Valorar la formación, la percepción de preparación y las necesidades formativas en cuidados paliativos (CP) teóricas y prácticas de las enfermeras de atención primaria en España. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Centros de atención primaria en España con acceso online. Enfermeras de atención primaria en España durante enero y febrero de 2021. De las 344 respuestas, 339 cumplían criterios de inclusión. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, formación en CP, necesidades de formación mediante cuestionario online de Google Forms e Instrumento INCUE. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y se compararon los resultados mediante test de simetría exacto y test de Mann-Whitney. Mayoritariamente mujeres (82,6%) con una media de edad de 45,5 años. El 86,1% de las enfermeras encuestadas tenían formación en CP, siendo básica en el 45,4%. Solo el 40,5% se sienten bastante o muy preparadas para cuidar de pacientes paliativos. Demandaban mayor formación en psicoemocional y duelo y afrontamiento de pérdidas. Superaron el bloque teórico el 83,76%, frente el 43,36% del práctico, detectándose mayores necesidades formativas en este último (p < 0,001). Las proporciones de capacitados variaban en función del nivel formativo. La formación enfermera en CP en atención primaria continúa siendo deficitaria sobre todo en su aplicación práctica, siendo necesaria formación dirigida para que repercuta en el cuidado de las personas con necesidades paliativas y sus familias.

Aim: This study aims to assess the influence of training on nurses’ attitudes toward end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic alarm state in Spain. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was carried out by means of an ad hoc questionnaire using Google Forms in April and May 2020. The score of attitudes toward end-of-life care was used, to which sociodemographic variables and training in palliative care were added. Methods: Data were collected from 238 nursing professionals who had cared for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 adult patients at the end-of-life stage in a hospital or nursing home. Results: Results showed that 51% of the nurses in the sample had training in palliative care. However, the percentage decreased to 38.5% among those who cared for COVID-19 patients and to 44.5% in those who cared for non-COVID-19 patients. In relation to attitudes about end-of-life care, more positive attitudes and a higher mean score were found in the trained group. Conclusions: Palliative care training is a key element in end-of-life care and is even more important in times of COVID-19. Impact: Although end-of-life accompaniment has been studied, few studies have included the influence of training on this during the pandemic. This study identifies key elements of accompaniment and training in a comparison of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. In relation to attitudes toward end-of-life care, the results showed a more positive attitude and a higher mean score in the trained group (3.43 ± 0.37 versus 3.21 ± 0.32), the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Many instruments have been created to measure knowledge and attitudes in palliative care. However, not only is it important to acquire knowledge, but also that this knowledge should reach patients and their relatives through application in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the INCUE questionnaire (Investigación Cuidados Enfermeros/Investigation into Nurses’ Care Understanding of End-of-Life) to assess the basic training needs of primary or home healthcare nurses in palliative care. A questionnaire was developed based on the classical theory of tests and factor analysis models. Initially, 18 experts developed 67 items in two blocks and determined content validity by two rounds of expert panels. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing were conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 370 nurses. Some items were observed to have very low homogeneity indices or presented convergence problems and were eliminated. Questionnaire reliability was 0.700 in the theoretical block (KR20 Index) and 0.941 in the practical block (Cronbach’s alpha). The model converges and shows an adequate fit, specifically CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.977 and RMSEA = 0.05. The correlation between the two factors in the model is ρ = 0.63. The questionnaire objectively evaluates primary or home healthcare nurses’ knowledge of palliative care and its practical application, thereby facilitating more efficient training plans.

Background: Primary Health Care nurses express deficits in their training in Palliative Care. The purpose of this study is to design a Palliative Care training plan and a bereavement care protocol for Primary Health Care nurses of the Dr. Peset Health Department according to their needs. Methods: Assessment of theoretical and practical training needs and literature review for the design of the training plan. Results: A training plan was elaborated that included a protocol of care for the bereaved. The plan was adjusted to the needs detected in Primary Health Care nurses of the Dr. Peset Health Department. Important training deficits were detected in clinical practice; Conclusions: Improving the care of people with palliative needs in Primary Health Care requires adequate training of the nurses who care for them so their knowledge is the basis of their interventions. This study was not registered.

Analizar la mortandad de la muestra en investigaciones con pacientes paliativos oncológicos en domicilio. Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se planteó un estudio multicéntrico con muestreo intencional entre enero 2011 y junio 2012. Criterios de inclusión: Pacientes oncológicos subsidiarios de cuidados paliativos, ECOG 2-3, mayores de 18 años, con cuidador familiar en domicilio y consentimiento informado. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, mortandad de la muestra y otros factores relacionados con las dificultades en el reclutamiento, la participación y los tiempos de dilación entre las etapas de la investigación. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales. Ciento treinta y cuatro pacientes cumplían criterios de inclusión, con una edad media de 69,97 años. El 50% eran hombres, estando casados el 58,2% y viudos el 29,9%. Tan solo 57 pacientes concluyeron el estudio. El 53% de los pacientes no fueron incluidos en el estudio, un 4,5% de las entrevistas no se concluyeron, por lo que la mortandad de la muestra fue del 57,5%. Declinaron participar el 35,2% de los pacientes (57,7% hombres) y el 42,3% de los cuidadores (80,3% mujeres). El equipo excluyó al 22,5%de los pacientes por causas clínicas. Las causas de la no participación fueron: sin especificar el 29,6%; reagudización de los síntomas el 25,4%; deterioro del estado general el 23,9%; exitus el 8,5%; no problemas alimenticios el 5,6%; falta de tiempo el 4,2%; no firmar el consentimiento el 1,4%; y no implicar a la cuidadora el 1,4%.Todas las entrevistas no concluidas fueron causadas por reagudización sintomática. El tiempo transcurrido entre el reclutamiento y el sondeo sobre la participación no fue estadísticamente significativo entre los participantes y los no participantes. Tampoco lo fue entre las entrevistas concluidas y las no concluidas. El diseño de cualquier investigación en paliativos debería tener en cuenta la alta mortandad de la muestra en este tipo de investigaciones, no habiéndose encontrado factores fácilmente modificables por el investigador que puedan disminuirla. To analyze the sample attrition in research with cancer patients at home. Descriptive and transversal study. Multicentre study with purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria: palliative oncological, ECOG 2-3, older than 18 years, with family caregiver at home, informed consent. Variables: sociodemographic, sample attrition and other factors related to recruiting difficulties, participation and time delay between stages of research. Descriptive and inferential analysis. One hundred and thirty four patients met the inclusion criteria, 69.97 years old on average. 50% men, 58.2% were married and 29.9% widowed. Only 57 patients completed the study. Fifty-three percent of patients were not included in the study. The sample attrition was 57.5%, 4.5% surveys were not completed. 35.2% patients declined to participate (57.7% men) and 42.3% caregivers (80.3% women). The team excluded 22.5% patients for clinical reasons. The causes of nonparticipation were: 29.6% unspecified, 25.4% symptomatic exacerbation, 23.9% patient worsening, 8.5% died, 5.6% had no food problems, 4.2% lack of time, 1.4% did not sign consent and 1.4% patients did not want to involve their caregiver. All of the uncompleted surveys were due to symptomatic exacerbation. The time between recruitment and surveying on participation was not statistically significant between participants and nonparticipants, or between the completed and uncompleted surveys. The design of any investigation in palliative care should consider the high sample attrition in this type of research, factors that could be easily modifiable by the researcher to reduce it were not found.

Introduction: conflicts are part of human relationships. Few studies have looked at the conflicts that food can produce at the end of life, the factors that affect its appearance, and the way to manage them. This knowledge would help healthcare teams to improve the care of these patients and their families. Aim: to analyze the existence of a family conflict linked to food in palliative-care oncological patients, its management, and the influence on their appearance of changes in diet, diet control, need to eat, support, adaptation to disease, and the association of feeding with survival, quality of life, and care. Methods: the design of the study was cross-sectional. Data from 57 palliative-care onoological patient-family caregiver pairs were collected through a validated ad hoc interview and the PACIS scale. The data was analyzed through content analyses and descriptive and inferential analyses. Results: patients and caregivers recognized the existence of conflict related to the patient's diet (49.1 % and 54.4 %), with approximately 30 % Keywords: managing it in an inappropriate way. None of the analyzed variables was statistically significant in relation to conflict appearance (considering p < 0.05), except patient need to eat (chi(2) = 9.163, p = 0,027). Palliative care. Cancer. Conflict. Conclusions: family conflict due to patient feeding is reported as a problem that requires reflection, analysis, and intervention by the healthcare Feeding. team, given that all factors involved in its appearance could not be established.