm2 single Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2014, 39, 1558 -1563.
AMA StyleJaroslaw Milewski, Wojciech Bujalski, Marcin Wołowicz, Kamil Futyma, Jan Kucowski, Rafał Bernat. Experimental investigation of CO2 separation from lignite flue gases by 100 cm2 single Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2014; 39 (3):1558-1563.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslaw Milewski; Wojciech Bujalski; Marcin Wołowicz; Kamil Futyma; Jan Kucowski; Rafał Bernat. 2014. "Experimental investigation of CO2 separation from lignite flue gases by 100 cm2 single Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 3: 1558-1563.
This article presents an analysis on possible ways of utilizing low-temperature waste heat. If well-designed, this could contribute to increasing the efficiency of power plants without introducing many complex changes to the whole system. The main analysis focuses on the location of the regenerative heat exchanger in the facility. This could differ with varying temperatures of working media in the system. The base for investigations was a 800 MW-class power unit operating in off-design conditions and supplied with steam from an BB2400 boiler. Modifications to the model were made using commercially available software and by applying the Stodola equation and the SCC method. It allowed to determine the most suitable position for installing the low-temperature heat exchanger. Calculations for off-design conditions show that, after making some modifications to the system, both heat and electricity generation could be increased through the addition of a low-temperature heat exchanger.
Marcin Wołowicz; Jaroslaw Milewski; Kamil Futyma; Wojciech Bujalski. Boosting the Efficiency of an 800 MW-Class Power Plant through Utilization of Low Temperature Heat of Flue Gases. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2013, 483, 315 -321.
AMA StyleMarcin Wołowicz, Jaroslaw Milewski, Kamil Futyma, Wojciech Bujalski. Boosting the Efficiency of an 800 MW-Class Power Plant through Utilization of Low Temperature Heat of Flue Gases. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013; 483 ():315-321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Wołowicz; Jaroslaw Milewski; Kamil Futyma; Wojciech Bujalski. 2013. "Boosting the Efficiency of an 800 MW-Class Power Plant through Utilization of Low Temperature Heat of Flue Gases." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483, no. : 315-321.
The paper presents a theoretical investigation of using a Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage facility (STES) to cover the heat demand of a complex of four buildings. The STES is placed in the ground and connected to both the local district heating network and solar panels. A number of scenarios were investigated to find an adequate size of the STES (tank size and solar panel area.) The results obtained show that the use of a STES could reduce heat consumption by 22100% depending on the architecture solution chosen.
Jarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Wojciech Bujalski. Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage - A Size Selection. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2013, 467, 270 -276.
AMA StyleJarosław Milewski, Marcin Wołowicz, Wojciech Bujalski. Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage - A Size Selection. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013; 467 ():270-276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Wojciech Bujalski. 2013. "Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage - A Size Selection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467, no. : 270-276.
The paper presents a variant analysis of the structure of SOEC systems. The main parameters of such systems are indicated and commented. The comparison of various configurations is shown in terms of efficiency obtained. High efficiency (70%) hydrogen generation seems possible with systems like these.
Jarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Janusz Lewandowski. Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Systems — Variant Analysis of the Structures and Parameters. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2013, 459, 106 -112.
AMA StyleJarosław Milewski, Marcin Wołowicz, Janusz Lewandowski. Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Systems — Variant Analysis of the Structures and Parameters. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013; 459 ():106-112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Janusz Lewandowski. 2013. "Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Systems — Variant Analysis of the Structures and Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459, no. : 106-112.
The paper presents a variant analysis of the structure of SOFC hybrid system. The systems are divided into two gropus: atmospheric and pressurized. The main parameter of such systems are indicated and commented. The comparison of various configurations is shown in a view of efficiency obtained. The ultra high efficiency (65% HHV, 72% LHV) of electricity production seems to be possible by systems like these.
Jarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Rafał Bernat; Lukasz Szablowski; Janusz Lewandowski. Variant Analysis of the Structure and Parameters of SOFC Hybrid Systems. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2013, 437, 306 -312.
AMA StyleJarosław Milewski, Marcin Wołowicz, Rafał Bernat, Lukasz Szablowski, Janusz Lewandowski. Variant Analysis of the Structure and Parameters of SOFC Hybrid Systems. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013; 437 ():306-312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Milewski; Marcin Wołowicz; Rafał Bernat; Lukasz Szablowski; Janusz Lewandowski. 2013. "Variant Analysis of the Structure and Parameters of SOFC Hybrid Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437, no. : 306-312.
This work considers electronic conductance in a molten carbonate fuel cell and consequences of its existence. The voltage characteristics of cells show differences between a theoretical maximum circuit voltage and open circuit voltage (OCV). A relationship is assumed between the OCV value and electronic conductance. Based on experimental measurements an appropriate mathematical model was created. The model is used to calculate the temperature dependence of electronic conductance for the most popular types of electrolyte: Li2CO3/K2CO3. The results obtained point to the possible existence of a very close relationship between electronic conductance and open circuit voltage. This relationship enables OCV to be calculated when electronic conductance is known. Appropriate formulae can be determined. Temperature is one of the factors affecting electronic conductance. Other influencing factors do exist, but their impact on OCV is not well known. This article mentions some of them.
Jarosław Milewski; Wojciech Bujalski; Marcin Wołowicz; Kamil Futyma; Jan Kucowski; Rafał Bernat. Determination of Electronic Conductance of 100 cm2 Single Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2013, 346, 23 -28.
AMA StyleJarosław Milewski, Wojciech Bujalski, Marcin Wołowicz, Kamil Futyma, Jan Kucowski, Rafał Bernat. Determination of Electronic Conductance of 100 cm2 Single Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013; 346 ():23-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarosław Milewski; Wojciech Bujalski; Marcin Wołowicz; Kamil Futyma; Jan Kucowski; Rafał Bernat. 2013. "Determination of Electronic Conductance of 100 cm2 Single Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell." Applied Mechanics and Materials 346, no. : 23-28.