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Dr. Aitor Rementeria
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena,s/n, 48940 LEIOA, Spain

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0 Candida
0 Pathogenesis
0 Proteomics
0 Transcriptomics
0 Aspergillus

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Candida
Aspergillus
Lomentospora/Scedosporium
Proteomics
Pathogenesis

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Review
Published: 28 June 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous soil decomposer and an opportunistic pathogen that is characterized by its large metabolic machinery for acquiring nutrients from media. Lately, an ever-increasing number of genes involved in fungal nutrition has been associated with its virulence. Of these, nitrogen, iron, and zinc metabolism-related genes are particularly noteworthy, since 78% of them have a direct implication in virulence. In this review, we describe the sensing, uptake and regulation process of the acquisition of these nutrients, the connections between pathways and the virulence-implicated genes. Nevertheless, only 40% of the genes mentioned in this review have been assayed for roles in virulence, leaving a wide field of knowledge that remains uncertain and might offer new therapeutic and diagnostic targets.

ACS Style

Uxue Perez-Cuesta; Xabier Guruceaga; Saioa Cendon-Sanchez; Eduardo Pelegri-Martinez; Fernando Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio; Aitor Rementeria. Nitrogen, Iron, and Zinc Acquisition: Key Nutrients to Aspergillus fumigatus Virulence. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 518 .

AMA Style

Uxue Perez-Cuesta, Xabier Guruceaga, Saioa Cendon-Sanchez, Eduardo Pelegri-Martinez, Fernando Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio, Aitor Rementeria. Nitrogen, Iron, and Zinc Acquisition: Key Nutrients to Aspergillus fumigatus Virulence. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (7):518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uxue Perez-Cuesta; Xabier Guruceaga; Saioa Cendon-Sanchez; Eduardo Pelegri-Martinez; Fernando Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio; Aitor Rementeria. 2021. "Nitrogen, Iron, and Zinc Acquisition: Key Nutrients to Aspergillus fumigatus Virulence." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7: 518.

Review
Published: 22 January 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Infections caused by the opportunistic pathogens Scedosporium/Lomentospora are on the rise. This causes problems in the clinic due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating them. This review collates information published on immune response against these fungi, since an understanding of the mechanisms involved is of great interest in developing more effective strategies against them. Scedosporium/Lomentospora cell wall components, including peptidorhamnomannans (PRMs), α-glucans and glucosylceramides, are important immune response activators following their recognition by TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1 and through receptors that are yet unknown. After recognition, cytokine synthesis and antifungal activity of different phagocytes and epithelial cells is species-specific, highlighting the poor response by microglial cells against L. prolificans. Moreover, a great number of Scedosporium/Lomentospora antigens have been identified, most notably catalase, PRM and Hsp70 for their potential medical applicability. Against host immune response, these fungi contain evasion mechanisms, inducing host non-protective response, masking fungal molecular patterns, destructing host defense proteins and decreasing oxidative killing. In conclusion, although many advances have been made, many aspects remain to be elucidated and more research is necessary to shed light on the immune response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora.

ACS Style

Idoia Buldain; Leire Martin-Souto; Aitziber Antoran; Maialen Areitio; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 75 .

AMA Style

Idoia Buldain, Leire Martin-Souto, Aitziber Antoran, Maialen Areitio, Leire Aparicio-Fernandez, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (2):75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Idoia Buldain; Leire Martin-Souto; Aitziber Antoran; Maialen Areitio; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. 2021. "The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 2: 75.

Original research article
Published: 26 November 2020 in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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The detection and diagnosis of the opportunistic fungi Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans still relies mainly on low-sensitive culture-based methods. This fact is especially worrying in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients in whom these fungal species are frequently isolated and may increase the risk of suffering from an infection or other health problems. Therefore, with the purpose of developing a serologic detection method for Scedosporium/Lomentospora, four different Scedosporium boydii protein extracts (whole cell protein extract, secretome, total cell surface and conidial surface associated proteins) were studied by ELISA to select the most useful for IgG detection in sera from CF patients. The four extracts were able to discriminate the Scedosporium/Lomentospora-infected from Aspergillus-infected and non-infected patients. However, the whole cell protein extract was the one selected, as it was the one with the highest output in terms of protein concentration per ml of fungal culture used, and its discriminatory capacity was the best. The ELISA test developed was then assayed with 212 sera from CF patients and it showed to be able to detect Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans with very high sensitivity and specificity, 86%–100% and 93%–99%, respectively, depending on the cut-off value chosen (four values were proposed A450nm= 0.5837, A450nm= 0.6042, A450nm= 0.6404, and A450nm= 0.7099). Thus, although more research is needed to reach a standardized method, this ELISA platform offers a rapid, low-cost and easy solution to detect these elusive fungi through minimally invasive sampling, allowing the monitoring of the humoral response to fungal presence.

ACS Style

Leire Martin-Souto; Idoia Buldain; Maialen Areitio; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Aitziber Antoran; Jean-Philippe Bouchara; Maria Teresa Martin-Gomez; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. ELISA Test for the Serological Detection of Scedosporium/Lomentospora in Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2020, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Leire Martin-Souto, Idoia Buldain, Maialen Areitio, Leire Aparicio-Fernandez, Aitziber Antoran, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Maria Teresa Martin-Gomez, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando L. Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. ELISA Test for the Serological Detection of Scedosporium/Lomentospora in Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2020; 10 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leire Martin-Souto; Idoia Buldain; Maialen Areitio; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Aitziber Antoran; Jean-Philippe Bouchara; Maria Teresa Martin-Gomez; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. 2020. "ELISA Test for the Serological Detection of Scedosporium/Lomentospora in Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 10, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Revista Iberoamericana de Micología
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Mucor circinelloides is an opportunistic fungus capable of causing mucormycosis, a highly aggressive infection of quick spreading. Besides, it also has a high mortality rate due to late diagnosis and difficult treatment. In this study we have identified the most immunoreactive proteins of the secretome and the total protein extract of M. circinelloides using sera from immunocompromised infected mice. The proteins of the secretome and the total extract were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the most immunoreactive antigens were detected by Western Blot, facing the sera of immunocompromised infected mice to the proteins obtained in both extracts of M. circinelloides. Seven antigens were detected in the secretome extract, and two in the total extract, all of them corresponding only to three proteins. The enzyme enolase was detected in both extracts, while triosephosphate isomerase was detected in the secretome, and heat shock protein HSS1 in the total extract. In this work the most immunoreactive antigens of the secretome and the total extract of M. circinelloides were identified. The identified proteins are well known fungal antigens and, therefore, these findings can be useful for future research into alternatives for the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis. Mucor circinelloides es un hongo oportunista causante de la mucormicosis, una infección altamente agresiva y de rápida expansión. Además, también presenta una alta mortalidad debido al diagnóstico tardío y el difícil tratamiento. En este estudio se han identificado las proteínas más inmunorreactivas del secretoma y del extracto total de proteínas de M. circinelloides mediante el uso de sueros obtenidos de ratones inmunodeprimidos infectados. Las proteínas del secretoma y del extracto total se analizaron mediante electroforesis bidimensional y se detectaron los antígenos más inmunorreactivos mediante Western Blot, enfrentando el suero de los ratones inmunodeprimidos infectados a las proteínas obtenidas en ambos extractos de M. circinelloides. Se identificaron 7 antígenos en el secretoma y 2 en el extracto total, todos ellos correspondientes a 3 proteínas. La enolasa se detectó en ambos extractos, mientras que la triosafosfato isomerasa se detectó en el secretoma, y la proteína de choque térmico HSS1 en el extracto total. En este trabajo se identificaron los antígenos más inmunorreactivos del secretoma y del extracto total de M. circinelloides. Todas las proteínas identificadas son antígenos fúngicos muy conocidos y, por ello, estos resultados pueden ser de gran utilidad en futuras investigaciones relacionadas con la mejora del diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la mucormicosis.

ACS Style

Maialen Areitio; Adela Martin-Vicente; Aitana Arbizu; Aitziber Antoran; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Idoia Buldain; Leire Martin-Souto; Aitor Rementeria; Javier Capilla; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. Identification of Mucor circinelloides antigens recognized by sera from immunocompromised infected mice. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 2020, 37, 81 -86.

AMA Style

Maialen Areitio, Adela Martin-Vicente, Aitana Arbizu, Aitziber Antoran, Leire Aparicio-Fernandez, Idoia Buldain, Leire Martin-Souto, Aitor Rementeria, Javier Capilla, Fernando L. Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. Identification of Mucor circinelloides antigens recognized by sera from immunocompromised infected mice. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. 2020; 37 (3-4):81-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maialen Areitio; Adela Martin-Vicente; Aitana Arbizu; Aitziber Antoran; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Idoia Buldain; Leire Martin-Souto; Aitor Rementeria; Javier Capilla; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. 2020. "Identification of Mucor circinelloides antigens recognized by sera from immunocompromised infected mice." Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 37, no. 3-4: 81-86.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Candida albicans is a commensal yeast able to cause life threatening invasive infections particularly in immunocompromised patients. Despite the availability of antifungal treatments, mortality rates are still unacceptably high and drug resistance is increasing. We, therefore, generated the Ca37 monoclonal antibody against the C. albicans alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) 1. Our data showed that Ca37 was able to detect C. albicans cells, and it bound to Adh1 in yeast and Adh2 in hyphae among the cell wall-associated proteins. Moreover, Ca37 was able to inhibit candidal growth following 18 h incubation time and reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration of amphotericin B or fluconazole when used in combination with those antifungals. In addition, the antibody prolonged the survival of C. albicans infected-Galleria mellonella larvae, when C. albicans was exposed to antibody prior to inoculating G. mellonella or by direct application as a therapeutic agent on infected larvae. In conclusion, the Ca37 monoclonal antibody proved to be effective against C. albicans, both in vitro and in vivo, and to act together with antifungal drugs, suggesting Adh proteins could be interesting therapeutic targets against this pathogen.

ACS Style

Aitziber Antoran; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Aize Pellon; Idoia Buldain; Leire Martin-Souto; Aitor Rementeria; Mahmoud A. Ghannoum; Beth Burgwyn Fuchs; Eleftherios Mylonakis; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. The monoclonal antibody Ca37, developed against Candida albicans alcohol dehydrogenase, inhibits the yeast in vitro and in vivo. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Aitziber Antoran, Leire Aparicio-Fernandez, Aize Pellon, Idoia Buldain, Leire Martin-Souto, Aitor Rementeria, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Beth Burgwyn Fuchs, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Fernando L. Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. The monoclonal antibody Ca37, developed against Candida albicans alcohol dehydrogenase, inhibits the yeast in vitro and in vivo. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aitziber Antoran; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Aize Pellon; Idoia Buldain; Leire Martin-Souto; Aitor Rementeria; Mahmoud A. Ghannoum; Beth Burgwyn Fuchs; Eleftherios Mylonakis; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. 2020. "The monoclonal antibody Ca37, developed against Candida albicans alcohol dehydrogenase, inhibits the yeast in vitro and in vivo." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-12.

Review
Published: 20 December 2019 in Toxins
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Fumagillin is a mycotoxin produced, above all, by the saprophytic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. This mold is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause invasive aspergillosis, a disease that has high mortality rates linked to it. Its ability to adapt to environmental stresses through the production of secondary metabolites, including several mycotoxins (gliotoxin, fumagillin, pseurotin A, etc.) also seem to play an important role in causing these infections. Since the discovery of the A. fumigatus fumagillin in 1949, many studies have focused on this toxin and in this review we gather all the information currently available. First of all, the structural characteristics of this mycotoxin and the different methods developed for its determination are given in detail. Then, the biosynthetic gene cluster and the metabolic pathway involved in its production and regulation are explained. The activity of fumagillin on its target, the methionine aminopeptidase type 2 (MetAP2) enzyme, and the effects of blocking this enzyme in the host are also described. Finally, the applications that this toxin and its derivatives have in different fields, such as the treatment of cancer and its microsporicidal activity in the treatment of honeybee hive infections with Nosema spp., are reviewed. Therefore, this work offers a complete review of all the information currently related to the fumagillin mycotoxin secreted by A. fumigatus, important because of its role in the fungal infection process but also because it has many other applications, notably in beekeeping, the treatment of infectious diseases, and in oncology.

ACS Style

Xabier Guruceaga; Uxue Perez-Cuesta; Ana Abad-Diaz De Cerio; Oskar Gonzalez; Rosa M. Alonso; Fernando Luis Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aitor Rementeria. Fumagillin, a Mycotoxin of Aspergillus fumigatus: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities, Detection, and Applications. Toxins 2019, 12, 7 .

AMA Style

Xabier Guruceaga, Uxue Perez-Cuesta, Ana Abad-Diaz De Cerio, Oskar Gonzalez, Rosa M. Alonso, Fernando Luis Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Aitor Rementeria. Fumagillin, a Mycotoxin of Aspergillus fumigatus: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities, Detection, and Applications. Toxins. 2019; 12 (1):7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xabier Guruceaga; Uxue Perez-Cuesta; Ana Abad-Diaz De Cerio; Oskar Gonzalez; Rosa M. Alonso; Fernando Luis Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aitor Rementeria. 2019. "Fumagillin, a Mycotoxin of Aspergillus fumigatus: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities, Detection, and Applications." Toxins 12, no. 1: 7.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2019 in Vaccines
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The high mortality rates of Lomentospora prolificans infections are due, above all, to the tendency of the fungus to infect weakened hosts, late diagnosis and a lack of effective therapeutic treatments. To identify proteins of significance for diagnosis, therapy or prophylaxis, immunoproteomics-based studies are especially important. Consequently, in this study murine disseminated infections were carried out using L. prolificans, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium boydii and Aspergillus fumigatus, and their sera used to identify the most immunoreactive proteins of L. prolificans total extract and secreted proteins. The results showed that L. prolificans was the most virulent species and its infections were characterized by a high fungal load in several organs, including the brain. The proteomics study showed a high cross-reactivity between Scedosporium/Lomentospora species, but not with A. fumigatus. Among the antigens identified were, proteasomal ubiquitin receptor, carboxypeptidase, Vps28, HAD-like hydrolase, GH16, cerato-platanin and a protein of unknown function that showed no or low homology with humans. Finally, Hsp70 deserves a special mention as it was the main antigen recognized by Scedosporium/Lomentospora species in both secretome and total extract. In conclusion, this study identifies antigens of L. prolificans that can be considered as potential candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets and the production of vaccines.

ACS Style

Idoia Buldain; Aize Pellon; Beñat Zaldibar; Aitziber Antoran; Leire Martin-Souto; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Maialen Areitio; Emilio Mayayo; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. Study of Humoral Responses against Lomentospora/Scedosporium spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus to Identify L. prolificans Antigens of Interest for Diagnosis and Treatment. Vaccines 2019, 7, 212 .

AMA Style

Idoia Buldain, Aize Pellon, Beñat Zaldibar, Aitziber Antoran, Leire Martin-Souto, Leire Aparicio-Fernandez, Maialen Areitio, Emilio Mayayo, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando L. Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. Study of Humoral Responses against Lomentospora/Scedosporium spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus to Identify L. prolificans Antigens of Interest for Diagnosis and Treatment. Vaccines. 2019; 7 (4):212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Idoia Buldain; Aize Pellon; Beñat Zaldibar; Aitziber Antoran; Leire Martin-Souto; Leire Aparicio-Fernandez; Maialen Areitio; Emilio Mayayo; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. 2019. "Study of Humoral Responses against Lomentospora/Scedosporium spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus to Identify L. prolificans Antigens of Interest for Diagnosis and Treatment." Vaccines 7, no. 4: 212.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2018 in EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria
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Ikerketa askok mikroorganismoen eta minbizien arteko erlazioak aztertu dituzte, eta erakutsi dute mikroorganismo batzuek minbiziaren agerpena saihesten dutela eta beste batzuek, aldiz, minbizia eragin dezaketela. Hain zuzen ere, gero eta artikulu zientifiko gehiago argitaratzen ari dira mikroorganismoak minbiziaren sortzearekin, ezarpenarekin eta sakabanaketarekin erlazionatuz. Izan ere, mikroorganismoek minbizi guztien % 17,8 eragiten dutela estimatu da. Minbizia sortzeko birusen gaitasuna da gehien ikertu dena eta, ondorioz, minbizia sor dezaketen mekanismo desberdin asko deskribatu dira. Minbizia Ikertzeko Nazioarteko Agentziak zortzi birus 1. mailako «gizakiontzat kartzinogeno»-tzat sailkatu ditu; haien artean, giza papiloma birusa, bi herpesbirus eta bi hepatitisaren birus aurkitzen dira. Bakterioei dagokienez, minbizi-eragileen artean, Helicobacter pylori da gehien ikertu dena urdaileko minbiziarekin erlazionatuta. Baina honetaz gain, beste hainbat bakterio, hala nola Salmonella typhi, Chlamydia pneumoniae eta Streptococcus bovis minbiziarekin zuzenki erlazionatu dira. Onddoek daukaten minbiziarekiko erlazioa oso gutxi ikertu den arren, mikroorganismo hauek sortutako toxina batzuek minbizia eragin dezaketela frogatu da. Horrez gain, Candida albicans onddoak minbiziaren sorrera eta hedapena eragin dezakeen hainbat mekanismo deskribatu dira. Orain arte egindako ikerketek mikroorganismoek minbiziaren garapenean eta sustapenean daukaten eragina agerrarazi dute. Hori dela eta, etorkizunean minbiziari aurre egiteko, minbiziaren eta mikroorganismoen arteko erlazioan sakontzea ezinbestekoa da.

ACS Style

Aitana Arbizu; Aitziber Antoran; Idoia Buldain; Aize Pellon; Xabier Guruceaga; Leire Martin-Souto; Leire Aparicio; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando Luis Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. Mikroorganismoek minbizia eragin dezakete? EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria 2018, 9 -28.

AMA Style

Aitana Arbizu, Aitziber Antoran, Idoia Buldain, Aize Pellon, Xabier Guruceaga, Leire Martin-Souto, Leire Aparicio, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando Luis Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. Mikroorganismoek minbizia eragin dezakete? EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria. 2018; (34):9-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aitana Arbizu; Aitziber Antoran; Idoia Buldain; Aize Pellon; Xabier Guruceaga; Leire Martin-Souto; Leire Aparicio; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando Luis Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia. 2018. "Mikroorganismoek minbizia eragin dezakete?" EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria , no. 34: 9-28.

Research paper
Published: 05 October 2018 in Virulence
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Virulence mechanisms of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are multifactorial and depend on the immune state of the host, but little is known about the fungal mechanism that develops during the process of lung invasion. In this study, microarray technology was combined with a histopathology evaluation of infected lungs so that the invasion strategy followed by the fungus could be described. To achieve this, an intranasal mice infection was performed to extract daily fungal samples from the infected lungs over four days post-infection. The pathological study revealed a heavy fungal progression throughout the lung, reaching the blood vessels on the third day after exposure and causing tissue necrosis. One percent of the fungal genome followed a differential expression pattern during this process. Strikingly, most of the genes of the intertwined fumagillin/pseurotin biosynthetic gene cluster were upregulated as were genes encoding lytic enzymes such as lipases, proteases (DppIV, DppV, Asp f 1 or Asp f 5) and chitinase (chiB1) as well as three genes related with pyomelanin biosynthesis process. Furthermore, we demonstrate that fumagillin is produced in an in vitro pneumocyte cell line infection model and that loss of fumagillin synthesis reduces epithelial cell damage. These results suggest that fumagillin contributes to tissue damage during invasive aspergillosis. Therefore, it is probable that A. fumigatus progresses through the lungs via the production of the mycotoxin fumagillin combined with the secretion of lytic enzymes that allow fungal growth, angioinvasion and the disruption of the lung parenchymal structure.

ACS Style

Xabier Guruceaga; Guillermo Ezpeleta; Emilio Mayayo; Monica Sueiro-Olivares; Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio; José Manuel Aguirre Urízar; Hong G. Liu; Philipp Wiemann; Jin Woo Bok; Scott G. Filler; Nancy P. Keller; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aitor Rementeria. A possible role for fumagillin in cellular damage during host infection by Aspergillus fumigatus. Virulence 2018, 9, 1548 -1561.

AMA Style

Xabier Guruceaga, Guillermo Ezpeleta, Emilio Mayayo, Monica Sueiro-Olivares, Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio, José Manuel Aguirre Urízar, Hong G. Liu, Philipp Wiemann, Jin Woo Bok, Scott G. Filler, Nancy P. Keller, Fernando L. Hernando, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Aitor Rementeria. A possible role for fumagillin in cellular damage during host infection by Aspergillus fumigatus. Virulence. 2018; 9 (1):1548-1561.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xabier Guruceaga; Guillermo Ezpeleta; Emilio Mayayo; Monica Sueiro-Olivares; Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio; José Manuel Aguirre Urízar; Hong G. Liu; Philipp Wiemann; Jin Woo Bok; Scott G. Filler; Nancy P. Keller; Fernando L. Hernando; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aitor Rementeria. 2018. "A possible role for fumagillin in cellular damage during host infection by Aspergillus fumigatus." Virulence 9, no. 1: 1548-1561.

Research article
Published: 26 March 2018 in Cellular Microbiology
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Lomentospora (Scedosporium) prolificans is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. The fungus is able to disseminate via the bloodstream finally arriving at the central nervous system (CNS) producing neurological symptoms and in many cases, patient death. In this context, microglial cells, which are the resident immune cells in the CNS, may play an important role in these infections. However, this aspect of anti‐L. prolificans immunity has been poorly researched to date. Thus, the interactions and activity of microglial cells against L. prolificans were analyzed, and the results show that there was a remarkable impairment in their performance regarding phagocytosis, the development of oxidative burst, and in the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, compared to macrophages. Interestingly, L. prolificans displays great growth also when challenged with immune cells, even when inside them. We also proved that microglial phagocytosis of the fungus is highly dependent on mannose receptor and especially, on dectin‐1. Taken together these data provide evidence for an impaired microglial response against L. prolificans and contribute to understanding the pathobiology of its neurotropism.

ACS Style

Aize Pellón; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Xabier Guruceaga; Alazne Zabala; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Juan Anguita; Aitor Rementería; Carlos Matute; Fernando L. Hernando. Microglial immune response is impaired against the neurotropic fungus Lomentospora prolificans. Cellular Microbiology 2018, 20, e12847 .

AMA Style

Aize Pellón, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Xabier Guruceaga, Alazne Zabala, Idoia Buldain, Aitziber Antoran, Juan Anguita, Aitor Rementería, Carlos Matute, Fernando L. Hernando. Microglial immune response is impaired against the neurotropic fungus Lomentospora prolificans. Cellular Microbiology. 2018; 20 (8):e12847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aize Pellón; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Xabier Guruceaga; Alazne Zabala; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Juan Anguita; Aitor Rementería; Carlos Matute; Fernando L. Hernando. 2018. "Microglial immune response is impaired against the neurotropic fungus Lomentospora prolificans." Cellular Microbiology 20, no. 8: e12847.

Review
Published: 10 March 2018 in Medical Mycology
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Species of Scedosporium and Lomentospora are considered as emerging opportunists, affecting immunosuppressed and otherwise debilitated patients, although classically they are known from causing trauma-associated infections in healthy individuals. Clinical manifestations range from local infection to pulmonary colonization and severe invasive disease, in which mortality rates may be over 80%. These unacceptably high rates are due to the clinical status of patients, diagnostic difficulties, and to intrinsic antifungal resistance of these fungi. In consequence, several consortia have been founded to increase research efforts on these orphan fungi. The current review presents recent findings and summarizes the most relevant points, including the Scedosporium/Lomentospora taxonomy, environmental distribution, epidemiology, pathology, virulence factors, immunology, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies.

ACS Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aize Pellon; Aitor Rementeria; Idoia Buldain; Eliana Barreto-Bergter; Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro; Jardel Vieira De Meirelles; Mariana Ingrid D S Xisto; Stephane Ranque; Vladimir Havlicek; Patrick Vandeputte; Yohann Le Govic; Jean-Philippe Bouchara; Sandrine Giraud; Sharon Chen; Johannes Rainer; Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo; M. Teresa Martin Gomez; Leyre López-Soria; Javier Pemán; Carsten Schwarz; Anne Bernhardt; Kathrin Tintelnot; Javier Capilla; Adela Martin-Vicente; Jose Cano-Lira; Markus Nagl; Michaela Lackner; Laszlo Irinyi; Wieland Meyer; Sybren De Hoog; Fernando L Hernando. Scedosporium and Lomentospora: an updated overview of underrated opportunists. Medical Mycology 2018, 56, S102 -S125.

AMA Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Aize Pellon, Aitor Rementeria, Idoia Buldain, Eliana Barreto-Bergter, Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro, Jardel Vieira De Meirelles, Mariana Ingrid D S Xisto, Stephane Ranque, Vladimir Havlicek, Patrick Vandeputte, Yohann Le Govic, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Sandrine Giraud, Sharon Chen, Johannes Rainer, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, M. Teresa Martin Gomez, Leyre López-Soria, Javier Pemán, Carsten Schwarz, Anne Bernhardt, Kathrin Tintelnot, Javier Capilla, Adela Martin-Vicente, Jose Cano-Lira, Markus Nagl, Michaela Lackner, Laszlo Irinyi, Wieland Meyer, Sybren De Hoog, Fernando L Hernando. Scedosporium and Lomentospora: an updated overview of underrated opportunists. Medical Mycology. 2018; 56 (suppl_1):S102-S125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aize Pellon; Aitor Rementeria; Idoia Buldain; Eliana Barreto-Bergter; Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro; Jardel Vieira De Meirelles; Mariana Ingrid D S Xisto; Stephane Ranque; Vladimir Havlicek; Patrick Vandeputte; Yohann Le Govic; Jean-Philippe Bouchara; Sandrine Giraud; Sharon Chen; Johannes Rainer; Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo; M. Teresa Martin Gomez; Leyre López-Soria; Javier Pemán; Carsten Schwarz; Anne Bernhardt; Kathrin Tintelnot; Javier Capilla; Adela Martin-Vicente; Jose Cano-Lira; Markus Nagl; Michaela Lackner; Laszlo Irinyi; Wieland Meyer; Sybren De Hoog; Fernando L Hernando. 2018. "Scedosporium and Lomentospora: an updated overview of underrated opportunists." Medical Mycology 56, no. suppl_1: S102-S125.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2017 in International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
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The number of fungal isolates resistant to antifungal drugs has increased dramatically over the last few years and has become an important concern for clinicians. Among these isolates, fungi showing multidrug resistance are particularly worrying because of the difficulties associated with their treatment. These factors hamper the successful recovery of patients and drastically raise mortality rates. Antifungal resistance is multifactorial and several mechanisms in different fungi have been described. There is a need to study these mechanisms in depth; however, the study of antifungal drug resistance separately for each individual species makes progress in the field very slow and tedious. The selection of a multiresistant microorganism as a model for understanding resistance mechanisms and extrapolating the results to other species could help in the search for a solution. In this mini-review, we describe the pathobiology of Lomentospora (Scedosporium) prolificans, paying special attention to its intrinsic resistance to all currently available antifungal agents. The characteristics of L. prolificans offer several advantages: the possibility of using a single microorganism for the study of resistance to different drugs, even cases of double and triple resistance; it is biologically safe for society in general as no new genetically–modified strains are needed for the experiments; it is homologous with other fungal species, and there is repetitiveness between different strains. In conclusion, we propose L. prolificans as a candidate for consideration as a fungal model for the study of resistance mechanisms against antifungal agents.

ACS Style

Aize Pellon; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Leire Martin Souto; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando. Pathobiology of Lomentospora prolificans : could this species serve as a model of primary antifungal resistance? International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2017, 51, 10 -15.

AMA Style

Aize Pellon, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Idoia Buldain, Aitziber Antoran, Leire Martin Souto, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando L. Hernando. Pathobiology of Lomentospora prolificans : could this species serve as a model of primary antifungal resistance? International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2017; 51 (1):10-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aize Pellon; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Leire Martin Souto; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando. 2017. "Pathobiology of Lomentospora prolificans : could this species serve as a model of primary antifungal resistance?" International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 51, no. 1: 10-15.

Review
Published: 08 May 2017 in Mycopathologia
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that increases the risk of suffering microbial, including fungal, infections. In this paper, proteomics-based information was collated relating to secreted and cell wall proteins with potential medical applications from the most common filamentous fungi in CF, i.e., Aspergillus and Scedosporium/Lomentospora species. Among the Aspergillus fumigatus secreted allergens, β-1,3-endoglucanase, the alkaline protease 1 (Alp1/oryzin), Asp f 2, Asp f 13/15, chitinase, chitosanase, dipeptidyl-peptidase V (DppV), the metalloprotease Asp f 5, mitogillin/Asp f 1, and thioredoxin reductase receive a special mention. In addition, the antigens β-glucosidase 1, catalase, glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase EglC, β-1,3-glucanosyltransferases Gel1 and Gel2, and glutaminase A were also identified in secretomes of other Aspergillus species associated with CF: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus terreus. Regarding cell wall proteins, cytochrome P450 and eEF-3 were proposed as diagnostic targets, and alkaline protease 2 (Alp2), Asp f 3 (putative peroxiredoxin pmp20), probable glycosidases Asp f 9/Crf1 and Crf2, GPI-anchored protein Ecm33, β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase Gel4, conidial hydrophobin Hyp1/RodA, and secreted aspartyl protease Pep2 as protective vaccines in A. fumigatus. On the other hand, for Scedosporium/Lomentospora species, the heat shock protein Hsp70 stands out as a relevant secreted and cell wall antigen. Additionally, the secreted aspartyl proteinase and an ortholog of Asp f 13, as well as the cell wall endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase and 1,3-β-glucanosyl transferase, were also found to be significant proteins. In conclusion, proteins mentioned in this review may be promising candidates for developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools for fungal infections in CF patients.

ACS Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aize Pellon; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Aitana Arbizu-Delgado; Xabier Guruceaga; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando. Proteomics as a Tool to Identify New Targets Against Aspergillus and Scedosporium in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis. Mycopathologia 2017, 183, 273 -289.

AMA Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Aize Pellon, Idoia Buldain, Aitziber Antoran, Aitana Arbizu-Delgado, Xabier Guruceaga, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando L. Hernando. Proteomics as a Tool to Identify New Targets Against Aspergillus and Scedosporium in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis. Mycopathologia. 2017; 183 (1):273-289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aize Pellon; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Aitana Arbizu-Delgado; Xabier Guruceaga; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando. 2017. "Proteomics as a Tool to Identify New Targets Against Aspergillus and Scedosporium in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis." Mycopathologia 183, no. 1: 273-289.

Research article
Published: 31 March 2017 in PLOS ONE
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The filamentous fungus Lomentospora (Scedosporium) prolificans is an emerging opportunistic pathogen associated with fatal infections in patients with disturbed immune function. Unfortunately, conventional therapies are hardly of any use against this fungus due to its intrinsic resistance. Therefore, we performed an integrated study of the L. prolificans responses to the first option to treat these mycoses, namely voriconazole, with the aim of unveiling mechanisms involved in the resistance to this compound. To do that, we used a wide range of techniques, including fluorescence and electron microscopy to study morphological alterations, ion chromatography to measure changes in cell-wall carbohydrate composition, and proteomics-based techniques to identify the proteins differentially expressed under the presence of the drug. Significantly, we showed drastic changes occurring in cell shape after voriconazole exposure, L. prolificans hyphae being shorter and wider than under control conditions. Interestingly, we proved that the architecture and carbohydrate composition of the cell wall had been modified in the presence of the drug. Specifically, L. prolificans constructed a more complex organelle with a higher presence of glucans and mannans. In addition to this, we identified several differentially expressed proteins, including Srp1 and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), as the most overexpressed under voriconazole-induced stress conditions. The mechanisms described in this study, which may be directly related to L. prolificans antifungal resistance or tolerance, could be used as targets to improve existing therapies or to develop new ones in order to successfully eliminate these mycoses.

ACS Style

Aize Pellon; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Aitor Rementería; Fernando L. Hernando. Molecular and cellular responses of the pathogenic fungus Lomentospora prolificans to the antifungal drug voriconazole. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0174885 .

AMA Style

Aize Pellon, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Idoia Buldain, Aitziber Antoran, Aitor Rementería, Fernando L. Hernando. Molecular and cellular responses of the pathogenic fungus Lomentospora prolificans to the antifungal drug voriconazole. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (3):e0174885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aize Pellon; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Aitor Rementería; Fernando L. Hernando. 2017. "Molecular and cellular responses of the pathogenic fungus Lomentospora prolificans to the antifungal drug voriconazole." PLOS ONE 12, no. 3: e0174885.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Drug Delivery
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Transplantation of cells within alginate microspheres has been extensively studied for sustained drug delivery. However, the lack of control over cell behavior represents a major concern regarding the efficacy and the safety of the therapy. Here, we demonstrated that when formulating the biosystem, an adequate selection of osmolarity adjusting agents significantly contributes to the regulation of cell responses. Our data showed that these agents interact in the capsule formation process, influencing the alginate crosslinking degree. Therefore, when selecting inert or electrolyte-based osmolarity adjusting agents to encapsulate D1 multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), alginate microcapsules with differing mechanical properties were obtained. Since mechanical forces acting on cells influence their behavior, contrasting cell responses were observed both, in vitro and in vivo. When employing mannitol as an inert osmolarity adjusting agent, microcapsules presented a more permissive matrix, allowing a tumoral-like behavior. This resulted in the formation of enormous cell-aggregates that presented necrotic cores and protruding peripheral cells, rendering the therapy unpredictable, dysfunctional, and unsafe. Conversely, the use of electrolyte osmolarity adjusting agents, including calcium or sodium, provided the capsule with a suitable crosslinking degree that established a tight control over cell proliferation and enabled an adequate therapeutic regimen in vivo. The crucial impact of these agents was confirmed when gene expression studies reported pivotal divergences not only in proliferative pathways, but also in genes involved in survival, migration, and differentiation. Altogether, our results prove osmolarity adjusting agents as an effective tool to regulate cell behavior and obtain safer and more predictable therapies.

ACS Style

Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana; Aitor Rementeria; Francisco Javier Blanco; Manoli Igartua; Jose Luis Pedraz; Edorta Santos-Vizcaino; Rosa Maria Hernandez. The role of osmolarity adjusting agents in the regulation of encapsulated cell behavior to provide a safer and more predictable delivery of therapeutics. Drug Delivery 2017, 24, 1654 -1666.

AMA Style

Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana, Aitor Rementeria, Francisco Javier Blanco, Manoli Igartua, Jose Luis Pedraz, Edorta Santos-Vizcaino, Rosa Maria Hernandez. The role of osmolarity adjusting agents in the regulation of encapsulated cell behavior to provide a safer and more predictable delivery of therapeutics. Drug Delivery. 2017; 24 (1):1654-1666.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana; Aitor Rementeria; Francisco Javier Blanco; Manoli Igartua; Jose Luis Pedraz; Edorta Santos-Vizcaino; Rosa Maria Hernandez. 2017. "The role of osmolarity adjusting agents in the regulation of encapsulated cell behavior to provide a safer and more predictable delivery of therapeutics." Drug Delivery 24, no. 1: 1654-1666.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2016 in PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications
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The study of the immunocompetent airways immune response may provide important information to improve the therapeutic efficacy against Lomentospora (Scedosporium) prolificans. So, this study aimed to identify the most prevalent conidial antigens of this multiresistant fungus recognized by healthy human salivary immunoglobulin A, and to study their expression and cross-reactivity with other fungal species. Twenty saliva from immunocompetent donors were used to detect and identify the immunoreactive proteins by 2D immunoblotting and LC-MS/MS. Moreover, anti-Aspergillus antibodies were purified to study their cross-reactivity. Ten proteins of L. prolificans conidia showed reactivity with more than 50% of the saliva samples. Among them, cyclophilin and enolase were the most prevalent antigens recognized by 85 and 80% of the samples, respectively. These enzymes were also identified on the cell wall surface of L. prolificans and on the immunomes of Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium aurantiacum. Additionally, they showed cross-reactivity with the most common pathogenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. These results show that the immunocompetent immune response might offer a pan-fungal recognition of conserved antigens such as enolase and cyclophilins, making them potential candidates for study as therapeutic targets.

ACS Style

Idoia Buldain; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aize Pellon; Aitziber Antoran; Maria Jesus Sevilla; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando. Cyclophilin and enolase are the most prevalent conidial antigens of Lomentospora prolificans recognized by healthy human salivary IgA and cross-react with Aspergillus fumigatus. PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications 2016, 10, 1058 -1067.

AMA Style

Idoia Buldain, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Aize Pellon, Aitziber Antoran, Maria Jesus Sevilla, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando L. Hernando. Cyclophilin and enolase are the most prevalent conidial antigens of Lomentospora prolificans recognized by healthy human salivary IgA and cross-react with Aspergillus fumigatus. PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications. 2016; 10 (9-10):1058-1067.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Idoia Buldain; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aize Pellon; Aitziber Antoran; Maria Jesus Sevilla; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando. 2016. "Cyclophilin and enolase are the most prevalent conidial antigens of Lomentospora prolificans recognized by healthy human salivary IgA and cross-react with Aspergillus fumigatus." PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications 10, no. 9-10: 1058-1067.

Research article
Published: 21 January 2016 in Journal of Proteome Research
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The filamentous fungus Lomentospora prolificans is an emerging pathogen causing severe infections mainly among the immunocompromised population. These diseases course with high mortality rates due to great virulence of the fungus, its inherent resistance to available antifungals, and absence of specific diagnostic tools. Despite being widespread in humanized environments, L. prolificans rarely causes infections in immunocompetent individuals likely due to their developed protective immune response. In this study, conidial and hyphal immunomes against healthy human serum IgG were analyzed, identifying immunodominant antigens and establishing their prevalence among the immunocompetent population. Thirteen protein spots from each morph were detected as reactive against at least 70% of serum samples, and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Hence, the most seroprevalent antigens were WD40 repeat 2 protein, malate dehydrogenase, and DHN1, in conidia, and heat shock protein (Hsp) 70, Hsp90, ATP synthase β subunit, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, in hyphae. More interestingly, the presence of some of these seroprevalent antigens was determined on the cell surface, as Hsp70, enolase, or Hsp90. Thus, we have identified a diverse set of antigenic proteins, both in the entire proteome and cell surface subproteome, which may be used as targets to develop innovative therapeutic or diagnostic tools.

ACS Style

Aize Pellon; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando. Immunoproteomics-Based Analysis of the Immunocompetent Serological Response toLomentospora prolificans. Journal of Proteome Research 2016, 15, 595 -607.

AMA Style

Aize Pellon, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Idoia Buldain, Aitziber Antoran, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando L. Hernando. Immunoproteomics-Based Analysis of the Immunocompetent Serological Response toLomentospora prolificans. Journal of Proteome Research. 2016; 15 (2):595-607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aize Pellon; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Idoia Buldain; Aitziber Antoran; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando. 2016. "Immunoproteomics-Based Analysis of the Immunocompetent Serological Response toLomentospora prolificans." Journal of Proteome Research 15, no. 2: 595-607.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2015 in Microbiology
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Aspergillus fumigatus is considered to be the most prevalent airborne pathogenic fungus and can cause invasive diseases in immunocompromised patients. It is known that its virulence is multifactorial although the mechanisms of pathogenicity remain unclear. With the aim of improving our understanding of these mechanisms, we have designed a new expression microarray covering the entire genome of A. fumigatus. In this first study, we have analyzed the transcriptomes of this fungus at the first steps of germination after being grown at 24 and 37ºC. The microarray data revealed that 1,249 genes were differentially expressed with growth at these two temperatures. According to our results, A. fumigatus modifies significantly the expression of genes related to metabolism to adapt to new conditions. The high percentages of genes that encode hypothetical or unclassified proteins differentially expressed imply that many as yet unknown genes are involved in the establishment of A. fumigatus infection. Furthermore, among the genes implicated in virulence up-regulated at 37ºC on the microarray, we found those that encoded proteins mainly related to allergens (Asp F1, Asp F2 and MnSOD), gliotoxin biosynthesis (GliP and GliZ), nitrogen (NiiA and NiaD) or iron (HapX, SreA, SidD and SidC) metabolism. However, the gene expression in iron and nitrogen metabolisms might be influenced not only by the heat shock but also by the availability of nutrients in the medium, as shown with the addition of fresh medium.

ACS Style

Mónica Sueiro-Olivares; Eva Gorospe; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando; Xabier Guruceaga; Javier Garaizar; Ana Abad Diaz DE Cerio; Javier Margareto; Elisabeth Pascual; Jimena V. Fernandez-Molina. Aspergillus fumigatus transcriptome response to a higher temperature during the earliest steps of germination monitored using a new customized expression microarray. Microbiology 2015, 161, 490 -502.

AMA Style

Mónica Sueiro-Olivares, Eva Gorospe, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Aitor Rementeria, Fernando L. Hernando, Xabier Guruceaga, Javier Garaizar, Ana Abad Diaz DE Cerio, Javier Margareto, Elisabeth Pascual, Jimena V. Fernandez-Molina. Aspergillus fumigatus transcriptome response to a higher temperature during the earliest steps of germination monitored using a new customized expression microarray. Microbiology. 2015; 161 (3):490-502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mónica Sueiro-Olivares; Eva Gorospe; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aitor Rementeria; Fernando L. Hernando; Xabier Guruceaga; Javier Garaizar; Ana Abad Diaz DE Cerio; Javier Margareto; Elisabeth Pascual; Jimena V. Fernandez-Molina. 2015. "Aspergillus fumigatus transcriptome response to a higher temperature during the earliest steps of germination monitored using a new customized expression microarray." Microbiology 161, no. 3: 490-502.

Evaluation study
Published: 01 October 2014 in Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
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Invasive aspergillosis is an opportunistic infection caused primarily by Aspergillus fumigatus. However, other common fungal pathogens belonging to section Fumigati are often misidentified as A. fumigatus. Thus, we have developed a multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) assay with primers and specific TaqMan probes based on internal transcribed spacer regions or benA gene to discriminate, in less than 3 h, species of section Fumigati and, specifically, A. fumigatus. The multiplex qPCR showed a limit of detection of 20 and 50 fg of DNA for section Fumigati and A. fumigatus, respectively. Moreover, it enabled detection of a single germinated conidia. The inclusion of some PCR facilitators together with the dilution of samples makes it possible to completely avoid PCR inhibitions in all bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples assayed. This technique may be a useful complementary tool in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus using BAL fluid.

ACS Style

J.V. Fernandez-Molina; Ana Abad Diaz DE Cerio; M. Sueiro-Olivares; Aize Pellon; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; J. Garaizar; Javier Pemán; F.L. Hernando; A. Rementeria. Rapid and specific detection of section Fumigati and Aspergillus fumigatus in human samples using a new multiplex real-time PCR. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2014, 80, 111 -118.

AMA Style

J.V. Fernandez-Molina, Ana Abad Diaz DE Cerio, M. Sueiro-Olivares, Aize Pellon, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, J. Garaizar, Javier Pemán, F.L. Hernando, A. Rementeria. Rapid and specific detection of section Fumigati and Aspergillus fumigatus in human samples using a new multiplex real-time PCR. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2014; 80 (2):111-118.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.V. Fernandez-Molina; Ana Abad Diaz DE Cerio; M. Sueiro-Olivares; Aize Pellon; Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; J. Garaizar; Javier Pemán; F.L. Hernando; A. Rementeria. 2014. "Rapid and specific detection of section Fumigati and Aspergillus fumigatus in human samples using a new multiplex real-time PCR." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 80, no. 2: 111-118.

Review
Published: 25 June 2014 in Critical Reviews in Microbiology
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There is currently increasing concern about the relation between microbial infections and cancer. More and more studies support the view that there is an association, above all, when the causal agents are bacteria or viruses. This review adds to this, summarizing evidence that the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans increases the risk of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Until recent years, Candida spp. had fundamentally been linked to cancerous processes as it is an opportunist pathogen that takes advantage of the immunosuppressed state of patients particularly due to chemotherapy. In contrast, the most recent findings demonstrate that C. albicans is capable of promoting cancer by several mechanisms, as described in the review: production of carcinogenic byproducts, triggering of inflammation, induction of Th17 response and molecular mimicry. We underline the need not only to control this type of infection during cancer treatment, especially given the major role of this yeast species in nosocomial infections, but also to find new therapeutic approaches to avoid the pro-tumor effect of this fungal species.

ACS Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aitor Rementeria; Jose Manuel Aguirre-Urizar; Maria-Dolores Moragues; Aitziber Antoran; Aize Pellon; Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio; Fernando Luis Hernando. Candida albicansand cancer: Can this yeast induce cancer development or progression? Critical Reviews in Microbiology 2014, 42, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Aitor Rementeria, Jose Manuel Aguirre-Urizar, Maria-Dolores Moragues, Aitziber Antoran, Aize Pellon, Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio, Fernando Luis Hernando. Candida albicansand cancer: Can this yeast induce cancer development or progression? Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 2014; 42 (2):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andoni Ramirez-Garcia; Aitor Rementeria; Jose Manuel Aguirre-Urizar; Maria-Dolores Moragues; Aitziber Antoran; Aize Pellon; Ana Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio; Fernando Luis Hernando. 2014. "Candida albicansand cancer: Can this yeast induce cancer development or progression?" Critical Reviews in Microbiology 42, no. 2: 1-13.