This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for complete observability of a power system for normal operating conditions, as well as for single branch outages. A binary search algorithm is used to determine the minimum number of PMUs needed to make the system observable. In case of more than one solution, a strategy is proposed to select the solution resulting in the most preferred pattern of measurement redundancy. The proposed method is used to benchmark the optimal PMU placement solutions for the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 24-bus, IEEE 30-bus and New England 39-bus test systems. The proposed method is applied on a 298-bus system to determine the optimal placement of PMUs when conventional measurements are available.

This paper presents a method for the use of synchronized measurements for complete observability of a power system. The placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs), utilizing time-synchronized measurements of voltage and current phasors, is studied in this paper. An integer quadratic programming approach is used to minimize the total number of PMUs required, and to maximize the measurement redundancy at the power system buses. Existing conventional measurements can also be accommodated in the proposed PMU placement method. Complete observability of the system is ensured under normal operating conditions as well as under the outage of a single transmission line or a single PMU. Simulation results on the IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus, and 118-bus test systems as well as on a 298-bus test system are presented in this paper.

Three different methods of inclusion of current measurements by phasor measurement units (PMUs) in a power system state estimator is investigated. A comprehensive formulation of the hybrid state estimator incorporating conventional, as well as PMU measurements, is presented for each of the three methods. The behaviour of the elements because of the current measurements in the measurement Jacobian matrix is examined for any possible ill-conditioning of the state estimator gain matrix. The performances of the state estimators are compared in terms of the convergence properties and the variance in the estimated states. The IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 300-bus systems are used as test beds for the study.

Transient stability analysis is performed to assess the power system's condition after a severe contingency and is carried out using simulations. To adequately assess the system's transient stability, the correct dynamic models for the machines (i.e., generators, condensers, and motors) along with their dynamic parameters must be defined. The IEEE test systems contain the data required for steady-state studies. However, neither the dynamic model of the machines nor their specific parameters have been established for transient studies. As a result, there is a demand for test bed systems suitable for transient analysis. This paper defines dynamic machine models along with their parameters for each IEEE test bed system, thus producing full dynamic models for all test systems. It is important to mention that the parameters of the proposed dynamic models are based on typical data. The test systems are subjected to large disturbances, and a case study for each test system, which examines the frequency, angle, and voltage stability, is presented. Furthermore, the proposed dynamic IEEE test systems, implemented in PowerWorld, are available online.

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the power grid requires high-quality power injection under various grid conditions. The synchronization method, usually a phase-locked loop (PLL) algorithm, is directly affecting the response of the grid-side converter of the RES. This paper proposes a new PLL algorithm that uses an advanced decoupling network implemented in the stationary reference frame with limited requirements for processing time to enable a fast and accurate synchronization even under harmonic distorted voltage and low-voltage grid faults. The robust response of the proposed PLL is validated, and the effect of the proposed synchronization on the performance of the grid-connected renewable energy system is investigated. This investigation proves that the robust, accurate, and dynamic response of the new PLL can enhance the quality of the injected power from the RES and can also enable an appropriate fault-ride-through operation under harmonic distorted voltage and grid faults.