This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
One of the primary targets for the new lignocellulosic feedstock-based biorefinery is the simultaneous valorization of holocellulose and lignin. Acidified organosolv treatment is among the most promising strategy for recovering technical lignin, water-soluble hemicellulose, and cellulose pulp with increased accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes. In this work, a design-of-experiment (DoE) approach was used to increase the cellulose recovery, digestibility, and the delignification of Cynara cardunculus L. feedstock. In the first treatment, the milled biomass was subjected to microwave-assisted extraction using an acidified GVL/water mixture to separate lignin and hemicellulose from cellulose. In the second treatment, the cellulose pulp was hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes to demonstrate the enhanced digestibility. At the optimal condition (154 °C, 2.24% H2SO4, and 0.62 GVL/water ratio), the cellulose pulp showed a cellulose content of 87.59%, while the lignin content was lower than 8%. The cellulose recovery and digestibility were equal to 79.46% and 86.94%, respectively. About 40% of the initial hemicellulose was recovered as monosaccharides. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the two-step organosolv treatment for biomass fractionation; however, as suggested by DoE analysis, a confirmative study at a low temperature (<154 °C) should be performed to further increase the cellulose recovery.
Tommaso Giannoni; Mattia Gelosia; Alessandro Bertini; Giacomo Fabbrizi; Andrea Nicolini; Valentina Coccia; Paola Iodice; Gianluca Cavalaglio. Fractionation of Cynara cardunculus L. by Acidified Organosolv Treatment for the Extraction of Highly Digestible Cellulose and Technical Lignin. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8714 .
AMA StyleTommaso Giannoni, Mattia Gelosia, Alessandro Bertini, Giacomo Fabbrizi, Andrea Nicolini, Valentina Coccia, Paola Iodice, Gianluca Cavalaglio. Fractionation of Cynara cardunculus L. by Acidified Organosolv Treatment for the Extraction of Highly Digestible Cellulose and Technical Lignin. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8714.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Giannoni; Mattia Gelosia; Alessandro Bertini; Giacomo Fabbrizi; Andrea Nicolini; Valentina Coccia; Paola Iodice; Gianluca Cavalaglio. 2021. "Fractionation of Cynara cardunculus L. by Acidified Organosolv Treatment for the Extraction of Highly Digestible Cellulose and Technical Lignin." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8714.
The brick industry is currently facing a shortage of natural resources. Despite this, the demand for construction bricks is progressively increasing. Alternative materials, such as dredged sediments and solid organic waste, have been recently proposed as options to replace natural clay in brick manufacturing. Potential exploitation of dredged sediments in clay bricks is evaluated in this study. The chemical composition of the mixtures and the opto-thermal properties of brick samples, which differed for the dredged sediment content (from 10% to 50% of the clay weight), were investigated. Chemical analyses detected lower concentrations of heavy metals in bricks incorporating dredged sediments (DS). Negligible variations in thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat were observed by increasing the amount of DS in the mixture. In particular, the thermal conductivity values ranged between 0.45 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1 (DS-50) and 0.50 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1 (DS-30). Conversely, the color shift value and spectral reflectance in the infrared field were found directly proportional to the concentration of DS. Using dredged sediments as building material demonstrated to be a solution to the problem of their disposal and the scarcity of raw materials, reducing the global warming score by up to 2.8%.
Mattia Manni; Fabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi; Tommaso Giannoni; Alessandro Petrozzi; Andrea Nicolini; Franco Cotana. A Comparative Study on Opto-Thermal Properties of Natural Clay Bricks Incorporating Dredged Sediments. Energies 2021, 14, 4575 .
AMA StyleMattia Manni, Fabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi, Tommaso Giannoni, Alessandro Petrozzi, Andrea Nicolini, Franco Cotana. A Comparative Study on Opto-Thermal Properties of Natural Clay Bricks Incorporating Dredged Sediments. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMattia Manni; Fabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi; Tommaso Giannoni; Alessandro Petrozzi; Andrea Nicolini; Franco Cotana. 2021. "A Comparative Study on Opto-Thermal Properties of Natural Clay Bricks Incorporating Dredged Sediments." Energies 14, no. 15: 4575.
Cardoon is low-input biomass which can be efficiently exploited in the modern biorefinery for multi-purpose uses. In this work, cardoon lignocellulosic stalks underwent to acid-catalyzed steam explosion. A design of experiments approach was employed to assess the effect of the process variables (acid concentration, temperature and reaction time) on xylan recovery after direct hydrolysis and cellulose digestibility in the enzymatic hydrolysis step. According to the statistical model generated, the optimal conditions to maximize overall monosaccharides yield were 166 °C, 1.45% (w/w) and 10 min. A monosaccharides production and inhibitors formation of 36.76 g/100 g raw material (close to 70% of the maximal theoretical yield) and 1.80 g/100 g raw material, respectively, were achieved. The scale-up of the hydrolysis step showed superior performance of the washed solid fraction than to the whole slurry, resulting in cellulose conversion to glucose by 76% vs 58%. By employing the life cycle assessment approach, it was possible to determine the environmental impact in terms of the global warming potential (3.18 kgCO2eq/kg of fermentable carbohydrates) and cumulative energy demand (43.34 MJ/kg of fermentable carbohydrates). The low-inhibitor and high-sugar hydrolysate can be fermented to biochemicals and biofuels without any detoxification process.
Gianluca Cavalaglio; Mattia Gelosia; Tommaso Giannoni; Ramoon Barros Lovate Temporim; Andrea Nicolini; Franco Cotana; Alessandro Bertini. Acid-catalyzed steam explosion for high enzymatic saccharification and low inhibitor release from lignocellulosic cardoon stalks. Biochemical Engineering Journal 2021, 174, 108121 .
AMA StyleGianluca Cavalaglio, Mattia Gelosia, Tommaso Giannoni, Ramoon Barros Lovate Temporim, Andrea Nicolini, Franco Cotana, Alessandro Bertini. Acid-catalyzed steam explosion for high enzymatic saccharification and low inhibitor release from lignocellulosic cardoon stalks. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 174 ():108121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianluca Cavalaglio; Mattia Gelosia; Tommaso Giannoni; Ramoon Barros Lovate Temporim; Andrea Nicolini; Franco Cotana; Alessandro Bertini. 2021. "Acid-catalyzed steam explosion for high enzymatic saccharification and low inhibitor release from lignocellulosic cardoon stalks." Biochemical Engineering Journal 174, no. : 108121.
Lignocellulosic biomass is a non-edible feedstock that can be used in integrated biorefinery for the production of biochemicals and biofuel. Among lignocellulosic biomass, Cynara cardunculus L. (cardoon) is a promising crop thanks to its low water and fertilizer demand. Organosolv is a chemical treatment that uses numerous organic or aqueous solvent mixtures, and a small amount of acid catalyst, in order to solubilize the lignin and hemicellulose fractions, making the cellulose accessible to hydrolytic enzymes. Lignocellulosic residues of cardoon underwent a two-step treatment process to obtain fermentable glucose. In the first step, the milled biomass was subjected to microwave-assisted extraction using an acidified γ-valerolactone (GVL)/water mixture, yielding a solid cellulose pulp. In the second step, the pre-treated material was hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes to glucose. The first step was optimized by means of a two-level full factorial design. The investigated factors were process temperature, acid catalyst concentration, and GVL/water ratio. A glucose production equal to 30.17 g per 100 g of raw material (89% of the maximum theoretical yield) was achieved after conducting the first step at 150 °C using an acidified water solution (1.96% H2SO4w/w).
Mattia Gelosia; Alessandro Bertini; Marco Barbanera; Tommaso Giannoni; Andrea Nicolini; Franco Cotana; Gianluca Cavalaglio. Acid-Assisted Organosolv Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cynara cardunculus L. for Glucose Production. Energies 2020, 13, 4195 .
AMA StyleMattia Gelosia, Alessandro Bertini, Marco Barbanera, Tommaso Giannoni, Andrea Nicolini, Franco Cotana, Gianluca Cavalaglio. Acid-Assisted Organosolv Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cynara cardunculus L. for Glucose Production. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMattia Gelosia; Alessandro Bertini; Marco Barbanera; Tommaso Giannoni; Andrea Nicolini; Franco Cotana; Gianluca Cavalaglio. 2020. "Acid-Assisted Organosolv Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cynara cardunculus L. for Glucose Production." Energies 13, no. 16: 4195.
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) is a promising crop from which to obtain oilseeds and lignocellulosic biomass. Acid-catalyzed steam explosion is a thermochemical process that can efficiently pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass. The drawback is the production of a high number of carbohydrate degradation products in the liquid fraction that could inhibit microbial growth. In this work, the lignocellulosic biomass of cardoon, gathered from a dedicated field, were used as the raw material for the production of fermentable monosaccharides by employing acid-catalyzed steam explosion. The raw material was pre-soaked with a dilute 1% (w/w) sulfuric acid solution and then subjected to steam explosion under three different severity conditions. The recovered slurry was separated into solid and liquid fractions, which were individually characterized to determine total carbohydrate and inhibitor concentrations. The slurry and the washed solid fraction underwent enzymatic hydrolysis to release glucose and pentose monosaccharides. By conducting the pre-treatment at 175 °C for 35 min and hydrolyzing the obtained slurry, a yield of 33.17 g of monosaccharides/100 g of cardoon was achieved. At the same conditions, 4.39 g of inhibitors/100 g of cardoon were produced.
Alessandro Bertini; Mattia Gelosia; Gianluca Cavalaglio; Marco Barbanera; Tommaso Giannoni; Giorgia Tasselli; Andrea Nicolini; Franco Cotana. Production of Carbohydrates from Cardoon Pre-Treated by Acid-Catalyzed Steam Explosion and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Energies 2019, 12, 4288 .
AMA StyleAlessandro Bertini, Mattia Gelosia, Gianluca Cavalaglio, Marco Barbanera, Tommaso Giannoni, Giorgia Tasselli, Andrea Nicolini, Franco Cotana. Production of Carbohydrates from Cardoon Pre-Treated by Acid-Catalyzed Steam Explosion and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Energies. 2019; 12 (22):4288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Bertini; Mattia Gelosia; Gianluca Cavalaglio; Marco Barbanera; Tommaso Giannoni; Giorgia Tasselli; Andrea Nicolini; Franco Cotana. 2019. "Production of Carbohydrates from Cardoon Pre-Treated by Acid-Catalyzed Steam Explosion and Enzymatic Hydrolysis." Energies 12, no. 22: 4288.
Gold‐incorporated SBA‐15 catalyst was prepared by a solvent‐free ball milling approach. The catalyst showed high reactivity and selectivity in the reduction of a variety of nitroarenes to anilines operating in absolute EtOH using NaBH4 as reducing agent. The catalyst was reused in batch conditions over 5 consecutive runs without detecting any losses of activity and selectivity. Considering the high chemical stability and reusability of the catalytic system, a continuous flow protocol was also investigated and defined in order to minimize the production of waste associated to the process and optimize the continuous reuse of the catalyst. Benefits of flow conditions were proven by TON values that increased from 47.5 to 1902 and also by the minimization of both leaching (9.5 vs 1 ppm) and E‐factor values (8 vs 23 in batch).
Francesco Ferlin; Tommaso Giannoni; Alessio Zuliani; Oriana Piermatti; Rafael Luque; Luigi Vaccaro. Sustainable Protocol for the Reduction of Nitroarenes by Heterogeneous [email protected]‐15 with NaBH 4 under Flow Conditions. ChemSusChem 2019, 12, 3178 -3184.
AMA StyleFrancesco Ferlin, Tommaso Giannoni, Alessio Zuliani, Oriana Piermatti, Rafael Luque, Luigi Vaccaro. Sustainable Protocol for the Reduction of Nitroarenes by Heterogeneous [email protected]‐15 with NaBH 4 under Flow Conditions. ChemSusChem. 2019; 12 (13):3178-3184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Ferlin; Tommaso Giannoni; Alessio Zuliani; Oriana Piermatti; Rafael Luque; Luigi Vaccaro. 2019. "Sustainable Protocol for the Reduction of Nitroarenes by Heterogeneous [email protected]‐15 with NaBH 4 under Flow Conditions." ChemSusChem 12, no. 13: 3178-3184.
Zirconium phosphate glycine diphosphonate nanosheets (ZPGly) have been used as support for the preparation of solid palladium nanoparticles, namely [email protected] Thanks to the presence of carboxy-aminophosponate groups on the layer surface, ZPGly-based materials were able to stabilize a high amount of palladium (up to 22 wt %) also minimizing the amount of metal leached in the final products of representative important cross-coupling processes selected for proving the catalysts’ efficiency. The catalytic systems have been fully characterized and used in low amounts (0.1 mol %) in the Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck cross-couplings. Moreover, the protocols were optimized for the use of recoverable azeotropic mixtures (aq. EtOH 96% or aq. CH3CN 84%, respectively) and in the flow procedure allowing one to isolate the final pure products, without any purification step, with very low residual palladium content and with a very low waste production.
Vadym Kozell; Tommaso Giannoni; Morena Nocchetti; Riccardo Vivani; Oriana Piermatti; Luigi Vaccaro. Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Zirconium Carboxy-Aminophosphonates Nanosheets as an Efficient Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck Coupling. Catalysts 2017, 7, 186 .
AMA StyleVadym Kozell, Tommaso Giannoni, Morena Nocchetti, Riccardo Vivani, Oriana Piermatti, Luigi Vaccaro. Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Zirconium Carboxy-Aminophosphonates Nanosheets as an Efficient Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck Coupling. Catalysts. 2017; 7 (6):186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVadym Kozell; Tommaso Giannoni; Morena Nocchetti; Riccardo Vivani; Oriana Piermatti; Luigi Vaccaro. 2017. "Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Zirconium Carboxy-Aminophosphonates Nanosheets as an Efficient Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck Coupling." Catalysts 7, no. 6: 186.