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This study is trying to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures and financial performances (FP) through mediating role of the employee productivity (EP). This study classifies the CSR performances into four contexts, for instance, environment social governance (ESG), environmental improvement activity scores of CSR, social welfare activity score, and governance structure improvement score. The banking performance is classified into three different aspects such as returns on assets (ROA), returns on equity (ROE), and nominal interest margin profit (NIMP). The study covers the data set start from 2008 to 2019 regarding thirty commercial banks of China. The study uses the linear, non-linear, and quadratic techniques to explore the association between CSR disclosures and banking performances. The linear model result shows that the governance score is significant influencing the banking performance. Moreover, the employee productivities are also positive significant affecting the baking performances. The non-linear results of model show that composite score of ESG with employee productivity has significant influence on financial performance.
Raza Ali Tunio; Riaz Hussain Jamali; Aamir Ali Mirani; Ghansham Das; Mushtaque Ahmed Laghari; Jin Xiao. The relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosures and financial performance: a mediating role of employee productivity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 10661 -10677.
AMA StyleRaza Ali Tunio, Riaz Hussain Jamali, Aamir Ali Mirani, Ghansham Das, Mushtaque Ahmed Laghari, Jin Xiao. The relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosures and financial performance: a mediating role of employee productivity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (9):10661-10677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaza Ali Tunio; Riaz Hussain Jamali; Aamir Ali Mirani; Ghansham Das; Mushtaque Ahmed Laghari; Jin Xiao. 2020. "The relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosures and financial performance: a mediating role of employee productivity." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 9: 10661-10677.
The main objective of this paper is to examine the long-term effects of financial development, economic growth, energy consumption (electricity consumption in the agriculture sector), foreign direct investment (FDI), and population on the environmental quality in Pakistan during the period of 1980 to 2016. We use CO2 emissions from the agriculture sector as a proxy indicator for environmental quality. We employ various unit root tests (e.g., ADF, PP, ERS, KPSS) and structural break unit root tests (Z&A, CMR) to check the stationarity and structural break in the data series. Cointegration tests, i.e., Johansen, Engle-Granger, and ARDL cointegration approaches are used to ensure their robustness. Results showed that significant long-term cointegration exists among the variables. Findings also indicated that an increase in financial development and foreign direct investment (FDI) improves environmental quality, whereas the increase in economic growth and electricity consumption in the agriculture sector degrades environmental quality in Pakistan. Based on the findings, we suggest policymakers should provide a conducive environment for foreign investment. Moreover, it is also suggested that a reliance on fossil fuels be reduced and a transition to renewable energy sources be encouraged to decrease the environmental pollution in the country.
Abbas Ali Chandio; Yuansheng Jiang; Abdul Rauf; Amir Ali Mirani; Rashid Usman Shar; Fayyaz Ahmad; Khurram Shehzad. Does Energy-Growth and Environment Quality Matter for Agriculture Sector in Pakistan or not? An Application of Cointegration Approach. Energies 2019, 12, 1879 .
AMA StyleAbbas Ali Chandio, Yuansheng Jiang, Abdul Rauf, Amir Ali Mirani, Rashid Usman Shar, Fayyaz Ahmad, Khurram Shehzad. Does Energy-Growth and Environment Quality Matter for Agriculture Sector in Pakistan or not? An Application of Cointegration Approach. Energies. 2019; 12 (10):1879.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbas Ali Chandio; Yuansheng Jiang; Abdul Rauf; Amir Ali Mirani; Rashid Usman Shar; Fayyaz Ahmad; Khurram Shehzad. 2019. "Does Energy-Growth and Environment Quality Matter for Agriculture Sector in Pakistan or not? An Application of Cointegration Approach." Energies 12, no. 10: 1879.