¹²⁴Iodine (¹²⁴I) with its 4.2 d half-life is particularly attractive forin vivodetection and quantification of longer-term biological and physiological processes; the long half-life of¹²⁴I is especially suited for prolonged timein vivostudies of high molecular weight compounds uptake. Numerous small molecules and larger compounds like proteins and antibodies have been successfully labeled with¹²⁴I. Advances in radionuclide production allow the effective availability of sufficient quantities of¹²⁴I on small biomedical cyclotrons for molecular imaging purposes. Radioiodination chemistry with¹²⁴I relies on well-established radioiodine labeling methods, which consists mainly in nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions. The physical characteristics of¹²⁴I permit taking advantages of the higher PET image quality. The availability of new molecules that may be targeted with¹²⁴I represents one of the more interesting reasons for the attention in nuclear medicine. We aim to discuss all iodine radioisotopes application focusing on¹²⁴I, which seems to be the most promising for its half-life, radiation emissions, and stability, allowing several applications in oncological and nononcological fields.

Copper (Cu) is an important trace element in humans; it plays a role as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and other proteins crucial for respiration, iron transport, metabolism, cell growth, and hemostasis. Natural copper comprises two stable isotopes,⁶³Cu and⁶⁵Cu, and 5 principal radioisotopes for molecular imaging applications (⁶⁰Cu,⁶¹Cu,⁶²Cu, and⁶⁴Cu) and in vivo targeted radiation therapy (⁶⁴Cu and⁶⁷Cu). The two potential ways to produce Cu radioisotopes concern the use of the cyclotron or the reactor. A noncopper target is used to produce noncarrier-added Cu thanks to a chemical separation from the target material using ion exchange chromatography achieving a high amount of radioactivity with the lowest possible amount of nonradioactive isotopes. In recent years, Cu isotopes have been linked to antibodies, proteins, peptides, and nanoparticles for preclinical and clinical research; pathological conditions that influence Cu metabolism such as Menkes syndrome, Wilson disease, inflammation, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance have been studied. We aim to discuss all Cu radioisotopes application focusing on⁶⁴Cu and in particular its form⁶⁴CuCl₂that seems to be the most promising for its half-life, radiation emissions, and stability with chelators, allowing several applications in oncological and nononcological fields.