This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Advising farmers on the best agricultural management practices (AMP) to be adopted in order to sustain agricultural productivity while improving soil quality is mandatory to assure future food production. Some promising AMPs have been suggested over the time to prevent soil degradation. These practices have been randomly adopted by farmers but which ones are mostly used by farmers and where they have been applied remains unclear. As part of the iSQAPER project—Interactive Soil Quality Assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Resilience—we (1) mapped the current distribution of previously selected 18 promising AMPs in several pedoclimatic regions and farming systems along Europe and China, based on ten and four study site areas (SSA), respectively; and (2) identified the soil threats occurring in those areas. In each SSA, farmers using promising AMPs were identified and questionnaires were used to assess farmer’s perception on soil threats in their fields. For this study, 138 plots/farms were identified in Europe (112) and China (26). Results show that most widely used promising AMPs in Europe are crop rotation (15%), manuring and composting (15%), and min-till (14%), whereas in China are manuring and composting (18%), residue maintenance (18%), and integrated pest and disease management (12%). In Europe, soil erosion is the main threat in agricultural Mediterranean areas, while soil-borne pests and diseases are more frequent in the SSAs from France and the Netherlands. In China, soil erosion, SOM decline, compaction, and poor soil structure are among the main farmers’ concerns. This research provides relevant information for policy-makers and the development of strategies to support and promote agricultural management practices with benefits for soil quality.
Lúcia Barão; Abdallah Alaoui; Carla Ferreira; Gottlieb Basch; Gudrun Schwilch; Violette Geissen; Wijnand Sukkel; Julie Lemesle; Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes; Alicia Morugán-Coronado; Jorge Mataix-Solera; Costas Kosmas; Matjaž Glavan; Marina Pintar; Brigitta Szabó; Tamás Hermann; Olga P. Vizitiu; Jerzy Lipiec; Endla Reintam; Minggang Xu; Jiaying Di; Hongzhu Fan; Fei Wang. Promising Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Threats in Europe and China. KULUNDA: Climate Smart Agriculture 2021, 195 -213.
AMA StyleLúcia Barão, Abdallah Alaoui, Carla Ferreira, Gottlieb Basch, Gudrun Schwilch, Violette Geissen, Wijnand Sukkel, Julie Lemesle, Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes, Alicia Morugán-Coronado, Jorge Mataix-Solera, Costas Kosmas, Matjaž Glavan, Marina Pintar, Brigitta Szabó, Tamás Hermann, Olga P. Vizitiu, Jerzy Lipiec, Endla Reintam, Minggang Xu, Jiaying Di, Hongzhu Fan, Fei Wang. Promising Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Threats in Europe and China. KULUNDA: Climate Smart Agriculture. 2021; ():195-213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLúcia Barão; Abdallah Alaoui; Carla Ferreira; Gottlieb Basch; Gudrun Schwilch; Violette Geissen; Wijnand Sukkel; Julie Lemesle; Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes; Alicia Morugán-Coronado; Jorge Mataix-Solera; Costas Kosmas; Matjaž Glavan; Marina Pintar; Brigitta Szabó; Tamás Hermann; Olga P. Vizitiu; Jerzy Lipiec; Endla Reintam; Minggang Xu; Jiaying Di; Hongzhu Fan; Fei Wang. 2021. "Promising Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Threats in Europe and China." KULUNDA: Climate Smart Agriculture , no. : 195-213.
The increasing growth of the world's population has established an unprecedented pressure in the availability of fresh water resources, with food production systems consuming over 70% of the world's fresh water withdrawals. Other pressures include climate change effects and the increasing number of semi-arid regions. The present challenges are therefore the maintenance of high production rates with fewer resources, especially in regions where water is becoming less accessible. In this study, we have tested the effect of sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization in maize growth with and without water limitation. These solutions have been suggested as effective in drought conditions but an overall study of their effects on the soil water balance and root length density is lacking. We have conducted a pot experiment with maize for 101 days where measurements in soil water content and root length were taken. Also, Hydrus 2-D was used to simulate the root water uptake and calculate the water balance. Results show that both sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization increase the root system by 21% and 34% respectively in water stress situation. Also, in the case of no water stress, silicon fertilization still induces an increase of 11% in the root development, showing that this solution has positive effects even when the crop is not hydrologically limited. Indeed the root water uptake was higher for the silicon treatment when no water limitation was present (71.6 L), compared to the sub-surface irrigation (62.5 L) and the control (62.3 L). While sub-surface irrigation generally decreased evaporation, the silicon treatment lowered drainage by promoting a better and more efficient root water uptake.
Sina Besharat; Lúcia Barão; Cristina Cruz. New strategies to overcome water limitation in cultivated maize: Results from sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 263, 110398 .
AMA StyleSina Besharat, Lúcia Barão, Cristina Cruz. New strategies to overcome water limitation in cultivated maize: Results from sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 263 ():110398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSina Besharat; Lúcia Barão; Cristina Cruz. 2020. "New strategies to overcome water limitation in cultivated maize: Results from sub-surface irrigation and silicon fertilization." Journal of Environmental Management 263, no. : 110398.
Dissolved Si (DSi) provision from land systems triggers diatom growth and CO2 sequestration. Soils and ecosystems act as a Si “filter”, transforming DSi originated from mineral weathering into biogenic Si (BSi) after DSi uptake by plants, or into other pedogenic forms of Si (non-BSi). Land use changes the quantity of BSi and non-BSi pools along the soil profile. However, methods used to isolate Si pools include chemical extractions at high temperatures and alkaline environments and therefore are unable to provide information concerning the dissolution potential of BSi and non-BSi pools under normal conditions of temperature and pH. Here, we conducted a batch experiment where forest, pasture and cropland soil samples were mixed with water at 25 °C and pH 7. The soil samples were collected from a temperate land use gradient located in the Belgian Loess Belt. We measured dissolved Si and aluminium (Al) during 80 days. BSi and non-BSi pool contents along the soil profile were known, as they had been established previously through chemical extraction. Results show that BSi and non-BSi enriched samples present distinct Si and Al dissolution curves. While non-BSi pools contribute significantly with immediate availability of Si, BSi pools present an initial slow dissolution. Therefore, croplands that were depleted of phytoliths and had poorly organic horizons display higher concentrations of initial dissolved Si, while pastures and forests, where pedogenic pools dominate only at depths below 40 cm, have more limited initial Si release.
Lúcia Barão; Ricardo Teixeira; Floor Vandevenne; Benedicta Ronchi; Dácil Unzué-Belmonte; Eric Struyf. Silicon Mobilization in Soils: the Broader Impact of Land Use. Silicon 2019, 12, 1529 -1538.
AMA StyleLúcia Barão, Ricardo Teixeira, Floor Vandevenne, Benedicta Ronchi, Dácil Unzué-Belmonte, Eric Struyf. Silicon Mobilization in Soils: the Broader Impact of Land Use. Silicon. 2019; 12 (7):1529-1538.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLúcia Barão; Ricardo Teixeira; Floor Vandevenne; Benedicta Ronchi; Dácil Unzué-Belmonte; Eric Struyf. 2019. "Silicon Mobilization in Soils: the Broader Impact of Land Use." Silicon 12, no. 7: 1529-1538.
Animal production systems are increasingly required to co-produce meat products and other ecosystem services. Sown biodiverse pastures (SBP) were developed in Portugal as an improvement over semi-natural pastures (SNP). SBP increase yields and animal intake during grazing, are substantial carbon sinks, and the abundance of legumes in the mixtures provides plants with a biological source of nitrogen. However, the data available and the data demands of most models make integrated modelling of these effects difficult. Here, we developed “BalSim”, a mass balance approach for the estimation of carbon and nitrogen flows and the direct greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of the two production systems. Results show that, on average, the on-farm GHG balance is −2.6 and 0.8 t CO2e/ha.yr for SBP and SNP, respectively. Ignoring the effects of carbon sequestration, and taking into account only non-CO2 emissions, the systems are responsible for 17.0 and 16.3 kg CO2e/kg live weight.yr. The annual analysis showed that non-CO2 emissions were highest in a drought year due to decreased yield and stocking rate. We also showed through scenario analysis that matching the grazing level to the yield is crucial to minimize emissions and ensure reduced feed supplementation while maintaining high soil carbon stocks.
Ricardo F.M. Teixeira; Lúcia Barão; Tiago G. Morais; Tiago Domingos. “BalSim”: A Carbon, Nitrogen and Greenhouse Gas Mass Balance Model for Pastures. Sustainability 2018, 11, 53 .
AMA StyleRicardo F.M. Teixeira, Lúcia Barão, Tiago G. Morais, Tiago Domingos. “BalSim”: A Carbon, Nitrogen and Greenhouse Gas Mass Balance Model for Pastures. Sustainability. 2018; 11 (1):53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo F.M. Teixeira; Lúcia Barão; Tiago G. Morais; Tiago Domingos. 2018. "“BalSim”: A Carbon, Nitrogen and Greenhouse Gas Mass Balance Model for Pastures." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 53.
ISQAPER project - Interactive Soil Quality Assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Resilience - aims to develop an app to advise farmers on selecting the best Agriculture Management Practice (AMPs) to improve soil quality. For this purpose, a soil quality index has to be developed to account for the changes in soil quality as impacted by the implementation of the AMPs. Some promising AMPs have been suggested over the time to prevent soil degradation. These practices have been randomly adopted by farmers but which practices are most used by farmers and where they are mostly adopted remains unclear. This study is part of the iSQAPER project with the specific aims: 1) map the current distribution of previously selected 18 promising AMPs in several pedo-climatic regions and farming systems located in ten and four study site areas (SSA) along Europe and China, respectively; and 2) identify the soil threats occurring in those areas. In each SSA, farmers using promising AMP's were identified and questionnaires were used to assess farmer's perception on soil threats significance in the area. 138 plots/farms using 18 promising AMPs, were identified in Europe (112) and China (26).Results show that promising AMPs used in Europe are Crop rotation (15%), Manuring & Composting (15%) and Min-till (14%), whereas in China are Manuring & Composting (18%), Residue maintenance (18%) and Integrated pest and disease management (12%). In Europe, soil erosion is the main threat in agricultural Mediterranean areas while soil-borne pests and diseases is more frequent in the SSAs from France and The Netherlands. In China, soil erosion, SOM decline, compaction and poor soil structure are among the most significant. This work provides important information for policy makers and the development of strategies to support and promote agricultural management practices with benefits for soil quality.
Lúcia Barão; Abdallah Alaoui; Carla Ferreira; Gottlieb Basch; Gudrun Schwilch; Violette Geissen; Wijnand Sukkel; Julie Lemesle; Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes; Alicia Morugán-Coronado; Jorge Mataix-Solera; Costas Kosmas; Matjaž Glavan; Marina Pintar; Brigitta Toth; Tamás Hermann; Olga Vizitiu; Jerzy Lipiec; Endla Reintam; Minggang Xu; Jiaying Di; Hongzhu Fan; Fei Wang. Assessment of promising agricultural management practices. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 649, 610 -619.
AMA StyleLúcia Barão, Abdallah Alaoui, Carla Ferreira, Gottlieb Basch, Gudrun Schwilch, Violette Geissen, Wijnand Sukkel, Julie Lemesle, Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes, Alicia Morugán-Coronado, Jorge Mataix-Solera, Costas Kosmas, Matjaž Glavan, Marina Pintar, Brigitta Toth, Tamás Hermann, Olga Vizitiu, Jerzy Lipiec, Endla Reintam, Minggang Xu, Jiaying Di, Hongzhu Fan, Fei Wang. Assessment of promising agricultural management practices. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 649 ():610-619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLúcia Barão; Abdallah Alaoui; Carla Ferreira; Gottlieb Basch; Gudrun Schwilch; Violette Geissen; Wijnand Sukkel; Julie Lemesle; Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes; Alicia Morugán-Coronado; Jorge Mataix-Solera; Costas Kosmas; Matjaž Glavan; Marina Pintar; Brigitta Toth; Tamás Hermann; Olga Vizitiu; Jerzy Lipiec; Endla Reintam; Minggang Xu; Jiaying Di; Hongzhu Fan; Fei Wang. 2018. "Assessment of promising agricultural management practices." Science of The Total Environment 649, no. : 610-619.
Land use change (deforestation) has several negative consequences for the soil system. It is known to increase erosion rates, which affect the distribution of elements in soils. In this context, the crucial nutrient Si has received little attention, especially in a tropical context. Therefore, we studied the effect of land conversion and erosion intensity on the biogenic silica pools in a subtropical soil in the south of Brazil. Biogenic silica (BSi) was determined using a novel alkaline continuous extraction where Si ∕ Al ratios of the fractions extracted are used to distinguish BSi and other soluble fractions: Si ∕ Al > 5 for the biogenic AlkExSi (alkaline-extractable Si) and Si ∕ Al < 5 for the non-biogenic AlkExSi. Our study shows that deforestation can rapidly (< 50 years) deplete the biogenic AlkExSi pool in soils depending on the slope of the study site (10–53 %), with faster depletion in steeper sites. We show that higher erosion in steeper sites implies increased accumulation of biogenic Si in deposition zones near the bottom of the slope, where rapid burial can cause removal of BSi from biologically active zones. Our study highlights the interaction of erosion strength and land use for BSi redistribution and depletion in a soil toposequence, with implications for basin-scale Si cycling.
Dácil Unzué-Belmonte; Yolanda Ameijeiras-Mariño; Sophie Opfergelt; Jean-Thomas Cornelis; Lúcia Barão; Jean Minella; Patrick Meire; Eric Struyf. Land use change affects biogenic silica pool distribution in a subtropical soil toposequence. Solid Earth 2017, 8, 737 -750.
AMA StyleDácil Unzué-Belmonte, Yolanda Ameijeiras-Mariño, Sophie Opfergelt, Jean-Thomas Cornelis, Lúcia Barão, Jean Minella, Patrick Meire, Eric Struyf. Land use change affects biogenic silica pool distribution in a subtropical soil toposequence. Solid Earth. 2017; 8 (4):737-750.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDácil Unzué-Belmonte; Yolanda Ameijeiras-Mariño; Sophie Opfergelt; Jean-Thomas Cornelis; Lúcia Barão; Jean Minella; Patrick Meire; Eric Struyf. 2017. "Land use change affects biogenic silica pool distribution in a subtropical soil toposequence." Solid Earth 8, no. 4: 737-750.
Besides well‐known effects of climate and parent material on silicate weathering the role of land use change as a driver in the global silicon cycle is not well known. Changes in vegetation cover have altered reservoirs of silicon and carbon in plants and soils. This has potential consequences for plant‐Si availability, agricultural yields and coastal eutrophication, as Si is a beneficial element for many crop plants and an essential nutrient for diatom growth. We here examined the role of sustained and intensive land use and human disturbance on silicon (Si) pool distribution in soils with similar climatological and bulk mineralogical characteristics. We show that land use impacts both biogenic and non‐biogenic Si pools. While biogenic Si strongly decreases along the land use change gradient (from forest to croplands), pedogenic silica fractions (e.g. pedogenic clays) increase in top soils with a long duration of cultivation and soil disturbance. Our results suggest that non‐biogenic Si pools might compensate for the loss of reactive biogenic silicon in temperate zones.
Floor Ina Vandevenne; Lúcia Barão; Benedicta Johanna Ronchi; Gerard Govers; Patrick Meire; Eugene F. Kelly; Eric Struyf. Silicon pools in human impacted soils of temperate zones. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2015, 29, 1439 -1450.
AMA StyleFloor Ina Vandevenne, Lúcia Barão, Benedicta Johanna Ronchi, Gerard Govers, Patrick Meire, Eugene F. Kelly, Eric Struyf. Silicon pools in human impacted soils of temperate zones. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2015; 29 (9):1439-1450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFloor Ina Vandevenne; Lúcia Barão; Benedicta Johanna Ronchi; Gerard Govers; Patrick Meire; Eugene F. Kelly; Eric Struyf. 2015. "Silicon pools in human impacted soils of temperate zones." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 29, no. 9: 1439-1450.
Diatoms are important primary producers in lake ecosystems and, as a sink for dissolved (DSi) and biogenic silica (BSi) originating from land, can significantly impact the global Si cycle. After burial in lake sediments, resistant diatom frustules can also be used for reconstructions of past ecosystem change. The BSi content of lake sediments is thus often used as a proxy for past diatom productivity, and measured using a time-step analysis of Si extracted in 0.1 M Na2CO3. However, studies in soils and ocean sediments have shown that also certain non-biogenic Si fractions are prone to dissolve in alkaline solutions, contributing to a potential overestimate of sedimentary BSi concentration. In lakes, volcanic and terrestrial Si compounds reactive at high pH are likely to interfere with the analysis. In this study we used a continuous analysis of Si and Al extracted in 0.5 M NaOH and a new mathematical model improved from Koning et al. (Aquat Geochem 8:37–67, 2002) to distinguish between biogenic and non-biogenic Si fractions in lake-sediment extracts. We tested this approach in 43 samples of a 19,000-year sediment sequence recovered from Lake Rutundu, a volcanic crater lake on Mt. Kenya. Our results show that a significant fraction of the extractable Si is of non-biogenic origin, especially in the part of the sequence deposited during the glacial period. We conclude that this technique is essential for the characterization of different Si phases, and in particular the diatom-derived BSi, in the sediment of lakes situated in volcanic catchments. It allows calculating a correction, based on the distinct Si:Al ratio of each of those Si phases, that eliminates the contribution from non-BSi fractions.
Lúcia Barão; Gijs De Cort; Patrick Meire; Dirk Verschuren; Eric Struyf. Biogenic Si analysis in volcanically imprinted lacustrine systems: the case of Lake Rutundu (Mt. Kenya). Biogeochemistry 2015, 125, 243 -259.
AMA StyleLúcia Barão, Gijs De Cort, Patrick Meire, Dirk Verschuren, Eric Struyf. Biogenic Si analysis in volcanically imprinted lacustrine systems: the case of Lake Rutundu (Mt. Kenya). Biogeochemistry. 2015; 125 (2):243-259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLúcia Barão; Gijs De Cort; Patrick Meire; Dirk Verschuren; Eric Struyf. 2015. "Biogenic Si analysis in volcanically imprinted lacustrine systems: the case of Lake Rutundu (Mt. Kenya)." Biogeochemistry 125, no. 2: 243-259.
The biogeochemical cycling of silicon (Si) along the land‐to‐ocean continuum is studied by a variety of research fields and for a variety of scientific reasons. However, there is an increasing need to refine the methodology and the underlying assumptions used to determine biogenic silica (BSi) concentrations. Recent evidence suggests that contributions of nonbiogenic sources of Si dissolving during alkaline extractions, not corrected by standard silicate mineral dissolution correction protocols, can be substantial. The ratio between dissolved Si and aluminum (Al) monitored continuously during the alkaline extraction can be used to infer the origin of the Si fractions present. In this study, we applied both a continuous analysis method (0.5 M NaOH) and a traditional 0.1 M Na2CO3 extraction to a wide array of samples: (1) terrestrial vegetation, (2) soils from forest, cropland and pasture, (3) lake sediments, (4) suspended particulate matter and sediments from rivers, (5) sediments from estuaries and salt marshes and (6) ocean sediments. Our results indicate that the 0.1 M Na2CO3 extraction protocol can overestimate the BSi content, by simultaneously dissolving Si fractions of nonbiogenic origin that may represent up to 100% of the Si traditionally considered as biogenic, hampering interpretation especially in some deeper soil horizons, rivers and coastal oceanic sediments. Moreover, although the term amorphous Si was coined to reflect a growing awareness of nonbiogenic phases we show it is actually inappropriate in samples where silicate minerals may account for a large part of the extracted Si even after linear mineral correction.
Lúcia Barão; Floor Vandevenne; Wim Clymans; Patrick Frings; Olivier Ragueneau; Patrick Meire; Daniel Joseph Conley; Eric Struyf. Alkaline‐extractable silicon from land to ocean: A challenge for biogenic silicon determination. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 2015, 13, 329 -344.
AMA StyleLúcia Barão, Floor Vandevenne, Wim Clymans, Patrick Frings, Olivier Ragueneau, Patrick Meire, Daniel Joseph Conley, Eric Struyf. Alkaline‐extractable silicon from land to ocean: A challenge for biogenic silicon determination. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 2015; 13 (7):329-344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLúcia Barão; Floor Vandevenne; Wim Clymans; Patrick Frings; Olivier Ragueneau; Patrick Meire; Daniel Joseph Conley; Eric Struyf. 2015. "Alkaline‐extractable silicon from land to ocean: A challenge for biogenic silicon determination." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 13, no. 7: 329-344.
The primary source of dissolved silicon (Si: DSi) is the weathering of silicate minerals. In recent years, it has been shown that Si cycling through vegetation creates a more soluble Si pool in the soil, as amorphous Si (ASi) deposits in plants (phytoliths) are returned to the soil through litter. Amorphous Si accumulation in soils depends on a number of factors, including land use. In addition to the biogenic ASi fraction, soils contain other non‐biogenic amorphous and sorbed Si fractions that could contribute significantly to DSi export to rivers, but hitherto these Si fractions have been difficult to separate from each other with traditionally applied extraction methods. The objective of this paper is to understand better how land use affects the distribution of the different extractable Si fractions. We re‐analysed samples from the land‐use gradient studied previously by Clymans et al. (2011) with a continuous Si and aluminium (Al) extraction technique. Different extractable Si fractions of biogenic or pedogenic origin were successfully separated on the basis of their dissolution in alkaline solutions (Na2CO3 and NaOH) and Si:Al ratios. We show that forests store almost all alkaline extractable Si (AlkExSi) in the pedogenic fraction while the importance of phytoliths increases with human disturbance to become the dominant fraction in the AlkExSi pool at the arable site. The pedogenic AlkExSi pool is also more reactive than the phytolith‐bound Si. Conversely, pastures and croplands tend to preserve phytoliths in the soil, which are less reactive, decreasing the potential of DSi export relative to forested ecosystems.
L. Barao; Wim Clymans; F. Vandevenne; P. Meire; Daniel Joseph Conley; Eric Struyf. Pedogenic and biogenic alkaline-extracted silicon distributions along a temperate land-use gradient. European Journal of Soil Science 2014, 65, 693 -705.
AMA StyleL. Barao, Wim Clymans, F. Vandevenne, P. Meire, Daniel Joseph Conley, Eric Struyf. Pedogenic and biogenic alkaline-extracted silicon distributions along a temperate land-use gradient. European Journal of Soil Science. 2014; 65 (5):693-705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Barao; Wim Clymans; F. Vandevenne; P. Meire; Daniel Joseph Conley; Eric Struyf. 2014. "Pedogenic and biogenic alkaline-extracted silicon distributions along a temperate land-use gradient." European Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 5: 693-705.
Wim Clymans; T. Lehtinen; G. Gisladottir; G.J. Lair; L. Barao; K.V. Ragnarsdottir; E. Struyf; D.J. Conley. Si Precipitation During Weathering in Different Icelandic Andosols. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 2014, 10, 260 -265.
AMA StyleWim Clymans, T. Lehtinen, G. Gisladottir, G.J. Lair, L. Barao, K.V. Ragnarsdottir, E. Struyf, D.J. Conley. Si Precipitation During Weathering in Different Icelandic Andosols. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science. 2014; 10 ():260-265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWim Clymans; T. Lehtinen; G. Gisladottir; G.J. Lair; L. Barao; K.V. Ragnarsdottir; E. Struyf; D.J. Conley. 2014. "Si Precipitation During Weathering in Different Icelandic Andosols." Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 10, no. : 260-265.
How does the interaction between silicon (Si) and vegetation affect local and global ecological processes, higher levels of ecological organization, and terrestrial‐ and watershed‐scale Si fluxes?
Jonas Schoelynck; Frauke Müller; Floor Vandevenne; Kris Bal; Lúcia Barão; Adriaan Smis; Wout Opdekamp; Patrick Meire; Eric Struyf. Silicon-vegetation interaction in multiple ecosystems: a review. Journal of Vegetation Science 2013, 25, 301 -313.
AMA StyleJonas Schoelynck, Frauke Müller, Floor Vandevenne, Kris Bal, Lúcia Barão, Adriaan Smis, Wout Opdekamp, Patrick Meire, Eric Struyf. Silicon-vegetation interaction in multiple ecosystems: a review. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2013; 25 (1):301-313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonas Schoelynck; Frauke Müller; Floor Vandevenne; Kris Bal; Lúcia Barão; Adriaan Smis; Wout Opdekamp; Patrick Meire; Eric Struyf. 2013. "Silicon-vegetation interaction in multiple ecosystems: a review." Journal of Vegetation Science 25, no. 1: 301-313.
Beer is a quintessential part of Belgian heritage. We performed a detailed analysis of factors controlling Si content in Belgian beers as a case study to coincide with the 2011 IBiS meeting in Antwerp (Belgium). Beer is one of the richest dietary sources of Si. Three decades of research have yielded evidence of a role for Si in human physiology: it plays an essential role in bone mineral density and reduces the biological availability of aluminium. We analysed 119 Belgian beers: highest dissolved Si concentrations were found in high fermentation, traditionally brewed ales. Concentrations ranged between 214 and 2,071 μmol L − 1. This is probably due to the complexity and length of the brewing procedure: longer, more complicated processing and presence of brewing sediment in the bottle allows more Si to dissolve out of the base products like hop, barley or even rice. As a side effect of fermentation, alcohol content was related to Si content.
Jonas Schoelynck; Olivier Beauchard; Sander Jacobs; Kris Bal; Lúcia Barão; Adriaan Smis; Jonathan Van Bergen; Floor Vandevenne; Patrick Meire; Tom Van Der Spiet; Anne Cools; Dimitri Van Pelt; Martin Hodson; Eric Struyf. Dissolved Silicon and Its Origin in Belgian Beers—A Multivariate Analysis. Silicon 2012, 5, 3 -12.
AMA StyleJonas Schoelynck, Olivier Beauchard, Sander Jacobs, Kris Bal, Lúcia Barão, Adriaan Smis, Jonathan Van Bergen, Floor Vandevenne, Patrick Meire, Tom Van Der Spiet, Anne Cools, Dimitri Van Pelt, Martin Hodson, Eric Struyf. Dissolved Silicon and Its Origin in Belgian Beers—A Multivariate Analysis. Silicon. 2012; 5 (1):3-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonas Schoelynck; Olivier Beauchard; Sander Jacobs; Kris Bal; Lúcia Barão; Adriaan Smis; Jonathan Van Bergen; Floor Vandevenne; Patrick Meire; Tom Van Der Spiet; Anne Cools; Dimitri Van Pelt; Martin Hodson; Eric Struyf. 2012. "Dissolved Silicon and Its Origin in Belgian Beers—A Multivariate Analysis." Silicon 5, no. 1: 3-12.