Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, multifactorial disease resulting in a progressive loss of articular cartilage structure and function that is most common in middle-aged and older patients. OA is involved in the loss of extracellular matrix and cartilage as well as cell number decreases within the matrix, especially in the further stages of the disease. The immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathomechanism of this condition. Both humoral and cellular mediators contribute to cartilage destruction, abnormal bone remodeling, synovitis, and joint effusion. The increasing prevalence of this disease has led to a growing interest in using animal models as the primary way to broaden the knowledge of the pathogenesis of OA and possible therapies at each stage of disease development. This review aims to describe the signs, pathogenesis, and classification of OA as well as discuss the advantages and disadvantages of some animal models. The currently used treatment methods include mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, gene therapies, and blood-derived products. In addition, exogenous growth factors, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet lysate, and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) are discussed with the application of tissue engineering techniques and biomaterials.

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is the most common calcium phosphate ceramic that is used in biomedical applications, e.g., as an inorganic component of bone scaffolds. Nevertheless, fluorapatite (FAP) has gained great attention in the area of bone tissue engineering in recent times. The aim of this study was a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the biomedical potential of fabricated HAP- and FAP-based bone scaffolds, to assess which bioceramic is better for regenerative medicine applications. It was demonstrated that both biomaterials had a macroporous microstructure, with interconnected porosity, and were prone to slow and gradual degradation in a physiological environment and in acidified conditions mimicking the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption process. Surprisingly, FAP-based biomaterial revealed a significantly higher degree of biodegradation than biomaterial containing HAP, which indicated its higher bioabsorbability. Importantly, the biomaterials showed a similar level of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity regardless of the bioceramic type. Both scaffolds had the ability to induce apatite formation on their surfaces, proving their bioactive property, that is crucial for good implant osseointegration. In turn, performed biological experiments showed that tested bone scaffolds were non-toxic and their surfaces promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the biomaterials did not exert a stimulatory effect on immune cells, since they did not generate excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), indicating a low risk of inflammatory response after implantation. In conclusion, based on the obtained results, both FAP- and HAP-based scaffolds have an appropriate microstructure and high biocompatibility, being promising biomaterials for bone regeneration applications. However, FAP-based biomaterial has higher bioabsorbability than the HAP-based scaffold, which is a very important property from the clinical point of view, because it enables a progressive replacement of the bone scaffold with newly formed bone tissue.

Details var a2a_config = a2a_config || {}; a2a_config.onclick = 1; a2a_config.locale = "pl"; a2a_config.color_main = "D7E5ED"; a2a_config.color_border = "9D9D9D"; a2a_config.color_link_text = "ffffff"; a2a_config.color_link_text_hover = "ffffff"; a2a_config.color_bg = "d9d9d9"; a2a_config.icon_color = "#4e4e4e"; a2a_config.exclude_services = ["dihitt", "delicious", "whatsapp", "dzone", "sms", "stumpedia", "viber", "yahoo_messenger", "google_plus"]; Details PDF BIBTEX RIS Title Transport induced inflammatory responses in horses Journal title Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences Yearbook 2015 Issue No 2 Authors Wójcik, M. ; Bełkot, Z. ; Wessely-Szponder, J. ; Bobowiec, R. ; Kosior-Korzecka, U. Divisions of PAS Nauki Biologiczne i Rolnicze Publisher Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Veterinary Sciences ; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Date 2015[2015.01.01 AD - 2015.12.31 AD] Identifier DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0052 ; ISSN 1505-1773 Source Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2015; No 2 References Cywińska (2012), Acute phase protein concentrations after limited distance and long distance endurance rides in horses, Res Vet Sci, 1402, doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.02.008 ; Borges (2007), Serum iron and plasma fibrinogen concentrations as indicators of systemic inflammatory diseases in horses, J Vet Intern Med, 489, doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02995.x ; Hargreaves (2002), Antioxidant status and muscle cell leakage during endurance exercise, Equine Vet J Suppl, 116. ; Niedźwiedź (2012), Influence of - hour transportation on selected physiological parameters in horses, Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 193. ; Casella (2012), Influence of transportation on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in horse, Res Vet Sci, 914, doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.01.004 ; Ishida (1999), Chronological changes in superoxide - scavenging ability and lipid peroxide concentration of equine serum due to stress from exercise and transport, Equine Vet J Suppl, 430. ; Coyne (1990), Preliminary investigation of alterations in blood viscosity , cellular composition , and electrophoresis plasma protein fraction profile after competitive racing activity in Thoroughbred horses, Am J Vet Res, 1956. ; Onmaz (2011), den Oxidative stress in horses after a - hours transport period, Revue Med Vet, 162. ; Kalavacherla (1994), Malondialdehyde as a sensitive marker of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis India, J Assoc Physicians, 775. ; Foreman (1996), Physiological responses to stress in the horse, Pferdeheilkunde, 12, 401. ; Crisman (2008), Blood proteins and inflammation in the horse, Vet Clin Equine, 285, doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2008.03.004 ; Chiaradia (1998), Physical exercise , oxidative stress and muscle damage in racehorses, Comp Biochem Physiol B, 119. ; Wójcik (2010), Cytoprotective action of β - oestradiol against iron - induced hepatic oxidative stress in vitro, Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 259. ; Uchino (2012), Oxidative stress induced inflammation initiates functional decline of tear production One, PLoS, doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045805 ; Lee (2012), Role of NADPH oxidase / ROS in pro - inflammatory mediators - induced airway and pulmonary diseases, Biochem Pharmacol, 581, doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.005 ; Wessely (2014), Crosstalk between adiponectin and cytokines - and IL - during transportation stress in horses, IL Med Weter, 546. ; Bouzid (2014), Changes in oxidative stress markers and biological markers of muscle injury with aging at rest and in response to an exhaustive exercise, PloS One, 90420, doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090420 ; Kirschvink (2008), de The oxidant / antioxidant equilibrium in horses, Vet J, 177. ; Marlin (2002), Changes in circulatory antioxidant status in horses during prolonged exercise, J Nutr, 132. ; Szponder (2010), Plasma level of Protein fibrinogen concentration and platelet number in dogs with Legg - Calve - Perthes disease and osteochondrosis Preliminary studies, Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 433. ; Lindner (1998), Effect of age and of performance parameters on CK LDH and AST activities in plasma of Standardbred horses during exercise, Pferdeheilkunde, 14, 456. ; Stull (2000), Physiological responses of horses to hours of transportation using a commercial van during summer conditions, J Anim Sci, 1458. ; Kumar (2013), Lucidone protects human skin keratinocytes against free radical - induced oxidative damage and inflammation through the up - regulation of HO - antioxidant genes and down - regulation of NF - κB signaling pathway, Food Chem Toxicol, 59, 1. ; Wernicki (2006), Evaluation of plasma cortisol and TBARS levels in calves after short - term transportation, Revue Med Vet, 157. ; Piccione (2014), Training - induced changes in clotting parameters of athletic horses, J Vet Sci, 15, 45, doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.45 ; Nemec Svete (2012), Serum cortisol and haematological , biochemical and antioxidant enzyme variables in horse blood sampled in a slaughterhouse lairage , immediately before stunning and during exsanguination, Animal, 6, 1300, doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112000079 ; Soares (2011), de da Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma , serum , and erythrocytes of horses before and after a jumping competition, J Equine Vet Sci, 357, doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.017 ; Guozhen (2005), Effects of Cu / Zn superoxide dismutase on strain injury - induced oxidative damage to skeletal muscle in rats, Physiol Res, 193.

For centuries, humans have used mushrooms as both food and pro-health supplements. Mushrooms, especially those related to the functions of the human immune system, are rich in dietary fiber, minerals, essential amino acids, and various bioactive compounds and have significant health-promoting properties. Immunoregulatory compounds in mushrooms include lectins, terpenes, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs). The distribution of these compounds varies from one species of mushroom to another, and their immunomodulatory activities depend on the core structures and chemical modifications in the composition of the fractions. In this review, we describe active compounds from medical mushrooms. We summarize potential mechanisms for their in vitro and in vivo activities and detail approaches used in developing and applying bioactive compounds from mushrooms. Finally, we discuss applications of fungal peptides and highlight areas that require improvement before the widespread use of those compounds as therapeutic agents and explore the status of clinical studies on the immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and their products, as well as the prospect of clinical application of AMPs as ‘drug-like’ compounds with great potential for treatment of non-healing chronic wounds and multiresistant infections.

We evaluated the use of some neutrophil products, namely; autologous rabbit antimicrobial neutrophil extract (rANE), heterologous porcine antimicrobial neutrophil extract (pANE), neutrophil degranulation products (DGP) and neutrophil microvesicles (MVs) for stimulation of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to improve healing. Two animal models were evaluated; the rabbit model for autologous osteochondral transplantation (OT) with application of rabbit ANE, DGP or MVs for MDMs stimulation, and the ovine model of the insertion of a Ti implant with the use of porcine ANE, and ovine DGP or MVs for MDMs stimulation. Macrophage activity was assessed on the basis of free radical generation and arginase activity. We estimated that DGP acted in a pro-inflammatory way both on rabbit and ovine MDMs. On the other hand, MVs acted as anti-inflammatory stimulator on MDMs in both experiments. The response to ANE depended on origin of extract (autologous or heterologous). Macrophages from rabbits before and after OT stimulated with autologous extract generated lower amount of NO and superoxide, especially after transplantation. In the ovine model of Ti implant insertion, heterologous ANE evoked increased macrophage pro-inflammatory activity. Our study revealed that these neutrophil products could regulate activity of macrophages, polarizing them into pro-or anti-inflammatory phenotypes that could enhance bone and osteochondral tissue healing.