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Volker Coors has been Professor of Computer Science in the Department of Surveying, Computer Science and Mathematics at the Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences since September 2002. He is scientific director of the institute of applied research at HFT Stuttgart as well as Director of the Steinbeis Center for Technology Transfer at HFT Stuttgart and spokesman of joint PhD program Windy Cities. His research focuses on 3D geodata infrastructures and Geo-Visualization. Prof. Coors is a voting member of the CityGML Standard Working (SWG) and chair of the 3D Portrayal SWG of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). He has published several journal papers and books on 3D City models and Urban Data Management both as author and editor. He was involved in several national and European research projects on 3D urban modelling, location based computing and augmented reality.
A quantitative assessment of food-water-energy interactions is important to assess pathways and scenarios towards a holistically sustainable regional development. While a range of tools and methods exist that assess energetic demands and potentials on a regional scale, the same is not true for assessments of regional food demand and potential. This work introduces a new food simulation workflow to address local food potential and demand at the regional level, by extending an existing regional energy-water simulation platform. The goal of this work is to develop a GIS-based bottom-up approach to simulate regional food demand that can be linked to similarly GIS-based workflows assessing regional water demands and energetic demands and potentials. This allows us to study food-water-energy issues on a local scale. For this, a CityGML land use data model is extended with a feed and animal potential raster map as well as a soil type map to serve as the main inputs. The workflow simulates: (1) the vegetal and animal product food potentials by taking climate, crop type, soil type, organic farming, and food waste parameters into account; (2) the food demand of vegetal and animal products influenced by population change, body weight, age, human development index, and other indicators. The method is tested and validated in three German counties with various land use coverages. The results show that restricting land used exclusively for energy crop production is the most effective way to increase annual food production potential. Climate change by 2050 is expected to result in annual biomass yield changes between −4% and 2% depending on the region. The amount of animal product consumption is expected to rise by 16% by 2050, while 4% fewer vegetal products are excepted to be consumed.
Keyu Bao; Rushikesh Padsala; Volker Coors; Daniela Thrän; Bastian Schröter. A GIS-Based Simulation Method for Regional Food Potential and Demand. Land 2021, 10, 880 .
AMA StyleKeyu Bao, Rushikesh Padsala, Volker Coors, Daniela Thrän, Bastian Schröter. A GIS-Based Simulation Method for Regional Food Potential and Demand. Land. 2021; 10 (8):880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKeyu Bao; Rushikesh Padsala; Volker Coors; Daniela Thrän; Bastian Schröter. 2021. "A GIS-Based Simulation Method for Regional Food Potential and Demand." Land 10, no. 8: 880.
District heating is seen as an important concept to decarbonize heating systems and meet climate mitigation goals. However, the decision related to where central heating is most viable is dependent on many different aspects, like heating densities or current heating structures. An urban energy simulation platform based on 3D building objects can improve the accuracy of energy demand calculation on building level, but lacks a system perspective. Energy system models help to find economically optimal solutions for entire energy systems, including the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat, but do not usually provide information on building level. Coupling both methods through a novel heating grid disaggregation algorithm, we propose a framework that does three things simultaneously: optimize energy systems that can comprise all demand sectors as well as sector coupling, assess the role of centralized heating in such optimized energy systems, and determine the layouts of supplying district heating grids with a spatial resolution on the street level. The algorithm is tested on two case studies; one, an urban city quarter, and the other, a rural town. In the urban city quarter, district heating is economically feasible in all scenarios. Using heat pumps in addition to CHPs increases the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat. In the rural quarter, central heat pumps guarantee the feasibility of district heating, while standalone CHPs are more expensive than decentral heating technologies.
Annette Steingrube; Keyu Bao; Stefan Wieland; Andrés Lalama; Pithon Kabiro; Volker Coors; Bastian Schröter. A Method for Optimizing and Spatially Distributing Heating Systems by Coupling an Urban Energy Simulation Platform and an Energy System Model. Resources 2021, 10, 52 .
AMA StyleAnnette Steingrube, Keyu Bao, Stefan Wieland, Andrés Lalama, Pithon Kabiro, Volker Coors, Bastian Schröter. A Method for Optimizing and Spatially Distributing Heating Systems by Coupling an Urban Energy Simulation Platform and an Energy System Model. Resources. 2021; 10 (5):52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnette Steingrube; Keyu Bao; Stefan Wieland; Andrés Lalama; Pithon Kabiro; Volker Coors; Bastian Schröter. 2021. "A Method for Optimizing and Spatially Distributing Heating Systems by Coupling an Urban Energy Simulation Platform and an Energy System Model." Resources 10, no. 5: 52.
Grouping techniques are frequently used in urban studies as a means for partitioning building stock heterogeneity. The choice of grouping techniques and selection indices can have a significant influence on the segmentation of building stock and associated identification of representative buildings. To date, this issue has not been systematically examined nor justified. The current paper compares different grouping and partition selection techniques using residential building data from Germany. Three grouping techniques are investigated: supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised. The unsupervised approach is addressed through three clustering algorithms in this work: agnes, diana and partition around medoids. The semi-supervised approach consists of typology-based seed buildings coupled with a distance-based grouping, while the supervised approach relies on classification rules. The resulting partitions are assessed through multiple criteria: internal indices (CH, Dunn2, Silhouette), external index (F-measure) and impact on heating demand modelling (Heating Demand Error). Results show that the algorithms and the selection indices impact the choice of representative buildings to be modelled. Moreover, considering the F-measure, similarities between the three techniques results were observed on some of the groups. Parameters to account for when selecting a grouping technique are discussed and include the number of groups, group uniformity, and compactness/separation.
Solène Goy; Volker Coors; Donal Finn. Grouping techniques for building stock analysis: A comparative case study. Energy and Buildings 2021, 236, 110754 .
AMA StyleSolène Goy, Volker Coors, Donal Finn. Grouping techniques for building stock analysis: A comparative case study. Energy and Buildings. 2021; 236 ():110754.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSolène Goy; Volker Coors; Donal Finn. 2021. "Grouping techniques for building stock analysis: A comparative case study." Energy and Buildings 236, no. : 110754.
The assessment of regional bioenergy potentials from different types of natural land cover is an integral part of simulation tools that aim to assess local renewable energy systems. This work introduces a new workflow, which evaluates regional bioenergy potentials and its impact on water demand based on geographical information system (GIS)-based land use data, satellite maps on local crop types and soil types, and conversion factors from biomass to bioenergy. The actual annual biomass yield of crops is assessed through an automated process considering the factors of local climate, crop type, soil, and irrigation. The crop biomass yields are validated with historic statistical data, with deviation less than 7% in most cases. Additionally, the resulting bioenergy potentials yield between 10.7 and 12.0 GWh/ha compared with 13.3 GWh/ha from other studies. The potential contribution from bioenergy on the energy demand were investigated in the two case studies, representing the agricultural-dominant rural area in North Germany and suburban region in South Germany: Simulation of the future bioenergy potential for 2050 shows only smaller effects from climate change (less than 4%) and irrigation (below 3%), but the potential to cover up to 21% of the transport fuels demand in scenario supporting biodiesel and bioethanol for transportation.
Keyu Bao; Rushikesh Padsala; Volker Coors; Daniela Thrän; Bastian Schröter. A Method for Assessing Regional Bioenergy Potentials Based on GIS Data and a Dynamic Yield Simulation Model. Energies 2020, 13, 6488 .
AMA StyleKeyu Bao, Rushikesh Padsala, Volker Coors, Daniela Thrän, Bastian Schröter. A Method for Assessing Regional Bioenergy Potentials Based on GIS Data and a Dynamic Yield Simulation Model. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKeyu Bao; Rushikesh Padsala; Volker Coors; Daniela Thrän; Bastian Schröter. 2020. "A Method for Assessing Regional Bioenergy Potentials Based on GIS Data and a Dynamic Yield Simulation Model." Energies 13, no. 24: 6488.
The concept and implementation of Smart Cities is an important approach to improve decision making as well as quality of life of the growing urban population. An essential part of this is the presentation of data from different sources within a digital city model. Wind flow at building scale has a strong impact on many health and energy issues in a city. For the analysis of urban wind, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an established tool, but requires specialist knowledge to prepare the geometric input during a time-consuming process. Results are available only as predefined selections of pictures or videos. In this article, a continuous, semi-automated workflow is presented, which ❶ speeds-up the preparation of CFD simulation models using a largely automated geometry optimization; and ❷ enables web-based interactive exploration of urban wind simulations to a large and diverse audience, including experts and layman. Results are evaluated based on a case study using a part of a district in Stuttgart in terms of: ➀ time saving of the CFD model preparation workflow (85% faster than the manual method), ➁ response time measurements of different data formats within the Smart City platform (3D Tiles loaded 30% faster than geoJSON using the same data representations) and protocols (3DPS provided much higher flexibility than static and 3D container API), as well as ➃ subjective user experience analysis of various visualization schemes of urban wind. Time saving for the model optimization may, however, vary depending on the data quality and the extent of the study area.
Martina E. Deininger; Maximilian Von Der Grün; Raul Piepereit; Sven Schneider; Thunyathep Santhanavanich; Volker Coors; Ursula Voß. A Continuous, Semi-Automated Workflow: From 3D City Models with Geometric Optimization and CFD Simulations to Visualization of Wind in an Urban Environment. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 657 .
AMA StyleMartina E. Deininger, Maximilian Von Der Grün, Raul Piepereit, Sven Schneider, Thunyathep Santhanavanich, Volker Coors, Ursula Voß. A Continuous, Semi-Automated Workflow: From 3D City Models with Geometric Optimization and CFD Simulations to Visualization of Wind in an Urban Environment. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (11):657.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartina E. Deininger; Maximilian Von Der Grün; Raul Piepereit; Sven Schneider; Thunyathep Santhanavanich; Volker Coors; Ursula Voß. 2020. "A Continuous, Semi-Automated Workflow: From 3D City Models with Geometric Optimization and CFD Simulations to Visualization of Wind in an Urban Environment." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11: 657.
In this paper, a novel approach to specify application-specific requirements for 3D City Models is proposed. A modular set of geometric and semantic requirements that are based on the OGC CityGML Quality Interoperability Experiment (Coors and Wagner in Fernerkundung und Geoinformation eV 24:288–295, 2015) has been specified. Depending on the purpose of the model, not all requirements are mandatory. For example, if the model is used for visualization only, solid geometry is not required. However, if the same model should be used for analytic purpose such as heating demand simulation, solid geometry is mandatory. A formal definition of a validation plan is proposed in this paper to specify the application-specific set of requirements. This gives the city model manufacturers the possibility to provide proof that their model is usable in certain applications and can certify a certain level of quality. The concept is evaluated with the definition of a validation plan for heating demand simulation. It has been successfully implemented using the Software CityDoctor and SimStadt.
Volker Coors; Matthias Betz; Eric Duminil. A Concept of Quality Management of 3D City Models Supporting Application-Specific Requirements. PFG – Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science 2020, 88, 3 -14.
AMA StyleVolker Coors, Matthias Betz, Eric Duminil. A Concept of Quality Management of 3D City Models Supporting Application-Specific Requirements. PFG – Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science. 2020; 88 (1):3-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVolker Coors; Matthias Betz; Eric Duminil. 2020. "A Concept of Quality Management of 3D City Models Supporting Application-Specific Requirements." PFG – Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science 88, no. 1: 3-14.
O. Cervantes; C. Ellu; D. Sol; G. Agugiaro; S. Zlatanova; R. Laurini; V. Coors; M. Rumor. PREFACE. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2017, IV-4/W3, 1 -3.
AMA StyleO. Cervantes, C. Ellu, D. Sol, G. Agugiaro, S. Zlatanova, R. Laurini, V. Coors, M. Rumor. PREFACE. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2017; IV-4/W3 ():1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO. Cervantes; C. Ellu; D. Sol; G. Agugiaro; S. Zlatanova; R. Laurini; V. Coors; M. Rumor. 2017. "PREFACE." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W3, no. : 1-3.
Virtual 3D models of cities are now being extensively employed for the estimation of thermal energy demand at varying spatial and temporal scales. Efforts in preparing and management of the datasets required for the simulations have reached an advanced stage. Thus allowing to perform city scale simulations using simplified thermal energy balance models. However, the uncertainty inherent in datasets and the reliability of their data sources are often not given due consideration. Such consideration to the uncertainty problem would need a paradigm shift in simulation practices from a single value assignment to uncertainty characterization followed by assessment of qualitative and quantitative impact on the simulation results. The proposed study establishes a mechanism to handle the uncertainty arising from the building geometry reconstruction process and its possible consequences on the thermal energy demand calculations.
P. Wate; V. Coors; D. Robinson; M. Iglesias. QUALITATIVE SCREENING METHOD FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAIN BUILDING GEOMETRY ON THERMAL ENERGY DEMAND PREDICTIONS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2016, XLII-2/W2, 127 -134.
AMA StyleP. Wate, V. Coors, D. Robinson, M. Iglesias. QUALITATIVE SCREENING METHOD FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAIN BUILDING GEOMETRY ON THERMAL ENERGY DEMAND PREDICTIONS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2016; XLII-2/W2 ():127-134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Wate; V. Coors; D. Robinson; M. Iglesias. 2016. "QUALITATIVE SCREENING METHOD FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAIN BUILDING GEOMETRY ON THERMAL ENERGY DEMAND PREDICTIONS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W2, no. : 127-134.
Athanasios Koukofikis; Volker Coors. Optimized conversion from CityGML to X3D using FME. KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 2016, 66, 268 -271.
AMA StyleAthanasios Koukofikis, Volker Coors. Optimized conversion from CityGML to X3D using FME. KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information. 2016; 66 (5):268-271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAthanasios Koukofikis; Volker Coors. 2016. "Optimized conversion from CityGML to X3D using FME." KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 66, no. 5: 268-271.
Sisi Zlatanova; R. Laurini; M. Baucic; M. Rumor; C. Ellul; V. Coors. PREFACE. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2016, III-4/W1, 1 -1.
AMA StyleSisi Zlatanova, R. Laurini, M. Baucic, M. Rumor, C. Ellul, V. Coors. PREFACE. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2016; III-4/W1 ():1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSisi Zlatanova; R. Laurini; M. Baucic; M. Rumor; C. Ellul; V. Coors. 2016. "PREFACE." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-4/W1, no. : 1-1.
The number of potential and existing application domains for 3D city models has increased during recent years. As the quality of city models varies, many data sets are not suitable for certain applications. The mere compliance with existing standards such as CityGML is not sufficient. A definition of data quality in a domain-specific context is necessary to validate data sets and to avoid erroneous results in down-stream applications. Although the workflow for 3D city models is well-established from data acquisition to processing, analysis and visualization, quality management is not yet a standard during this workflow. We show that this problem persists even if data are standard compliant. Validation results of real-world city models are presented to demonstrate the potential of the approach. A tool to repair the errors detected during the validation process is under development; first results are presented and discussed. The goal is to heal defects of the models automatically and export a corrected CityGML model.
Nazmul Alam; Detlev Wagner; Mark Wewetzer; Julius Von Falkenhausen; Volker Coors; Margitta Pries. Towards Automatic Validation and Healing of CityGML Models for Geometric and Semantic Consistency. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2014, 77 -91.
AMA StyleNazmul Alam, Detlev Wagner, Mark Wewetzer, Julius Von Falkenhausen, Volker Coors, Margitta Pries. Towards Automatic Validation and Healing of CityGML Models for Geometric and Semantic Consistency. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2014; ():77-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNazmul Alam; Detlev Wagner; Mark Wewetzer; Julius Von Falkenhausen; Volker Coors; Margitta Pries. 2014. "Towards Automatic Validation and Healing of CityGML Models for Geometric and Semantic Consistency." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 77-91.
In many domains, data quality is recognized as a key factor for successful business and quality management is a mandatory process in the production chain. Automated domain-specific tools are widely used for validation of business-critical data. Although the workflow for 3D city models is well-established from data acquisition to processing, analysis and visualization, quality management is not yet a standard during this workflow. Erroneous results and application defects are among the consequences of processing data with unclear specification. We show that this problem persists even if data are standard compliant and develop systematic rules for the validation of geometric-semantical consistency. A test implementation of the rule set and validation results of real-world city models are presented to demonstrate the potential of the approach.
Detlev Wagner; Mark Wewetzer; Jürgen Bogdahn; Nazmul Alam; Margitta Pries; Volker Coors. Geometric-Semantical Consistency Validation of CityGML Models. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2012, 171 -192.
AMA StyleDetlev Wagner, Mark Wewetzer, Jürgen Bogdahn, Nazmul Alam, Margitta Pries, Volker Coors. Geometric-Semantical Consistency Validation of CityGML Models. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2012; ():171-192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDetlev Wagner; Mark Wewetzer; Jürgen Bogdahn; Nazmul Alam; Margitta Pries; Volker Coors. 2012. "Geometric-Semantical Consistency Validation of CityGML Models." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 171-192.
In recent years the technology and workflow for producing and management of large 3D urban models has been established and widely been used. Standards such as CityGML enable the modelling and exchange of semantically enriched multi-purpose 3D urban models for applications like urban planning, public participation, environmental simulation and navigation. However, data quality management is essential to control and enhance the quality of these models in order to be able to meet the needs of the aforementioned applications. Quality management should be performed throughout the whole lifecycle of geospatial datasets – from data acquisition to processing, analysis and visualisation. In this paper, we therefore focus on the integration of a quality management software module into a 3D geospatial data server. First results of a prototype system developed at HFT Stuttgart together with Fraunhofer IGD will be presented in this paper as a starting point for further research into the field of quality management of 3D city models.
V. Coors; M. Krämer. INTEGRATING QUALITY MANAGEMENT INTO A 3D GEOSPATIAL SERVER. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2011, XXXVIII-4/, 7 -12.
AMA StyleV. Coors, M. Krämer. INTEGRATING QUALITY MANAGEMENT INTO A 3D GEOSPATIAL SERVER. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2011; XXXVIII-4/ ():7-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Coors; M. Krämer. 2011. "INTEGRATING QUALITY MANAGEMENT INTO A 3D GEOSPATIAL SERVER." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXVIII-4/, no. : 7-12.
Despite their popularity electronic maps on mobile devices have not eliminated the use of paper maps. Conventional paper maps can offer a quick overview due to their large format while the map content on mobile devices is adjusted to the limited display size. However the electronic map applications provide many additional functions that paper cannot offer. The authors provide arguments for the linking of the two worlds through explaining how the advantages of both media complement each other. Hence, an approach to bridge the technological gap between analogue paper and the electronic domain is presented. A technology developed by Swedish company Anoto is used to enhance regular paper with an unobtrusive dot pattern enabling an electronic pen with a camera to determine its position on the paper. The potential benefits of this technology are discussed on the basis of two application scenarios that can demonstrate the feasibility of the linking of digital and analogue media and its benefits for the map user.
Christian Pauschert; Emanuel Riplinger; Carola Tiede; Volker Coors. Benefits through Linking of analogue and digital Maps. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2011, 205 -217.
AMA StyleChristian Pauschert, Emanuel Riplinger, Carola Tiede, Volker Coors. Benefits through Linking of analogue and digital Maps. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2011; ():205-217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Pauschert; Emanuel Riplinger; Carola Tiede; Volker Coors. 2011. "Benefits through Linking of analogue and digital Maps." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 205-217.
Jürgen Bogdahn; Volker Coors. Procedural façade textures for 3D city models. Urban and Regional Data Management 2009, 1 .
AMA StyleJürgen Bogdahn, Volker Coors. Procedural façade textures for 3D city models. Urban and Regional Data Management. 2009; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Bogdahn; Volker Coors. 2009. "Procedural façade textures for 3D city models." Urban and Regional Data Management , no. : 1.
In this paper, we propose a new concept for modelling 3D buildings by a set of constraints using the generative modelling language (sorry, another GML). The main advantage of GML is that the building is not fixed but can interactively be changed by the user within the given constraints. One application of this concept is the 3D visualization of a zoning map or master plan for public participation. At zoning map level, a building geometry is not precisely defined yet but some legally binding constraints are given. With the proposed approach a 3D urban model can be generated based on the zoning map. In addition, the user can interactively modify buildings and explore variations within the given constraints.
Volker Coors; Karina Hünlich; Giwon On. Constraint-based Generation and Visualization of 3D City Models. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2008, 365 -378.
AMA StyleVolker Coors, Karina Hünlich, Giwon On. Constraint-based Generation and Visualization of 3D City Models. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2008; ():365-378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVolker Coors; Karina Hünlich; Giwon On. 2008. "Constraint-based Generation and Visualization of 3D City Models." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 365-378.
The paper focuses on the actual and upcoming developments of web services that provide 3D spatial data for several client devices. The Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics is actively involved into the development of a Web3D Service and has implemented extensions to this service proposal. Having a look at these extensions we will describe the motivation, the implementation, and the application in different areas, especially navigation systems. By using mobile devices in navigation applications the performance problems of low bandwidths have to be solved. To transfer 3D data, different extending approaches like compression to reduce idle time are presented. Applications for cyclists, hikers and tourists building up on these approaches are described. Here, we concentrate on visualization aspects like height profiles or the 3D visualisation on cell phones.
Jörg Haist; Thorsten Reitz; Volker Coors. A Web 3D Service for Navigation Applications. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2007, 15 -28.
AMA StyleJörg Haist, Thorsten Reitz, Volker Coors. A Web 3D Service for Navigation Applications. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2007; ():15-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJörg Haist; Thorsten Reitz; Volker Coors. 2007. "A Web 3D Service for Navigation Applications." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 15-28.
The needs for three-dimensional (3D) visualization and navigation within 3D-GIS environment are growing and expanding rapidly in a variety of fields. In a steady shift from traditional two-dimensional (2D) GIS toward 3D-GIS, a great amount of accurate 3D data sets (e.g. city models) have become necessary to be produced in a short period of time and provided widely on the market. This requires a number of specific issues to be investigated, e.g. 3D routing accuracy, appropriate means to visualize 3D spatial analysis, tools to effortlessly explore and navigate through large models in real time, with the correct texture and geometry. There had been a lot of study on 3D landscapes, urban and city models. The rapid advancement in science and technology had opened wide options for a change and development of current methods and concepts. Virtual Reality (VR) is one of those developments, which gives the sense of feel in virtual environment. It enables users to visualize, make query and exploring 3D data. Such system can, not only help laymen, who often have trouble in understanding or interpreting complex data, but they also can help experts in decision making. The objective of this paper is to discuss some initial requirements of the proposed solution towards 3D-GIS. Eventually, this paper will serve as a starting point for a more challenging research idea. The focus of this research is to investigate and implementing 3D navigation techniques and solutions for 3D-GIS. Investigation on the support of navigation in real world environment will be carried out. This will include a research on the benefits of using 3D network model (non-planar graph) compared to 2D, how to use visual landmarks in route descriptions and using 3D geometry to get more accurate routing (in buildings, or in narrow street, etc). And as for implementation, a GUI provides the users with means (e.g. fill-out forms) to specify SQL queries interact and visualize 3D outcomes in virtual reality environment. This has opened up the ability to distribute and navigate accurately in 3D virtual worlds. The initial study on Klang Valley will go through data conversion processes from different formats like Laser, VRML, CAD and Shape 3D in a first person view environment using a developed system using VRML, JAVA and .Net compiler. The dataset structure will be in the form of various 2D, 2.5D and 3D array of height fields.
Ivin Amri Musliman; Alias Abdul Rahman; Volker Coors. 3D Navigation for 3D-GIS — Initial Requirements. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2007, 259 -268.
AMA StyleIvin Amri Musliman, Alias Abdul Rahman, Volker Coors. 3D Navigation for 3D-GIS — Initial Requirements. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2007; ():259-268.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvin Amri Musliman; Alias Abdul Rahman; Volker Coors. 2007. "3D Navigation for 3D-GIS — Initial Requirements." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 259-268.
Delphi is a new geometry-guided predictive scheme for compressing the connectivity of triangle meshes. Both compression and decompression algorithms traverse the mesh using the EdgeBreaker state machine. However, instead of encoding the EdgeBreaker clers symbols that capture connectivity explicitly, they estimate the location of the unknown vertex, v , of the next triangle. If the predicted location lies sufficiently close to the nearest vertex, w , on the boundary of the previously traversed portion of the mesh, then Delphi estimates that v coincides with w . When the guess is correct, a single confirmation bit is encoded. Otherwise, additional bits are used to encode the rectification of that prediction. When v coincides with a previously visited vertex that is not adjacent to the parent triangle (EdgeBreaker S case), the offset, which identifies the vertex v , must be encoded, mimicking the cut-border machine compression proposed by Gumhold and Strasser. On models where 97% of Delphi predictions are correct, the connectivity is compressed down to 0.19 bits per triangle. Compression rates decrease with the frequency of wrong predictors, but remains below 1.50 bits per triangle for all models tested.
Volker Coors; Jarek Rossignac. Delphi: geometry-based connectivity prediction in triangle mesh compression. The Visual Computer 2004, 20, 507 -520.
AMA StyleVolker Coors, Jarek Rossignac. Delphi: geometry-based connectivity prediction in triangle mesh compression. The Visual Computer. 2004; 20 (8-9):507-520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVolker Coors; Jarek Rossignac. 2004. "Delphi: geometry-based connectivity prediction in triangle mesh compression." The Visual Computer 20, no. 8-9: 507-520.