This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an ambitious development project initiated by the Chinese government to foster economic progress worldwide. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the dynamics of energy, economy, and environment among 42 BRI developing countries using an annual frequency panel dataset from 1995 to 2019. The major findings from the econometric analyses revealed that higher levels of energy consumption, economic growth, population growth rate, and FDI inflows exhibit adverse environmental consequences by boosting the CO2 emission figures of the selected developing BRI member nations. However, it is interesting to observe that exploiting renewable energy sources, which are relatively cleaner compared to the traditionally-consumed fossil fuels, and fostering agricultural sector development can significantly improve environmental well-being by curbing the emission levels further. On the other hand, financial development is found to be ineffective in explaining the variations in the CO2 emission figures of the selected countries. Besides, the causality analysis shows that higher energy consumption, FDI inflows, and agricultural development cause environmental pollution by boosting CO2 emissions. However, economic growth, technology development, financial progress, and renewable energy consumption are evidenced to exhibit bidirectional causal associations with CO2 emissions. In line with these findings, several relevant policies can be recommended for the BRI to be environmentally sustainable.
Mohammed Shakib; Hou Yumei; Abdul Rauf; Mahmudul Alam; Muntasir Murshed; Haider Mahmood. Revisiting the energy-economy-environment relationships for attaining environmental sustainability: evidence from Belt and Road Initiative countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMohammed Shakib, Hou Yumei, Abdul Rauf, Mahmudul Alam, Muntasir Murshed, Haider Mahmood. Revisiting the energy-economy-environment relationships for attaining environmental sustainability: evidence from Belt and Road Initiative countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Shakib; Hou Yumei; Abdul Rauf; Mahmudul Alam; Muntasir Murshed; Haider Mahmood. 2021. "Revisiting the energy-economy-environment relationships for attaining environmental sustainability: evidence from Belt and Road Initiative countries." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-18.
The present study investigated the impact of energy- and economy-related variables on CO2 emissions in 49 countries of the Belt and Road Initiative from 1995–2018. The robust type of cross-section dependence and heterogeneity methods was adopted to analyze data set of countries. Energy consumption, foreign direct investment, medium and high-tech industry, and GDP have been found highly unfavorable for the ecological health (CO2 emissions) in 49 nations on BRI panel. However, renewable energy consumption has been found in positive correlation with environmental quality (CO2). Financial development indicator has no significant impact on CO2 emissions in present study. The present outcomes clearly claim strong relationship of economic growth and energy with increased CO2 emissions in 49 nations. Therefore, it is important for policy makers, experts, and governments to incentivize and appreciate portfolio investors for sustainable green investments to transform the economic growth into a sustainable and energy efficient development.
Abdul Jalil; Abdul Rauf; Waqas Sikander; Zhang Yonghong; Wang Tiebang. Energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental sustainability challenges for Belt and Road countries: a fresh insight from “Chinese Going Global Strategy”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleAbdul Jalil, Abdul Rauf, Waqas Sikander, Zhang Yonghong, Wang Tiebang. Energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental sustainability challenges for Belt and Road countries: a fresh insight from “Chinese Going Global Strategy”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Jalil; Abdul Rauf; Waqas Sikander; Zhang Yonghong; Wang Tiebang. 2021. "Energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental sustainability challenges for Belt and Road countries: a fresh insight from “Chinese Going Global Strategy”." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-13.
Purpose This study aims to investigate the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth in Pakistan for the period of 1960–2018. Design/methodology/approach The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the Johansen co-integration test and the dynamic ordinary least squared (DOLS) method are used for the evaluation. Findings The results show that in both short- and long run, domestic credit has a significantly negative impact on the agricultural growth, while broad money and cropped area positively affected the agricultural growth in Pakistan in both cases. Practical implications The government and policymakers need to develop strategies that bring together agriculturalists on a single platform so that the government can clearly distinguish the interests of these farmers and can obtain precise information for allocating agricultural expenditure and easing access to credit for small-scale agriculturalists. Originality/value This is the first study to evaluate the impact of financial inclusion on the agricultural growth in Pakistan by using different econometric techniques, including the ARDL-bound approach, Johansen co-integration test and DOLS method.
Usman Farooq; Fu Gang; Zhenzhong Guan; Abdul Rauf; Abbas Ali Chandio; Faiza Ahsan. Exploring the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth: evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Emerging Markets 2021, ahead-of-p, 1 .
AMA StyleUsman Farooq, Fu Gang, Zhenzhong Guan, Abdul Rauf, Abbas Ali Chandio, Faiza Ahsan. Exploring the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth: evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Emerging Markets. 2021; ahead-of-p (ahead-of-p):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsman Farooq; Fu Gang; Zhenzhong Guan; Abdul Rauf; Abbas Ali Chandio; Faiza Ahsan. 2021. "Exploring the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth: evidence from Pakistan." International Journal of Emerging Markets ahead-of-p, no. ahead-of-p: 1.
This paper investigates the local community support for the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) using the lens of social exchange theory. The study examines the direct effect of social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors on the local community support for CPEC projects, and the resultant impacts on the development and sustainability of the rural economy of Pakistan. The study also explores the moderation effect of media influence on shaping positive perceptions of CPEC among the local populace. The local communities at the CPEC route which are affected or can be affected by the project were targeted for data collection using a structured questionnaire. The collected valid data (N = 259) were thoroughly analyzed by obtaining reliability and validity statistics, a correlation matrix, multiple regression, moderation analysis, and hypotheses testing. Our results substantiate that the local community support for the CPEC project is heavily dependent on social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors and that there is a positive influence of media impact as an opinion-maker in the local community regarding the CPEC. The CPEC is expected to develop the rural economy, particularly through improvements in agriculture and allied activities, thereby providing livelihoods and income-generating opportunities to the rural masses. The article is important for regulators, the CPEC authority, government bodies, and the relevant community.
Inam Khalil; Sehresh Hena; Usman Ghani; Raza Ullah; Inayatullah Jan; Abdul Rauf; Abdul Rehman; Azhar Abbas; Luan Jingdong. Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC. Sustainability 2021, 13, 686 .
AMA StyleInam Khalil, Sehresh Hena, Usman Ghani, Raza Ullah, Inayatullah Jan, Abdul Rauf, Abdul Rehman, Azhar Abbas, Luan Jingdong. Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):686.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInam Khalil; Sehresh Hena; Usman Ghani; Raza Ullah; Inayatullah Jan; Abdul Rauf; Abdul Rehman; Azhar Abbas; Luan Jingdong. 2021. "Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 686.
The acceptance of renewable energy technologies is a complicated and multifaceted process influenced by a broad range of factors. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors influencing consumer intention to utilize renewable energy (RE). Moreover, the current research highlights the factors that encourage or discourage consumers from utilizing RE by expanding the structural context of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by integrating three new considerations (the perception of self-effectiveness, beliefs about the benefits of RE, and perception about neighbor participation). The data used for analysis were collected from 351 households in four large cities, including Rawalpindi, Lahore, Gujranwala, and Faisalabad, in Pakistan. We utilized the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach to check the relationship between constructs and latent variables. The results reveal that the driving factors, i.e., the perception of self-effectiveness, awareness, and perception about neighbor participation have significant and positive effects on consumer intention to utilize RE. However, consumer beliefs related to the cost of RE utilization have a negative effect on their intention to utilize RE. More interestingly, it was observed that beliefs about the benefits of RE and environmental concern have insignificant effects. The outcomes of this study can assist policy makers, experts and consumers in understanding renewable energy consumption and gaining awareness about environmental problems while simultaneously improving environmental sustainability practices.
Muhammad Irfan; Yu Hao; Muhammad Ikram; Haitao Wu; Rabia Akram; Abdul Rauf. Assessment of the public acceptance and utilization of renewable energy in Pakistan. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2020, 27, 312 -324.
AMA StyleMuhammad Irfan, Yu Hao, Muhammad Ikram, Haitao Wu, Rabia Akram, Abdul Rauf. Assessment of the public acceptance and utilization of renewable energy in Pakistan. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2020; 27 ():312-324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Irfan; Yu Hao; Muhammad Ikram; Haitao Wu; Rabia Akram; Abdul Rauf. 2020. "Assessment of the public acceptance and utilization of renewable energy in Pakistan." Sustainable Production and Consumption 27, no. : 312-324.
This study attempts to investigate the short-run and long-run impact of formal credit (CR) and climate change (CC, via CO2 emissions) on agricultural production (AP) in Pakistan. In addition, other imperative control variables included in this study comprise technology factors (tractors (TRs) and tube wells (TWs), energy consumption (EC), and labor force (LF). This study used annual data covering the period 1983–2016. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is applied to explore the cointegration between the underlying variables and used the granger causality test under the vector error correction model (VECM) context to determine the direction of causality among the variables. The findings of the ARDL bounds-testing approach suggest that there is a long-term relationship among formal credit, climate change (CO2 emissions), technology factors (tractors and tube wells), energy consumption, labor force, and agricultural production. The empirical results reveal that formal credit, technology use (tractors), and labor force have a positive and significant impact on agricultural production in both the short-run and long-run. CO2 emissions have a positive impact on agricultural production but are not significant in either case. Finally, a unidirectional relationship is established from formal credit to agricultural production; labor force to agricultural production; and electricity consumption and technology factors (tractors and tube wells) to CO2 emissions. The recent study claims that formal institutions should guarantee the redeployment of their services/amenities to those who call for them acutely, with the purpose of boosting their approach to monetary credit facilities and empower farmers to further the resilience that will capitalize on post-fruitage enrichments. Finally, considering that climatic change is a widespread fact with regional community trajectories, perhaps the global community may provide reassurance for loaning to smallholder agriculturalists through central and commercial banks by protecting the moneys that banks lend to the agriculturalists towards supporting climatic change espousal strategies.
Abbas Ali Chandio; Yuansheng Jiang; Abdul Rauf; Fayyaz Ahmad; Waqas Amin; Khurram Shehzad. Assessment of Formal Credit and Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Production in Pakistan: A Time Series ARDL Modeling Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5241 .
AMA StyleAbbas Ali Chandio, Yuansheng Jiang, Abdul Rauf, Fayyaz Ahmad, Waqas Amin, Khurram Shehzad. Assessment of Formal Credit and Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Production in Pakistan: A Time Series ARDL Modeling Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbas Ali Chandio; Yuansheng Jiang; Abdul Rauf; Fayyaz Ahmad; Waqas Amin; Khurram Shehzad. 2020. "Assessment of Formal Credit and Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Production in Pakistan: A Time Series ARDL Modeling Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5241.
The present study seeks to investigate the sector-level energy consumption of oil and natural gas and to explore the linkage between economic growth, households, agriculture, industry, power, fertilizers, and commercial sector in Pakistan for the period of 1980–2016. The energy sector of Pakistan is facing severe crisis from the last few years due to inadequate production and supply. Long-lasting deficits of natural gas and oil, the two supreme types of fuel in Pakistan, had detrimental consequences for the growth as well as for the economic development. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method and Granger causality test under vector error correction model (VECM) were employed to check the association among the variables. Furthermore, the innovative accounting method was used to investigate the responsiveness of each variable to another within the study framework. Empirical results show long-run association among the variables, as oil consumption in the agriculture and power sector show a positive effect on Pakistan’s economic growth. Similarly, energy consumption from natural gas in the households and fertilizers as well as in the industry sector has had a constructive association with economic growth. In contrast, energy consumption from oil in the households and industry sectors has adverse association with economic growth, while natural gas consumption in the commercial sector has negative linkage with economic growth. Possible steps should be taken by the Government of Pakistan to enhance the production of oil and natural gas from other alternatives to meet the requirements of these sectors.
Abdul Rehman; Hengyun Ma; Ilhan Ozturk; Munir Ahmad; Abdul Rauf; Muhammad Irfan. Another outlook to sector-level energy consumption in Pakistan from dominant energy sources and correlation with economic growth. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 33735 -33750.
AMA StyleAbdul Rehman, Hengyun Ma, Ilhan Ozturk, Munir Ahmad, Abdul Rauf, Muhammad Irfan. Another outlook to sector-level energy consumption in Pakistan from dominant energy sources and correlation with economic growth. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (26):33735-33750.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Rehman; Hengyun Ma; Ilhan Ozturk; Munir Ahmad; Abdul Rauf; Muhammad Irfan. 2020. "Another outlook to sector-level energy consumption in Pakistan from dominant energy sources and correlation with economic growth." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 26: 33735-33750.
Extreme drought events from climate disturbances are weakening livelihood and limiting agriculture and livestock production in the Sahel region. The lack of relevant information to anticipate coping measures has exacerbated impacts leading to climate adaptation failure in most parts. In this regard, the current research paper has collected important datasets with an objective to assess the impact of extreme drought events on household’s livelihoods for better understanding impacts, local people’s perception, and the changes on vegetation cover in order to support a robust adaptation strategy to drought. The study conducted a household survey and collected satellite data for comparative analysis. The first survey was conducted in 2013 to collect data from 465 household heads through a structured questionnaire. Supplementary focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted in 2018 to collect qualitative information from targeted respondents such as village leaders and members of other key groups including women and youth. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient matrix were used to characterize the impact on households’ main livelihoods and logistic regression to predict people’s perception on pasture depletion over the last 20 years. Satellite data were used to derive spectral vegetation of land covers and unsupervised classification indexes. Both individual survey and focus group discussions identified drought as the main climate constraint which reduced crop production, water and pastures. The logistic analysis revealed that if the respondent’s major occupation is livestock, the probability to perceive a depletion of pasture will increase by 28%. Concurrently, the satellite image observation in perfect agreement with the field survey showed 6.78% and 6.01% losses of water surface and vegetation cover respectively between 1986 and 2016 in the study area. These findings showed that logistic regression coupled with satellite information can inform on past and future impacts which are extremely crucial for sound adaptation planning in the Sahel region.
Ousmane Traore; Wei Chang; Abdul Rehman; Seydou Traore; Abdul Rauf. Climate disturbance impact assessment in West Africa: evidence from field survey and satellite imagery analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 26315 -26331.
AMA StyleOusmane Traore, Wei Chang, Abdul Rehman, Seydou Traore, Abdul Rauf. Climate disturbance impact assessment in West Africa: evidence from field survey and satellite imagery analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (21):26315-26331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOusmane Traore; Wei Chang; Abdul Rehman; Seydou Traore; Abdul Rauf. 2020. "Climate disturbance impact assessment in West Africa: evidence from field survey and satellite imagery analysis." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 21: 26315-26331.
Although social presence plays an essential role under general conditions, its role becomes significant for societal protection during the quarantine period in epidemic outbreak. In this study, we attempted to identify the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth in terms of their direct impact on online social presence during the outbreak as well as their impacts mediated by epidemic protection and attitudes toward epidemic outbreaks. For this purpose, a unique multi-mediation model is proposed to provide a new direction for research in the field of epidemic outbreaks and their control. Through random sampling, an online survey was conducted and data from 683participants were analyzed. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between the variables of interest. The study results revealed that the roles of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth are positively related to online social presence during the outbreak. Epidemic protection and attitude toward epidemic outbreak were found to positively moderate the impact of the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth on online social presence during the outbreak. The key findings of this study have both practical and academic implications.
Ammar Yasir; Xiaojian Hu; Munir Ahmad; Abdul Rauf; Jingwen Shi; Saba Ali Nasir. Modeling Impact of Word of Mouth and E-Government on Online Social Presence during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Mediation Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2954 .
AMA StyleAmmar Yasir, Xiaojian Hu, Munir Ahmad, Abdul Rauf, Jingwen Shi, Saba Ali Nasir. Modeling Impact of Word of Mouth and E-Government on Online Social Presence during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Mediation Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (8):2954.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmmar Yasir; Xiaojian Hu; Munir Ahmad; Abdul Rauf; Jingwen Shi; Saba Ali Nasir. 2020. "Modeling Impact of Word of Mouth and E-Government on Online Social Presence during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Mediation Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2954.
Recent industrial surge in the Northwestern provinces of China resulted in substantial energy consumption and adverse effect on the environment. Despite being less established, the Northwestern region of China has strategic importance and the use of renewable energy can potentially promote sustainable development in this region. Considering this aspect, this study aims to investigate the impact of renewable energy on environmental pollution in five Northwestern provinces of China during 1995–2014. This study uses the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach with the structural break unit root and other specifications tests. The results indicate that renewable energy positive shock has an adverse impact on the CO2 emissions of the Northwestern provinces of China. The effect of renewable energy use varies in five provinces, i.e. it is more significant in Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang than in Ningxia and Shaanxi. However, reduction in renewable energy consumption leads to higher level of CO2 emissions and this effect is more significant for Ningxia and Shaanxi in the long run. Furthermore, the positive shockwaves in nonrenewable energy, GDP and transportation are associated with environmental pollution in these provinces both in short run and long run. Nevertheless, the impact of negative shockwaves in nonrenewable energy consumption on environmental pollution is more significant than economic development for all provinces. Our findings suggest that: cutting down fossil fuels use can substantially improve environmental quality in these provinces; depending on the provincial geographies and government strategies, the intensity of positive impact of renewable energy towards CO2 emissions reduction differs among five provinces. Likewise, renewable energy development has abundant potential to increase the economic and ecological sustainability in the Northwestern provinces of China in the long run.
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Ilhan Ozturk; Lijuan Su; Abdul Rauf. Looking for asymmetries and nonlinearities: The nexus between renewable energy and environmental degradation in the Northwestern provinces of China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 266, 121714 .
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Draz, Ilhan Ozturk, Lijuan Su, Abdul Rauf. Looking for asymmetries and nonlinearities: The nexus between renewable energy and environmental degradation in the Northwestern provinces of China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 266 ():121714.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Ilhan Ozturk; Lijuan Su; Abdul Rauf. 2020. "Looking for asymmetries and nonlinearities: The nexus between renewable energy and environmental degradation in the Northwestern provinces of China." Journal of Cleaner Production 266, no. : 121714.
The concept of modernization and globalization urges a tendency of bilateral cooperation and strategical relationships among the nations. Recently, China has taken the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013 to articulate the slogan of "Going global strategy.” The primary objective of the current study is to explore the nexus between energy consumption, economic growth, population growth, financial development and carbon emission (CO2) for the panel of 65 BRI countries over the period of 1981–2016. Empirical results show that energy consumption, high-tech industry, and economic growth deteriorate environmental quality but financial development and renewable energy consumption have a favorable effect for the environment. The energy consumption is positively and significantly affecting the environmental quality for all regions except the South Asian region. The overall outcomes postulate a weak association of economic indicators with carbon emissions in the long run except for Europe, MENA, and Southeast Asian regions. This present study serves as a blueprint to experts, policymakers and BRI listed government officials suggesting that they should advise the masses and industries to shift towards renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the need to install the water treatment plants near to industrial zones is pertinent. Moreover, the environment monitoring organizations and portfolio investors should arrange awareness campaigns for green investments and renewable energy dependency to accomplish visionary BRI feat.
Abdul Rauf; Xiaoxing Liu; Waqas Amin; Obaid Ur Rehman; Jinkai Li; Fayyaz Ahmad; Festus Victor Bekun. Does sustainable growth, energy consumption and environment challenges matter for Belt and Road Initiative feat? A novel empirical investigation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 262, 121344 .
AMA StyleAbdul Rauf, Xiaoxing Liu, Waqas Amin, Obaid Ur Rehman, Jinkai Li, Fayyaz Ahmad, Festus Victor Bekun. Does sustainable growth, energy consumption and environment challenges matter for Belt and Road Initiative feat? A novel empirical investigation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 262 ():121344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Rauf; Xiaoxing Liu; Waqas Amin; Obaid Ur Rehman; Jinkai Li; Fayyaz Ahmad; Festus Victor Bekun. 2020. "Does sustainable growth, energy consumption and environment challenges matter for Belt and Road Initiative feat? A novel empirical investigation." Journal of Cleaner Production 262, no. : 121344.
Energy consumption is a crucial factor to promote industrial sector contribution in an economy for its economic progression. Indeed, Pakistan is an emerging country, but recently adjoining with a very severe deficit of electricity sources. Hence, the industry value added growth leading to economic progression is also fronting inevitable challenges to promote the industry growth. The main objective of the study is to investigate the linkages between industrial sector oil, gas and electricity consumption, and renewable energy consumption with economic development in Pakistan. The findings display evidence of cointegration and a long-run relationship between the consumption of industrial energy and economic growth in Pakistan. The results showed that industrial electricity consumption and industrial gas consumption have a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth both in the long run and the short run in Pakistan. Industrial oil consumption negatively impacts economic growth in the long run, but positively and statistically significantly impacts economic growth in the short run in Pakistan. Moreover, indications through the vector error correction model (VECM) model confirmed bi-directional relationships of industrial sector oil consumption and economic growth in Pakistan. Furthermore, the uni-directional nexus instituted between economic growth to industrial electricity consumption, industrial gas consumption to industrial electricity consumption, and industrial oil consumption to industrial electricity consumption. The findings uncovered solid interconnections among the studied variables and suggested that the Pakistani government should build a robust policy to diminish the oil, gas, and fossil fuels consumption for electricity production, as a replacement to depend on solar, hydro, wind, and biomass energy sources in Pakistan. Consequently, the government should promote more gas concentrated projects, as these will alleviate the contests of gas dearth and provide it to the industry at cheap prices with ease.
Abbas Ali Chandio; Abdul Rauf; Yuansheng Jiang; Ilhan Ozturk; Fayyaz Ahmad. Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Dynamic Linkage between Industrial Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4546 .
AMA StyleAbbas Ali Chandio, Abdul Rauf, Yuansheng Jiang, Ilhan Ozturk, Fayyaz Ahmad. Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Dynamic Linkage between Industrial Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4546.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbas Ali Chandio; Abdul Rauf; Yuansheng Jiang; Ilhan Ozturk; Fayyaz Ahmad. 2019. "Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Dynamic Linkage between Industrial Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4546.
The contribution of tourism to economic development is an open secret but it is a double-edged sword. The opportunity cost for this significant share is environmental degradation without required measures to protect the environment. Using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squared approach from 1995 to 2014, this study aims to explore the nexus between tourism and environmental pollution for three lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies: Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. This paper uses carbon emissions as a proxy for environmental pollution against tourist arrivals with a few control variables for analysis. The Zivot-Andrews unit root test is applied to deal with structural breaks in data and the Gregory-Hansen test for robustness. The results confirm a negative impact of tourism on the environment for Indonesia and the Philippines; however, tourism improves the environmental quality of Vietnam. This implies that the relationship varies for different countries in the same region, depending on the country-specific characteristics and corresponding policies to protect the environment. The impact of governmental policies also differs for high and lower middle-income countries as one size cannot fit all. This study provides a comprehensive milieu of the impact of tourism on the environment. The identified dominant factors can guide Southeast Asian and other developing countries’ governments at all levels in systematically formulating policies; by using these policies, carbon emissions from tourism can be reduced efficiently, resulting in sustainable development in the region.
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Lijuan Su; Abdul Rauf. Taking the bad with the good: The nexus between tourism and environmental degradation in the lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 233, 1240 -1249.
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Draz, Lijuan Su, Abdul Rauf. Taking the bad with the good: The nexus between tourism and environmental degradation in the lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 233 ():1240-1249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Lijuan Su; Abdul Rauf. 2019. "Taking the bad with the good: The nexus between tourism and environmental degradation in the lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies." Journal of Cleaner Production 233, no. : 1240-1249.
The main objective of this paper is to examine the long-term effects of financial development, economic growth, energy consumption (electricity consumption in the agriculture sector), foreign direct investment (FDI), and population on the environmental quality in Pakistan during the period of 1980 to 2016. We use CO2 emissions from the agriculture sector as a proxy indicator for environmental quality. We employ various unit root tests (e.g., ADF, PP, ERS, KPSS) and structural break unit root tests (Z&A, CMR) to check the stationarity and structural break in the data series. Cointegration tests, i.e., Johansen, Engle-Granger, and ARDL cointegration approaches are used to ensure their robustness. Results showed that significant long-term cointegration exists among the variables. Findings also indicated that an increase in financial development and foreign direct investment (FDI) improves environmental quality, whereas the increase in economic growth and electricity consumption in the agriculture sector degrades environmental quality in Pakistan. Based on the findings, we suggest policymakers should provide a conducive environment for foreign investment. Moreover, it is also suggested that a reliance on fossil fuels be reduced and a transition to renewable energy sources be encouraged to decrease the environmental pollution in the country.
Abbas Ali Chandio; Yuansheng Jiang; Abdul Rauf; Amir Ali Mirani; Rashid Usman Shar; Fayyaz Ahmad; Khurram Shehzad. Does Energy-Growth and Environment Quality Matter for Agriculture Sector in Pakistan or not? An Application of Cointegration Approach. Energies 2019, 12, 1879 .
AMA StyleAbbas Ali Chandio, Yuansheng Jiang, Abdul Rauf, Amir Ali Mirani, Rashid Usman Shar, Fayyaz Ahmad, Khurram Shehzad. Does Energy-Growth and Environment Quality Matter for Agriculture Sector in Pakistan or not? An Application of Cointegration Approach. Energies. 2019; 12 (10):1879.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbas Ali Chandio; Yuansheng Jiang; Abdul Rauf; Amir Ali Mirani; Rashid Usman Shar; Fayyaz Ahmad; Khurram Shehzad. 2019. "Does Energy-Growth and Environment Quality Matter for Agriculture Sector in Pakistan or not? An Application of Cointegration Approach." Energies 12, no. 10: 1879.
The study aims to explain the economic impact of Internet implication in tourism sector by taking sample of mega project listed countries (which provide big pitch to boost tourism business). Our work find the volatility cause of tourism revenue at country i, by examining the inbound tourist expenditures as a factor of technological infrastructure. We deploy data ranging from 1990 to 2017 and uses error correction model as representative of Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) model after addressing diagnostic tests (for data reliability concern). We found long- and short-run association between tourism expenditure and information and communication technology (ICT) proxies in case of developed economies, while only short-run association in underdeveloped countries. The startling scenario about underdeveloped economies are also confirmed by one-way causation in our analysis. After sensitive analysis at each slot, the study concludes that tourism revenue is streaming low across those boundaries where tourists are suffered by paying more due to technological inaccessibility and its underdeveloped infrastructure. The suffered economies are recommended to upgrade their ICT sector to facilitate inbound tourist.
Obaid Ur Rehman; Xiaoxing Liu; Abdul Rauf; Mayada BEN Slama; Waqas Amin. Internet tradition and tourism development: A causality analysis on BRI listed economies. Tourism Economics 2019, 26, 926 -957.
AMA StyleObaid Ur Rehman, Xiaoxing Liu, Abdul Rauf, Mayada BEN Slama, Waqas Amin. Internet tradition and tourism development: A causality analysis on BRI listed economies. Tourism Economics. 2019; 26 (6):926-957.
Chicago/Turabian StyleObaid Ur Rehman; Xiaoxing Liu; Abdul Rauf; Mayada BEN Slama; Waqas Amin. 2019. "Internet tradition and tourism development: A causality analysis on BRI listed economies." Tourism Economics 26, no. 6: 926-957.
The aim of this paper is to reinvestigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on welfare or poverty reduction in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) economies. We used FDI net inflows per capita and the United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index (HDI) as the principal variables ranging from 1990 to 2014. Our analyses confirm the positive and strongly significant relationship between FDI net inflows and poverty reduction in Asia. However, it indicates significant differences between South Asia and Southeast Asia. Generally, we find that FDI has a greater impact on welfare in SAARC countries than in ASEAN countries. Our results hold true for both HDI and real gross domestic product (GDP), and are shown to be robust using both panel and pool model specifications.
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Lijuan Su; Ilhan Ozturk; Abdul Rauf; Shahid Ali. Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2565 .
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Draz, Lijuan Su, Ilhan Ozturk, Abdul Rauf, Shahid Ali. Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Lijuan Su; Ilhan Ozturk; Abdul Rauf; Shahid Ali. 2019. "Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2565.
The rapid economic development of China and the industrial shift from its eastern to western provinces have resulted in significant negative impacts on the environment. Recently, tourism has emerged as an alternative for economic and environmental development, but it is a double-edged sword. Without the required measures to protect environment, the opportunity cost of tourism is environmental degradation. The western part of China holds a significant advantage for the development of travel and tourism (T&T), due to One Belt One Road (OBOR), unique ancient culture and spectacular variety of natural scenic spots. This region is among the less explored and less developed, but important, parts of China. Taking this point into consideration, this paper aims to examine the impact of tourism on the environmental pollution of five provinces located in the heart of OBOR over the period of 1991–2016. To explore this link, we used the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approach and Gregory-Hansen test for robustness check. We applied the Zivot-Andrews unit root test to deal with structural breaks in data. Our results confirm a negative impact of tourism on environment for Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, and Shanxi. However, tourism improves the environmental quality of Xinjiang. The negative impact of energy consumption and GDP growth is significant than tourism. Our findings suggest that the relationship varies for different provinces in the same region depending on the specific provincial features and government policies. Furthermore, tourism development has great potential to improve the economic and environmental sustainability in these provinces.
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Draz; Lijuan Su; Ilhan Ozturk; Abdul Rauf. Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3520 .
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Draz, Lijuan Su, Ilhan Ozturk, Abdul Rauf. Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Draz; Lijuan Su; Ilhan Ozturk; Abdul Rauf. 2018. "Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3520.
Diverse impact of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) over the landscape of environment is generally believed in literature. As CO2 emission acutely leads to GHGs is a major contributor for global warming, it creates a serious pressure on natural resources and ecological settings. Similarly, low-carbon (CO2) economy, plenty of energy resources, and sustainable growth are a big ask for worldwide economies in this era of mechanization. This paper analyzes the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, for Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) economies, to contend the role of mega projects in BRI as an attribute for ecological detriments. The on-hand study engages fresh data information ranging from 1981 to 2016 holding with heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence as a special deliberation. The calculated outcomes expose that, mean group estimator provides strong evidence and favor the existence of EKC approximately in every region. The long-run influence is measured by pooled mean group estimators, which shows significant outcomes in every region; additionally, the EKC hypothesis affirmed in the long run especially for developed economies. Mega projects, i.e., BRI requisite immense energy sources to accomplishing the enclosed projects efficiently and effectively. The positive association between carbon emission and energy consumption troubled the governments to make policies for restraining the magnitude of carbon emission and controls energy usage for enduring environment to its original position. Next, the valuations depicted the dense recommendations for state administrations in capacity of rigorous level supremacy, trash managing campaigns, renewable energy reliance, and advance for desirable judgments to sterilize the atmosphere.
Abdul Rauf; Xiaoxing Liu; Waqas Amin; Ilhan Ozturk; Obaid Ur Rehman; Muhammad Hafeez. Testing EKC hypothesis with energy and sustainable development challenges: a fresh evidence from belt and road initiative economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 32066 -32080.
AMA StyleAbdul Rauf, Xiaoxing Liu, Waqas Amin, Ilhan Ozturk, Obaid Ur Rehman, Muhammad Hafeez. Testing EKC hypothesis with energy and sustainable development challenges: a fresh evidence from belt and road initiative economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (32):32066-32080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Rauf; Xiaoxing Liu; Waqas Amin; Ilhan Ozturk; Obaid Ur Rehman; Muhammad Hafeez. 2018. "Testing EKC hypothesis with energy and sustainable development challenges: a fresh evidence from belt and road initiative economies." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 32: 32066-32080.
The preface of Chinese opens up reforms in 1978, posed a new era of progression that intensively sparked the industrial revolt in China, which momentously worsen its atmosphere by carbon emission. The current study examines the nexus among the variables; energy consumption, economic growth, agriculture value added, industrial value added, service value added, trade openness, financial development, urbanization, and environmental degradation (CO2 emission) in China, spanning from 1968 to 2016. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing model, applied to capture the essence of estimation in short-run and the long-run. Estimations for the long run and short run portrayed that Industry, agriculture, services, energy consumption, and trade openness worsening the environment, however, the growth and urbanization ensure the clean and prudent environment quality. Furthermore, directional connectedness is noticed under Granger causality aligned results with ARDL. It is recommended that greenhouse gases (CO2) can be reduced by producing energy through renewable sources. Meanwhile, the government needs to make strong laws and policies to enforce carbon taxes on structural sectors of the economy and precisely should be focused on the green based economy.
Abdul Rauf; Jin Zhang; Jinkai Li; Waqas Amin. Structural changes, energy consumption and carbon emissions in China: Empirical evidence from ARDL bound testing model. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 2018, 47, 194 -206.
AMA StyleAbdul Rauf, Jin Zhang, Jinkai Li, Waqas Amin. Structural changes, energy consumption and carbon emissions in China: Empirical evidence from ARDL bound testing model. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics. 2018; 47 ():194-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Rauf; Jin Zhang; Jinkai Li; Waqas Amin. 2018. "Structural changes, energy consumption and carbon emissions in China: Empirical evidence from ARDL bound testing model." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 47, no. : 194-206.
Innovation and globalization fosters a tendency towards multiparty collaboration and strategic contacts among nations. A similar path was followed by the Chinese administration in 2013, with its “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI). The most important objective of the present fact-finding study was to demonstrate the links between economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization, gross fixed capital formation, trade openness, financial development and carbon emissions (ecological degradation) from a panel of 47 BRI economies, over a time span of 1980 to 2016. Dynamic panel estimations (dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS)) were engaged to examine the long-run links between the subjected variables. Synchronized outcomes for the full panel show that energy consumption, gross fixed capital formation, economic growth, financial development, and urbanization unfavorably led to environmental degradation (CO2 emissions). However, trade openness is negatively correlated with emissions. Furthermore, pairwise panel Granger causative estimations justified bi-directional links from all regressors towards CO2 emissions, except for trade openness, which had unidirectional ties with environmental quality. In cross-country, long-run assessments, different results were found, with CO2 emissions being greatly increased by economic growth in all countries and energy consumption in 30 countries; other predictors testified to some mixed interactions with CO2 emissions in the country-level examination. The reported investigation provides some noteworthy guiding principles and policy inferences aimed at governments and ecological supervisory administrations, suggesting assertive moves towards truncated used of carbon fossil fuels and dependency on renewable energy, establishing waste and water treatment plants, familiarizing themselves with the concept of a green economy, and making the general public aware of eco-friendly investments in BRI economies.
Abdul Rauf; Xiaoxing Liu; Waqas Amin; Ilhan Ozturk; Obaid Ur Rehman; Suleman Sarwar. Energy and Ecological Sustainability: Challenges and Panoramas in Belt and Road Initiative Countries. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2743 .
AMA StyleAbdul Rauf, Xiaoxing Liu, Waqas Amin, Ilhan Ozturk, Obaid Ur Rehman, Suleman Sarwar. Energy and Ecological Sustainability: Challenges and Panoramas in Belt and Road Initiative Countries. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2743.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Rauf; Xiaoxing Liu; Waqas Amin; Ilhan Ozturk; Obaid Ur Rehman; Suleman Sarwar. 2018. "Energy and Ecological Sustainability: Challenges and Panoramas in Belt and Road Initiative Countries." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2743.