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Jane Jie Yu
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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Research article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has become a prevalent issue worldwide. Previous studies suggest that physical exercising may effectively reduce smartphone users’ addiction levels. Comparisons and further evaluations on the long-term effects of different types of exercise-based interventions on treating PSU remain to be investigated. Objective. We investigated if group-based basketball and Baduanjin exercise (a type of Qigong) would reduce PSU and improve the mental health of college students and whether such effects would be sustained. A twelve-week experiment was conducted, where 96 eligible Chinese college students with PSU were randomly assigned to two intervention arms (i.e., basketball and Baduanjin exercises) and a control arm. Outcome measures, including PSU (measured by the Mobile Phone Addiction Index in Chinese (MPAI)) and mental health indices for anxiety (measured by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SRAS)), loneliness (measured by the short-form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS)), inadequacy (measured by the revised Janis and Field’s Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (FIS)), and stress (measured by the Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS)) were collected at the baseline, the end of week 12, and the two-month follow-up. A Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model for longitudinal data was utilized in analyses. Results. Both exercise interventions demonstrated significant effects on decreasing PSU (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.01 ), feelings of anxiety (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p = 0.04 ), loneliness (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.01 ), inadequacy (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.01 ), and perceived stress (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p = 0.04 ), at the end of interventions. At two months after interventions, both exercise interventions demonstrated significant effects on decreasing PSU (basketball: p < 0.05 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.05 ), feelings of anxiety (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p = 0.03 ), loneliness (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.01 ), and inadequacy (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p = 0.01 ), but not for feeling of stress. Furthermore, group-based basketball demonstrated larger improvements for all these significant results on reducing PSU and meanwhile improving their related mental health parameters among college students.

ACS Style

Tao Xiao; Can Jiao; Jie Yao; Lin Yang; Yanjie Zhang; Shijie Liu; Igor Grabovac; Qian Yu; Zhaowei Kong; Jane Jie Yu; Jieting Zhang. Effects of Basketball and Baduanjin Exercise Interventions on Problematic Smartphone Use and Mental Health among College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021, 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Tao Xiao, Can Jiao, Jie Yao, Lin Yang, Yanjie Zhang, Shijie Liu, Igor Grabovac, Qian Yu, Zhaowei Kong, Jane Jie Yu, Jieting Zhang. Effects of Basketball and Baduanjin Exercise Interventions on Problematic Smartphone Use and Mental Health among College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021; 2021 ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Xiao; Can Jiao; Jie Yao; Lin Yang; Yanjie Zhang; Shijie Liu; Igor Grabovac; Qian Yu; Zhaowei Kong; Jane Jie Yu; Jieting Zhang. 2021. "Effects of Basketball and Baduanjin Exercise Interventions on Problematic Smartphone Use and Mental Health among College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021, no. : 1-12.

Original research
Published: 01 December 2020 in Psychology Research and Behavior Management
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Purpose: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated restrictive measures have implications for depressive symptoms (henceforth depression) of young people and risk may be associated with their reduced physical activity (PA) level. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and PA among college students with different gender and gender role (masculinity traits and femininity traits) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants and Methods: Cross-sectional study included 628 healthy college students from nineteen different locations. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scales (CES-D), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the 50-item Chinese Sex-Role Inventory (CSRI-50) were used to measure depressive symptoms, PA continuous (weekly metabolic equivalent minutes, MET-minutes/week) and categorical indicators (activity level category) and gender role, respectively. The statistical analyses were used in partial correlation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, moderation model tests, and linear regression model tests. Results: Total of 34.72% participants had clinically relevant depression (16, CES-D scale). Total of 58.6% participants were classified as a “low” activity level for spending less time on PA. Depression significantly negatively correlated with MET-minutes/week in moderate-intensity PA but not vigorous and walking scores. Of note, the depression-PA association was only moderated by the “low” activity level group in terms of categorical scores across gender groups. Participants with higher masculinity traits were less likely to have depression among all participants. Moreover, more recovered cases and fewer deaths could also predict the lower depression risk in the “high” activity level group. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity PA is beneficial for reducing depression risk among college students at a low activity level. College students with fewer masculinity traits (regardless of gender) are highly vulnerable to depression during the outbreak of COVID-19. Effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic seems critical to alleviating the burden of mental disorders of the public including depression.

ACS Style

Jingyuan Lin; Tianyou Guo; Benjamin Becker; Qian Yu; Si-Tong Chen; Stubbs Brendon; Mahbub Hossain; Paolo M Cunha; Fernanda Cunha Soares; Nicola Veronese; Jane Jie Yu; Igor Grabovac; Lee Smith; Albert Yeung; Liye Zou; Hong Li. Depression is Associated with Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differs by Activity Level, Gender and Gender Role. Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2020, ume 13, 1123 -1134.

AMA Style

Jingyuan Lin, Tianyou Guo, Benjamin Becker, Qian Yu, Si-Tong Chen, Stubbs Brendon, Mahbub Hossain, Paolo M Cunha, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Nicola Veronese, Jane Jie Yu, Igor Grabovac, Lee Smith, Albert Yeung, Liye Zou, Hong Li. Depression is Associated with Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differs by Activity Level, Gender and Gender Role. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2020; ume 13 ():1123-1134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingyuan Lin; Tianyou Guo; Benjamin Becker; Qian Yu; Si-Tong Chen; Stubbs Brendon; Mahbub Hossain; Paolo M Cunha; Fernanda Cunha Soares; Nicola Veronese; Jane Jie Yu; Igor Grabovac; Lee Smith; Albert Yeung; Liye Zou; Hong Li. 2020. "Depression is Associated with Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differs by Activity Level, Gender and Gender Role." Psychology Research and Behavior Management ume 13, no. : 1123-1134.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2020 in Children
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The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of social support and self-efficacy with physical Activity (PA) and the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between social support and PA in Chinese adolescents. Participants included a total of 2341 Chinese adolescents (aged 12.75 ± 1.46 years). Self-reported instruments, including the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents, the social support revalued scale and the exercise self-efficacy scale, were used to measure physical activity, social support and exercise self-efficacy. Results showed that social support (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and exercise self-efficacy (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) were significant and positive predictors of PA among Chinese adolescents, and exercise self-efficacy was a significant mediator in the relationship between social support and PA (standardized effect size = 0.15, p < 0.001). Such findings were evident with similar patterns in both male and female adolescents. The findings of this study have indicated the importance of social support and exercise self-efficacy on PA promotion in adolescents, which will aid the development of effective interventions in this population.

ACS Style

Zhanbing Ren; Linlin Hu; Jane Yu; Qian Yu; Sitong Chen; Yudan Ma; Jingyuan Lin; Lin Yang; Xiaoyun Li; Liye Zou. The Influence of Social Support on Physical Activity in Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Exercise Self-Efficacy. Children 2020, 7, 23 .

AMA Style

Zhanbing Ren, Linlin Hu, Jane Yu, Qian Yu, Sitong Chen, Yudan Ma, Jingyuan Lin, Lin Yang, Xiaoyun Li, Liye Zou. The Influence of Social Support on Physical Activity in Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Exercise Self-Efficacy. Children. 2020; 7 (3):23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhanbing Ren; Linlin Hu; Jane Yu; Qian Yu; Sitong Chen; Yudan Ma; Jingyuan Lin; Lin Yang; Xiaoyun Li; Liye Zou. 2020. "The Influence of Social Support on Physical Activity in Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Exercise Self-Efficacy." Children 7, no. 3: 23.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2019 in Brain Sciences
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Purpose: Previous research has evaluated the effects of acute hypoxia exposure on cognitive function, notably executive function. No studies, to date, have evaluated the effects of acute hypoxia exposure on memory interference, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods: A within-subjects, counterbalanced experimental design was employed, with condition (hypoxia vs. normoxia) and time (immediate vs. delayed) being the independent variables. Participants (N = 21; Mage = 21.0 years) completed two laboratory visits, involving 30 min of exposure to either hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.12) or normoxia (FIO2 = 0.21). Following this, they completed a memory interference task (AB/AC paradigm), assessing immediate and delayed proactive and retroactive interference. Results: For retroactive interference, we observed a significant main effect for condition, F(1, 20) = 5.48, p = 0.03, ƞ2 = 0.10, condition by time interaction, F(1, 20) = 4.96, p = 0.03, ƞ2 = 0.01, but no main effect for time, F(1, 20) = 1.75, p = 0.20, ƞ2 = 0.004. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that acute hypoxia exposure was facilitative in reducing memory interference. We discuss these findings in the context of the potential therapeutic effects of acute hypoxia exposure on synaptic plasticity.

ACS Style

Paul D. Loprinzi; Aala’A Matalgah; Lindsay Crawford; Jane J. Yu; Zhaowei Kong; Bo Wang; Shijie Liu; Liye Zou. Effects of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia on Memory Interference. Brain Sciences 2019, 9, 323 .

AMA Style

Paul D. Loprinzi, Aala’A Matalgah, Lindsay Crawford, Jane J. Yu, Zhaowei Kong, Bo Wang, Shijie Liu, Liye Zou. Effects of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia on Memory Interference. Brain Sciences. 2019; 9 (11):323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul D. Loprinzi; Aala’A Matalgah; Lindsay Crawford; Jane J. Yu; Zhaowei Kong; Bo Wang; Shijie Liu; Liye Zou. 2019. "Effects of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia on Memory Interference." Brain Sciences 9, no. 11: 323.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Schools are salient locations for children with disabilities to accrue physical activity (PA) and to diminish sedentary time (ST). We examined seasonal variation in accelerometer-assessed PA and ST among children with disabilities during the school day in three school settings (physical education (PE) lessons, recess and lunchtime). Children (n = 270) from 13 special schools for those with five disability types (visual impairments, hearing impairments, physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities (ID), and social development problems) participated. Their PA and ST were assessed during three winter and three summer school days using accelerometry. Linear mixed models were performed to determine seasonal variation in the proportion of time they spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and ST in the three settings. On average, the children spent 4.5% (18.6 min) and 4.0% (15.6 min) in MVPA at school during winter and summer days, respectively. They were more physically active during winter (especially during recess and lunchtime), but there were no seasonal differences for ST. Thus, children’s year-round engagement in PA needs to be promoted, especially during summer.

ACS Style

Cindy H.P. Sit; Wendy Y. Huang; Jane J. Yu; Thomas L. McKenzie. Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time at School for Children with Disabilities: Seasonal Variation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3163 .

AMA Style

Cindy H.P. Sit, Wendy Y. Huang, Jane J. Yu, Thomas L. McKenzie. Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time at School for Children with Disabilities: Seasonal Variation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (17):3163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cindy H.P. Sit; Wendy Y. Huang; Jane J. Yu; Thomas L. McKenzie. 2019. "Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time at School for Children with Disabilities: Seasonal Variation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17: 3163.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2019 in Brain Sciences
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Background: Cognitive decline and balance impairment are prevalent in the aging population. Previous studies investigated the beneficial effects of 24-style Tai Chi (TC-24) on either cognitive function or balance performance of older adults. It still remains largely unknown whether modified Chen-style TC (MTC) that includes 18 complex movements is more beneficial for these age-related health outcomes, as compared to TC-24. Objective: We investigated if MTC would show greater effects than TC-24 on global cognitive function and balance-related outcomes among older adults. Methods: We conducted a randomized trial where 80 eligible adults aged over 55 were allocated into two different styles of Tai Chi (TC) arms (sixty-minute session × three times per week, 12 weeks). Outcome assessments were performed at three time periods (baseline, Week 6, and Week 12) and included the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for overall cognitive function, One-leg Standing Test (LST) for static balance, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) for dynamic balance, chair Stand Test (CST) for leg power, and the six-meter Walk Test (6MWT) for aerobic exercise capacity. Results: Compared to TC-24 arm, MTC arm demonstrated significantly greater improvements in MoCA, LST, TUGT, CST, and 6MWT (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both forms of TC were effective in enhancing global cognitive function, balance, and fitness. Furthermore, MTC was more effective than TC-24 in enhancing these health-related parameters in an aging population.

ACS Style

Liye Zou; Paul D. Loprinzi; Jane Jie Yu; Lin Yang; Chunxiao Li; Albert S. Yeung; Zhaowei Kong; Shin-Yi Chiou; Tao Xiao. Superior Effects of Modified Chen-Style Tai Chi versus 24-Style Tai Chi on Cognitive Function, Fitness, and Balance Performance in Adults over 55. Brain Sciences 2019, 9, 102 .

AMA Style

Liye Zou, Paul D. Loprinzi, Jane Jie Yu, Lin Yang, Chunxiao Li, Albert S. Yeung, Zhaowei Kong, Shin-Yi Chiou, Tao Xiao. Superior Effects of Modified Chen-Style Tai Chi versus 24-Style Tai Chi on Cognitive Function, Fitness, and Balance Performance in Adults over 55. Brain Sciences. 2019; 9 (5):102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liye Zou; Paul D. Loprinzi; Jane Jie Yu; Lin Yang; Chunxiao Li; Albert S. Yeung; Zhaowei Kong; Shin-Yi Chiou; Tao Xiao. 2019. "Superior Effects of Modified Chen-Style Tai Chi versus 24-Style Tai Chi on Cognitive Function, Fitness, and Balance Performance in Adults over 55." Brain Sciences 9, no. 5: 102.

Review
Published: 18 April 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: The improvement of living standards has led to increases in the prevalence of hypokinetic diseases. In particular, multifactorial complex diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, are becoming more prevalent. Currently, developing effective methods to combat or prevent metabolic syndrome is of critical public health importance. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the existing literature regarding the effects of Wuqinxi exercise on reducing risk factors related to metabolic syndrome. Methods: Both English- and Chinese-language databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of Wuqinxi on these outcomes. Meanwhile, we extracted usable data for computing pooled effect size estimates, along with the random-effects model. Results: The synthesized results showed positive effects of Wuqinxi exercise on systolic blood pressure (SBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.85, p < 0.001, I2 = 24.06%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.00, p < 0.001, I2 = 61.28%), total plasma cholesterol (TC, SMD = 0.88, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.36, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.71%), triglyceride (TG, SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.24, p < 0.001, I2 = 67.22%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.27%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.46, p < 0.001, I2 = 82.27%). In addition, regression results showed that longer-duration Wuqinxi intervention significantly improved DBP (β = 0.00016, Q = 5.72, df = 1, p = 0.02), TC (β = -0.00010, Q = 9.03, df = 1, p = 0.01), TG (β = 0.00012, Q = 6.23, df = 1, p = 0.01), and LDL (β = 0.00011, Q = 5.52, df = 1, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Wuqinxi may be an effective intervention to alleviate the cardiovascular disease risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

ACS Style

Liye Zou; Yangjie Zhang; Jeffer Eidi Sasaki; Albert S. Yeung; Lin Yang; Paul D. Loprinzi; Jian Sun; Shijie Liu; Jane Jie Yu; Shengyan Sun; Yuqiang Mai. Wuqinxi Qigong as an Alternative Exercise for Improving Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1396 .

AMA Style

Liye Zou, Yangjie Zhang, Jeffer Eidi Sasaki, Albert S. Yeung, Lin Yang, Paul D. Loprinzi, Jian Sun, Shijie Liu, Jane Jie Yu, Shengyan Sun, Yuqiang Mai. Wuqinxi Qigong as an Alternative Exercise for Improving Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (8):1396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liye Zou; Yangjie Zhang; Jeffer Eidi Sasaki; Albert S. Yeung; Lin Yang; Paul D. Loprinzi; Jian Sun; Shijie Liu; Jane Jie Yu; Shengyan Sun; Yuqiang Mai. 2019. "Wuqinxi Qigong as an Alternative Exercise for Improving Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8: 1396.

Controlled clinical trial
Published: 30 March 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tai Chi (TC) on anthropometric parameters and physical fitness among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). Sixty-six Chinese individuals engaged in sport-related extracurricular activities (TC and aerobic exercise (AE)) as exercise interventions or arts/crafts activities as a control condition (CON). The experimental protocol consisted of a baseline assessment, a 12-week intervention period, and a post-intervention assessment. Significant interaction effect was only observed in the performance of a 6-min walk test. After 12 weeks of intervention, the AE group had significant changes in body mass index (p = 0.006, d = 0.11), sit-ups (p = 0.030 and d = 0.57), and 6-min walk test (p = 0.005, d = 0.89). Significant increases in vertical jump (p = 0.048, d = 0.41), lower-limb coordination (p = 0.008, d = 0.53), and upper-limb coordination (p = 0.048, d = 0.36) were observed in the TC group. Furthermore, the TC group demonstrated significantly greater improvements on balance compared to the control group (p = 0.011). TC may improve leg power and coordination of both lower and upper limbs, while AE may be beneficial for body mass index, sit-ups and cardiorespiratory fitness.

ACS Style

Zhaowei Kong; Tat-Ming Sze; Jane Jie Yu; Paul D. Loprinzi; Tao Xiao; Albert S. Yeung; Chunxiao Li; Hua Zhang; Liye Zou. Tai Chi as an Alternative Exercise to Improve Physical Fitness for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1152 .

AMA Style

Zhaowei Kong, Tat-Ming Sze, Jane Jie Yu, Paul D. Loprinzi, Tao Xiao, Albert S. Yeung, Chunxiao Li, Hua Zhang, Liye Zou. Tai Chi as an Alternative Exercise to Improve Physical Fitness for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (7):1152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhaowei Kong; Tat-Ming Sze; Jane Jie Yu; Paul D. Loprinzi; Tao Xiao; Albert S. Yeung; Chunxiao Li; Hua Zhang; Liye Zou. 2019. "Tai Chi as an Alternative Exercise to Improve Physical Fitness for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7: 1152.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 12 March 2019 in Research in Developmental Disabilities
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Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have lower physical activity (PA) than children with typical development (TD). PA and fundamental movement skills (FMS) are positively associated so interventions that promote FMS of children with DCD are recommended. To examine the effects of a school-based FMS training program on motor functions, PA and other psychological outcomes. A total of 131 primary children were allocated to FMS training groups (DCD-FMS n = 35, TD-FMS n = 29), which received FMS training (eight weekly 40-min sessions), or to control groups (DCD-C n = 34, TD-C n = 33), which received conventional physical education lessons. Outcome measures, including accelerometer-assessed PA, motor functions, and self-perceived competence and enjoyment, were measured at baseline, 1-week (immediate effect), 3-months (short-term effect) and 12-months (longer-term effect) after the intervention. FMS training resulted in improved FMS proficiency and increased PA and enjoyment of activity participation in children. In particular, the DCD-FMS group reported greater enjoyment over time. Some effects were also evident for both short- and longer-term. The findings suggest that a school-based FMS training program has the potential to promote physical and psychological health in children with DCD in the long run.

ACS Style

Cindy Hui-Ping Sit; Jane Jie Yu; Stephen Heung-Sang Wong; Catherine M. Capio; Richard Masters. A school-based physical activity intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Research in Developmental Disabilities 2019, 89, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Cindy Hui-Ping Sit, Jane Jie Yu, Stephen Heung-Sang Wong, Catherine M. Capio, Richard Masters. A school-based physical activity intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2019; 89 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cindy Hui-Ping Sit; Jane Jie Yu; Stephen Heung-Sang Wong; Catherine M. Capio; Richard Masters. 2019. "A school-based physical activity intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder: A randomized controlled trial." Research in Developmental Disabilities 89, no. : 1-9.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 March 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tai Chi (TC) on arterial stiffness, physical function of lower-limb, and cognitive ability in adults aged over 60. Methods: This study was a prospective and randomized 12-week intervention trial with three repeated measurements (baseline, 6, and 12 weeks). Sixty healthy adults who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into three training conditions (TC-24, TC-42, and TC-56) matched by gender, with 20 participants (10 males, 10 females) in each of the three groups. We measured the following health outcomes, including markers of atherosclerosis, physical function (leg power, and static and dynamic balance) of lower-limb, and cognitive ability. Results: When all three TC groups (p < 0.05) have showed significant improvements on these outcomes but overall cognitive ability at 6 or 12 weeks training period, TC-56 appears to have superior effects on arterial stiffness and static/dynamic balance in the present study. Conclusions: Study results of the present study add to growing body of evidence regarding therapeutic TC for health promotion and disease prevention in aging population. Future studies should further determine whether TC-42 and TC-56 are beneficial for other non-Chinese populations, with rigorous research design and follow-up assessment.

ACS Style

Shengwen Zhou; Yanjie Zhang; Zhaowei Kong; Paul D. Loprinzi; Yang Hu; Jiajie Ye; Shijie Liu; Jane Jie Yu; Liye Zou. The Effects of Tai Chi on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Lower-limb Physical Function, and Cognitive Ability in Adults Aged Over 60: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 753 .

AMA Style

Shengwen Zhou, Yanjie Zhang, Zhaowei Kong, Paul D. Loprinzi, Yang Hu, Jiajie Ye, Shijie Liu, Jane Jie Yu, Liye Zou. The Effects of Tai Chi on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Lower-limb Physical Function, and Cognitive Ability in Adults Aged Over 60: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (5):753.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shengwen Zhou; Yanjie Zhang; Zhaowei Kong; Paul D. Loprinzi; Yang Hu; Jiajie Ye; Shijie Liu; Jane Jie Yu; Liye Zou. 2019. "The Effects of Tai Chi on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Lower-limb Physical Function, and Cognitive Ability in Adults Aged Over 60: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5: 753.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity (PA) of children with physical disabilities (PD) in school and home settings and to simultaneously examine selected contextual characteristics in relation to PA in those settings. Children with PD (N = 35; Mean age = 15.67 ± 4.30 years; 26 boys) were systematically observed using BEACHES (Behaviors of Eating and Activity for Children’s Health: Evaluation System) at school (before school, recess, lunch break, after class) and at home (before dinner) during four normal school days. The children spent most of their time in all five settings being physically inactive, but had slightly more PA during recess and lunch break periods. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that selected contextual characteristics explained 18.9–56.0% (p < 0.01) of the variance predicting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) after controlling for demographic variables. Prompts to be active were positively associated with MVPA at school and the presence of fathers and fathers being motivators at home. This study highlights how little PA that children with PD receive and identifies the importance of the provision of prompts for PA at both school and home with this special population.

ACS Style

Ru Li; Cindy Hui-Ping Sit; Jane Jie Yu; Raymond Kim-Wai Sum; Stephen Heung-Sang Wong; Kenneth Chik-Chi Cheng; Thomas L. McKenzie. Children with Physical Disabilities at School and Home: Physical Activity and Contextual Characteristics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 687 .

AMA Style

Ru Li, Cindy Hui-Ping Sit, Jane Jie Yu, Raymond Kim-Wai Sum, Stephen Heung-Sang Wong, Kenneth Chik-Chi Cheng, Thomas L. McKenzie. Children with Physical Disabilities at School and Home: Physical Activity and Contextual Characteristics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ru Li; Cindy Hui-Ping Sit; Jane Jie Yu; Raymond Kim-Wai Sum; Stephen Heung-Sang Wong; Kenneth Chik-Chi Cheng; Thomas L. McKenzie. 2017. "Children with Physical Disabilities at School and Home: Physical Activity and Contextual Characteristics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 687.