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Bubble coalescence and breakup play important roles in physical-chemical processes and bubbles are treated in two groups in the interfacial area transport equation (IATE). This paper presents a review of IATE for bubble coalescence and breakup to model five bubble interaction mechanisms: bubble coalescence due to random collision, bubble coalescence due to wake entrainment, bubble breakup due to turbulent impact, bubble breakup due to shearing-off, and bubble breakup due to surface instability. In bubble coalescence, bubble size, velocity and collision frequency are dominant. In bubble breakup, the influence of viscous shear, shearing-off, and surface instability are neglected, and their corresponding theory and modelling are rare in the literature. Furthermore, combining turbulent kinetic energy and inertial force together is the best choice for the bubble breakup criterion. The reviewed one-group constitutive models include the one developed by Wu et al., Ishii and Kim, Hibiki and Ishii, Yao and Morel, and Nguyen et al. To extend the IATE prediction capability beyond bubbly flow, two-group IATE is needed and its performance is strongly dependent on the channel size and geometry. Therefore, constitutive models for two-group IATE in a three-type channel (i.e., narrow confined channel, round pipe and relatively larger pipe) are summarized. Although great progress in extending the IATE beyond churn-turbulent flow to churn-annual flow was made, there are still some issues in their modelling and experiments due to the highly distorted interface measurement. Regarded as the challenges to be addressed in the further study, some limitations of IATE general applicability and the directions for future development are highlighted.
Huiting Chen; Shiyu Wei; Weitian Ding; Han Wei; Liang Li; Henrik Saxén; Hongming Long; Yaowei Yu. Interfacial Area Transport Equation for Bubble Coalescence and Breakup: Developments and Comparisons. Entropy 2021, 23, 1106 .
AMA StyleHuiting Chen, Shiyu Wei, Weitian Ding, Han Wei, Liang Li, Henrik Saxén, Hongming Long, Yaowei Yu. Interfacial Area Transport Equation for Bubble Coalescence and Breakup: Developments and Comparisons. Entropy. 2021; 23 (9):1106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuiting Chen; Shiyu Wei; Weitian Ding; Han Wei; Liang Li; Henrik Saxén; Hongming Long; Yaowei Yu. 2021. "Interfacial Area Transport Equation for Bubble Coalescence and Breakup: Developments and Comparisons." Entropy 23, no. 9: 1106.
Highly reactive iron coke hot briquette (ICHB) prepared by carbonizing the agglomerate of iron-bearing substance and blended coals is regarded as an alternative fuel to mitigate carbon emission and energy consumption of blast furnace. Simultaneously, the reduction process of iron-bearing burden is extremely crucial for blast furnace smelting. The effects of ICHB on the non-isothermal reduction process of iron-bearing burden with different reduction properties were thus experimentally studied under the conditions of simulated blast furnace lump zone (below 1100 °C), and the related mechanism was discussed and analyzed. The results showed that the non-isothermal reduction process of iron-bearing burden is promoted by adding ICHB. As the charging ratio of ICHB is increased from 0% to 30%, the reduction degree of pellet is increased from 22.91% to 36.62%, but the increased amplitude is leveled off. Furthermore, the reduction degree of sinter is raised from 35.10% to 93.33%. It is also indicated that the promotion effect of ICHB on the non-isothermal reduction of iron-bearing burden depends on the reduction property of burden. Compared with the burden with poor reduction performance (such as pellet 1), the promotion is more significant for the burden with good reduction property (such as sinter 1) since the reduction reaction of iron oxide in iron-bearing burden and the gasification of carbon in ICHB are remarkably reinforced each other. The practical application of ICHB in blast furnace should be utilized with highly reductive iron-bearing burden.
Hong-Tao Wang; Man-Sheng Chu; Ji-Wei Bao; Zheng-Gen Liu; Hong-Ming Long. Non-isothermal reduction process analysis of iron-bearing burden with charging iron coke hot briquette under simulated blast furnace conditions. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StyleHong-Tao Wang, Man-Sheng Chu, Ji-Wei Bao, Zheng-Gen Liu, Hong-Ming Long. Non-isothermal reduction process analysis of iron-bearing burden with charging iron coke hot briquette under simulated blast furnace conditions. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong-Tao Wang; Man-Sheng Chu; Ji-Wei Bao; Zheng-Gen Liu; Hong-Ming Long. 2021. "Non-isothermal reduction process analysis of iron-bearing burden with charging iron coke hot briquette under simulated blast furnace conditions." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International , no. : 1-10.
The effect of gangue compositions and the basicity (CaO/SiO2) on the RSI (reduction swelling index) of hematite briquettes was investigated using pure reagent briquettes. The results show that CaO can increase the RSI of the fired briquettes, while the MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2 can decrease the RSI of the fired briquettes. The RSI is related to the porosity and the mineral phases of the fired briquettes, and the morphology of metallic iron in the reduction process. The fired briquettes containing CaO present a higher porosity than that of the other briquettes, which is beneficial to increase the reduction reaction rate and promote the formation of metallic iron whiskers. With the increase of the porosity of briquettes, the RSI of briquettes increases.
Ping Wang; Mengbo Dai; Tiejun Chun; Hongming Long; Jun Wei. Influence of the Gangue Compositions on the Reduction Swelling Index of Hematite Briquettes. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 2021, 1 -12.
AMA StylePing Wang, Mengbo Dai, Tiejun Chun, Hongming Long, Jun Wei. Influence of the Gangue Compositions on the Reduction Swelling Index of Hematite Briquettes. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2021; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StylePing Wang; Mengbo Dai; Tiejun Chun; Hongming Long; Jun Wei. 2021. "Influence of the Gangue Compositions on the Reduction Swelling Index of Hematite Briquettes." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A , no. : 1-12.
The low-temperature wet oxidation behavior of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas in ammonium citrate solution was investigated for efficiently utilizing the low-quality desulfurization ash. The effects of the ammonium citrate concentration, oxidation temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and oxidation time on the wet oxidation behavior of desulfurization ash were studied. Simultaneously, the oxidation mechanism of desulfurization ash was revealed by means of X-ray diffraction, Zeta electric resistance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Under the optimal conditions with ammonium citrate, the oxidation ratio of CaSO3 was up to the maximum value (98.49%), while that of CaSO3 was only 8.92% without ammonium citrate. Zeta electric resistance and XPS results indicate that the dissolution process of CaSO3 could be significantly promoted by complexation derived from the ammonium citrate hydrolysis. As a result, the oxidation process of CaSO3 was transformed from particle oxidation to SO 2−3 ion oxidation, realizing the rapid transformation of desulfurization ash from CaSO3 to CaSO4 at low temperature. It provides a reference for the application of semi-dry desulfurization ash and contributes to sustainable management for semi-dry desulfurization ash.
Yi-Fan Wang; Yu-Dong Zhang; Hong-Ming Long; Li-Xin Qian; Yun-Fei Luo; Ru-Fei Wei. Low-temperature oxidation behavior and mechanism of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021, 1 -7.
AMA StyleYi-Fan Wang, Yu-Dong Zhang, Hong-Ming Long, Li-Xin Qian, Yun-Fei Luo, Ru-Fei Wei. Low-temperature oxidation behavior and mechanism of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2021; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi-Fan Wang; Yu-Dong Zhang; Hong-Ming Long; Li-Xin Qian; Yun-Fei Luo; Ru-Fei Wei. 2021. "Low-temperature oxidation behavior and mechanism of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International , no. : 1-7.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans and dioxins (PCDD/Fs) that pose a great threat to human health are commonly found during the incineration of municipal solid waste. In this study, industrial urea was injected into a commercial MSW incinerator flue gas to evaluate the suppression performances of PCDD/Fs, and the possible inhibition mechanisms were proposed. The results show that the use of urea dramatically reduced the PCDD/Fs emission concentration from 8.87 to 0.63 ng/Nm3, along with a significant decrease in the I-TEQ value (0.26 → 0.047 ng I-TEQ/Nm3), below the Chinese national standard of 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3. The emission reduction cost of the industrial urea was over 41 % lower than that of using activated carbon. Urea molecule poisoned the metal ions, thus seriously inhibiting the de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs. Furthermore, the decomposition products of urea reduced the concentration of HCl in the flue gas, thereby reducing the formation of Cl2 and hindering the chlorination reaction, which was identified from the reduction of chlorination degree and lower distribution of high-chlorinated PCDD/Fs. This research provided some practice basis and experience to reduce the emission of PCDD/Fs from municipal solid waste incineration for future commercial promotion and application.
Lixin Qian; Yifan Wang; Mingliang Liu; Yulin Hu; Tiejun Chun; Qingmin Meng; Hongming Long; Ya Wang. Performance evaluation of urea injection on the emission reduction of dioxins and furans in a commercial municipal solid waste incinerator. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020, 146, 577 -585.
AMA StyleLixin Qian, Yifan Wang, Mingliang Liu, Yulin Hu, Tiejun Chun, Qingmin Meng, Hongming Long, Ya Wang. Performance evaluation of urea injection on the emission reduction of dioxins and furans in a commercial municipal solid waste incinerator. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2020; 146 ():577-585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLixin Qian; Yifan Wang; Mingliang Liu; Yulin Hu; Tiejun Chun; Qingmin Meng; Hongming Long; Ya Wang. 2020. "Performance evaluation of urea injection on the emission reduction of dioxins and furans in a commercial municipal solid waste incinerator." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 146, no. : 577-585.
Pyrolysis is a very potential sludge treatment technology that is low-cost and environmentally friendly; particularly, the pyrolysis sewage sludge char (SC) can be used as a catalyst support. To improve the NO conversion efficiency of sludge char based catalysts, they were activated by potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, respectively. The catalysts of activated sludge char with or without Mn-Ce impregnation in the application of NO removal by low-temperature SCR were investigated. The higher NO conversion efficiency of sludge char based Mn-Ce catalysts at low temperature were obtained. Compared with the 59% NO conversion efficiency of Mn-Ce/SC catalyst, the conversion efficiency of catalyst supported on KOH activated char (SCK) achieved 89% at 220 °C and of catalyst supported on H3PO4 activated char (SCP) reached 87% at 240 °C. The catalysts were analytically characterized using N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, FTIR, NH3-TPD and XPS measurements. The higher specific area, excellent dispersion of Mn-CeOx and more Brønsted acid sites are responsible for the higher NO conversion efficiency of Mn-Ce/SCK, while the higher NO conversion efficiency of Mn-Ce/SCP is enhanced by more Brønsted acid sites, oxygen-containing and some unique phosphorus-containing oxygen functional groups. It indicates that sludge char activated by KOH and H3PO4 is a potential low-temperature catalyst support.
Junchao Xu; Xiangyang Zhang; Yunlan Sun; Hongming Long; Zhimin Zheng. Improvement of low-temperature NH3-SCR catalytic activity over Mn-Ce oxide catalysts supported on sewage sludge char activated with KOH and H3PO4. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020, 37, 2152 -2160.
AMA StyleJunchao Xu, Xiangyang Zhang, Yunlan Sun, Hongming Long, Zhimin Zheng. Improvement of low-temperature NH3-SCR catalytic activity over Mn-Ce oxide catalysts supported on sewage sludge char activated with KOH and H3PO4. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2020; 37 (12):2152-2160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunchao Xu; Xiangyang Zhang; Yunlan Sun; Hongming Long; Zhimin Zheng. 2020. "Improvement of low-temperature NH3-SCR catalytic activity over Mn-Ce oxide catalysts supported on sewage sludge char activated with KOH and H3PO4." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 37, no. 12: 2152-2160.
Heterogeneous condensation events play an important role in the atmospheric environment and pre-technique for fine particle removal. In present work, superhydrophobic/particle surfaces were prepared and applied to achieve the direct observation of heterogeneous condensation on uniform particle's surface by an environmental scanning electronic microscope (ESEM). It indicates that heterogeneous condensation site on a single particle is randomly distributed. However, when the particles are connected together, heterogeneous condensation always occurs at the interface of particles. It shows that the interface between particles is favorable for nucleation process. This is because the Gibbs free energy barrier of critical cluster formed at the particle interface is smaller than that at other sites. Basing on the experimental and critical free energy calculation results, the evolution of heterogeneous condensation on particles is inferred. It shows that the initial stage and critical supersaturation of heterogeneous condensation on two or more particles are the same.
Junchao Xu; Jun Zhang; Hongming Long. Direct observation of heterogeneous condensation on micron particles with uniform surface. Powder Technology 2020, 376, 199 -208.
AMA StyleJunchao Xu, Jun Zhang, Hongming Long. Direct observation of heterogeneous condensation on micron particles with uniform surface. Powder Technology. 2020; 376 ():199-208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunchao Xu; Jun Zhang; Hongming Long. 2020. "Direct observation of heterogeneous condensation on micron particles with uniform surface." Powder Technology 376, no. : 199-208.
A new concept of electric arc furnaces (EAFs) dust removal by heterogeneous condensation with waste heat recovery system is proposed. The results suggest that the higher CO2 content in EAFs flue gas is helpful for supersaturated environment establishment and EAFs fine particles can be successfully enlarged. Three factors that affected the performance of the EAFs particle growth by heterogeneous condensation are identified: supersaturation, particle concentration and residence time. Especially, larger particle concentration aggravates the adverse effect of shortening residence time on the growth of fine particles. In order to enhance the enlargement performance of fine particles, surfactant was added into the water, the results suggest that the small particle (<1 μm) enlargement is highly improved when the addition concentration is bigger than 10 g/L. The results of this work demonstrate that heterogeneous condensation with waste heat recovery system could be a potential technology for EAFs fine particles removal.
Junchao Xu; Huaying Zhao; Yunlan Sun; Hongming Long; Zhimin Zheng. Heterogeneous condensation for electric arc furnaces fine particles removal. Powder Technology 2020, 374, 323 -329.
AMA StyleJunchao Xu, Huaying Zhao, Yunlan Sun, Hongming Long, Zhimin Zheng. Heterogeneous condensation for electric arc furnaces fine particles removal. Powder Technology. 2020; 374 ():323-329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunchao Xu; Huaying Zhao; Yunlan Sun; Hongming Long; Zhimin Zheng. 2020. "Heterogeneous condensation for electric arc furnaces fine particles removal." Powder Technology 374, no. : 323-329.
Reduction of iron oxide by biomass (a renewable energy) instead of fossil energy can greatly reduce greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide) emissions. In this work, the reduction characteristics and kinetics of iron oxide by lignin (a main component of biomass) were studied, aiming at efficient utilization of lignin as a renewable and highly reactive carbon substitute for coal. The reduction temperature range of iron oxide by lignin was found to be mainly 750–900 °C. It was also observed that the presence of iron could catalyze the pyrolysis of lignin, while the pyrolysis products of lignin promoted the reduction of iron oxide. An increase in the lignin-to-iron oxide mass ratio lowered the temperature at the maximum mass-loss rate determined by TGA. The activation energy varied, increasing first and then decreasing, while increasing the reaction fraction (α), with the turning point at α = 0.4. Compared with CO and coal, lignin appeared to be superior for reducing iron oxide, owing to the formation of nanometer-thickness carbon film in the process. The temperature at the maximum reduction rate was 134 °C for lignin, much lower than that of coal.
Rufei Wei; Dongwen Xiang; Hongming Long; Chunbao (Charles) Xu; Jiaxin Li. Reduction of iron oxide by lignin: Characteristics, kinetics and superiority. Energy 2020, 197, 117203 .
AMA StyleRufei Wei, Dongwen Xiang, Hongming Long, Chunbao (Charles) Xu, Jiaxin Li. Reduction of iron oxide by lignin: Characteristics, kinetics and superiority. Energy. 2020; 197 ():117203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRufei Wei; Dongwen Xiang; Hongming Long; Chunbao (Charles) Xu; Jiaxin Li. 2020. "Reduction of iron oxide by lignin: Characteristics, kinetics and superiority." Energy 197, no. : 117203.
Highly reactive iron coke hot briquette (ICHB) made by co-carbonizing the agglomerate of iron ore concentrate and blended coals is considered to be an alternative fuel to reduce carbon emission in a blast furnace through decreasing the temperature of the thermal reserve zone. The reduction process of iron-bearing burden is greatly significant for the smelting and smooth operation of blast furnace. In this study, the effects of ICHB on the reduction process of pellet were experimentally investigated under simulated conditions within a blast furnace, and the interaction mechanism between the gasification of ICHB and the reduction of pellet was revealed. The results showed that the reduction degree of pellet with mixing charging 10% ICHB is increased by 6.48% in comparison to that without adding ICHB and conventional coke. Furthermore, with increasing the temperature from 900 °C to 1100 °C, the reduction degree of pellet without adding ICHB is increased from 20.20% to 32.45%, while it is remarkably improved from 20.93% to 40.14% under the condition of mixed charging 10% ICHB. Moreover, with increasing the mixed ratio of ICHB from zero to 30%, the reduction degree of pellet evidently is accelerated from 23.69% to 33.72%, but the improvement in the reduction degree of pellet is levelled off as the charging ratio of ICHB is more than 20%, suggesting that the promotion has a limitation. The interaction mechanism is indicated that the gasification of ICHB and the reduction of pellet are mutually promoted through increasing the reducing potential in local region during the reaction process.
Hongtao Wang; Mansheng Chu; Jiwei Bao; Zhenggen Liu; Jue Tang; Hongming Long. Experimental study on impact of iron coke hot briquette as an alternative fuel on isothermal reduction of pellets under simulated blast furnace conditions. Fuel 2020, 268, 117339 .
AMA StyleHongtao Wang, Mansheng Chu, Jiwei Bao, Zhenggen Liu, Jue Tang, Hongming Long. Experimental study on impact of iron coke hot briquette as an alternative fuel on isothermal reduction of pellets under simulated blast furnace conditions. Fuel. 2020; 268 ():117339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongtao Wang; Mansheng Chu; Jiwei Bao; Zhenggen Liu; Jue Tang; Hongming Long. 2020. "Experimental study on impact of iron coke hot briquette as an alternative fuel on isothermal reduction of pellets under simulated blast furnace conditions." Fuel 268, no. : 117339.
A series of supported CeO2/TiO2 catalysts were prepared to explore the influence of CeO2 loading on these catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3-SCR). The catalysts were investigated in detail by means of XRD, Raman, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, XPS, in situ DRIFTS, and NH3-SCR reaction. The activity of the catalyst is closely related to the content of CeO2. When the loading of CeO2 is near the dispersion capacity (1.16 mmol Ce4+/100 m2 TiO2), the catalytic activity is better. This may be because that the dispersed CeO2 is the active species and the catalyst has appropriate redox property, along with the larger amounts of surface Ce content and surface adsorbed oxygen species. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism via the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism is tentatively proposed to further understand the NH3-SCR reaction.
Hongliang Zhang; Long Ding; Hongming Long; Jiaxin Li; Wei Tan; Jiawei Ji; Jingfang Sun; Changjin Tang; Lin Dong. Influence of CeO2 loading on structure and catalytic activity for NH3-SCR over TiO2-supported CeO2. Journal of Rare Earths 2020, 38, 883 -890.
AMA StyleHongliang Zhang, Long Ding, Hongming Long, Jiaxin Li, Wei Tan, Jiawei Ji, Jingfang Sun, Changjin Tang, Lin Dong. Influence of CeO2 loading on structure and catalytic activity for NH3-SCR over TiO2-supported CeO2. Journal of Rare Earths. 2020; 38 (8):883-890.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongliang Zhang; Long Ding; Hongming Long; Jiaxin Li; Wei Tan; Jiawei Ji; Jingfang Sun; Changjin Tang; Lin Dong. 2020. "Influence of CeO2 loading on structure and catalytic activity for NH3-SCR over TiO2-supported CeO2." Journal of Rare Earths 38, no. 8: 883-890.
Ce-V-Ti and Ce-V-Ti/GO catalysts synthesized by the sol-gel method were used for the catalytic combustion of dioxins at a low temperature under simulating sintering flue gas in this paper. The catalytic mechanism of Ce-V-Ti catalysts modified with graphene oxides (GO) at a low temperature was revealed through X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). During the tests, chlorobenzene (CB) was used as a model reagent since the dioxins are poisonous. The results showed that introducing GO to Ce-V-Ti catalysts can improve the specific surface area and promote the CB adsorption on the surface of catalysts. Simultaneously, the Ce-V-Ti with 0.7 wt % GO support showed the high activity with the conversion of 60% at 100 °C and 80% at 150 °C. The adsorb ability of catalysts is strengthened by the electron interaction between GO and CB through π-π bond. In the case of Ce-V-Ti catalysts, Ce played a major catalytic role and V acted as a co-catalytic composition. After GO modification, the concentration of Ce3+ and V4+ were enlarged. The synergy between Ce3+ and V3+ played the critical role on the low-temperature performance of catalysts under sintering flue gas.
Qi Shi; Long Ding; Hong-Ming Long; Tie-Jun Chun; Ding Long. Study of Catalytic Combustion of Dioxins on Ce-V-Ti Catalysts Modified by Graphene Oxide in Simulating Iron Ore Sintering Flue Gas. Materials 2019, 13, 125 .
AMA StyleQi Shi, Long Ding, Hong-Ming Long, Tie-Jun Chun, Ding Long. Study of Catalytic Combustion of Dioxins on Ce-V-Ti Catalysts Modified by Graphene Oxide in Simulating Iron Ore Sintering Flue Gas. Materials. 2019; 13 (1):125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi Shi; Long Ding; Hong-Ming Long; Tie-Jun Chun; Ding Long. 2019. "Study of Catalytic Combustion of Dioxins on Ce-V-Ti Catalysts Modified by Graphene Oxide in Simulating Iron Ore Sintering Flue Gas." Materials 13, no. 1: 125.
The high-temperature characteristics of iron ores play important roles in optimizing ore proportion of sintering, which are tested by using iron-ore fines and analytical reagent CaO as raw materials. Two calculation methods of CaO addition amount based on binary basicity (basicity method) and n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO) (mole ratio method), respectively, were employed to evaluate the liquid phase fluidity (LPF) and the capability of calcium ferrite formation (CCFF) of iron ores. The results show that the rule of LPF of iron ores under the mole ratio method is different from that with basicity method. The LPF measured by basicity method has a linear positive correlation with the SiO2 content, and there is no linear relationship between LPF and Al2O3 content or mass loss on ignition, which are inconsistent with the results of the previous study. And the results of CCFF with low SiO2 content (< 3 wt.%) or high SiO2 content (> 7 wt.%) based on basicity method cannot reflect the true CCFF. The mole ratio method could successfully solve this problem by reducing the effect of CaO addition amount changes caused by SiO2 content of iron ores.
Zheng-Wei Yu; Li-Xin Qian; Hong-Ming Long; Yi-Fan Wang; Qing-Min Meng; Tie-Jun Chun. Determination method of high-temperature characteristics of iron-ore sintering based on n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO). Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019, 26, 1257 -1264.
AMA StyleZheng-Wei Yu, Li-Xin Qian, Hong-Ming Long, Yi-Fan Wang, Qing-Min Meng, Tie-Jun Chun. Determination method of high-temperature characteristics of iron-ore sintering based on n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO). Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2019; 26 (12):1257-1264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng-Wei Yu; Li-Xin Qian; Hong-Ming Long; Yi-Fan Wang; Qing-Min Meng; Tie-Jun Chun. 2019. "Determination method of high-temperature characteristics of iron-ore sintering based on n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO)." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 26, no. 12: 1257-1264.
The influence of gangue compositions (mainly composed of SiO2, CaO, MgO and Al2O3) on the reduction kinetics of carbon-bearing iron ore pellets was estimated at 1373–1473 K in N2 atmosphere. The results showed that gangue content and each component distribution affected the pellets reduction process. The reduction rate was found to follow a linear correlation with quaternary basicity R4 [mass ratio of (CaO + MgO) to (SiO2 + Al2O3)] of the carbon-bearing iron ore pellets; also, the content of SiO2 solid solution in iron oxide had a significant impact on the reduction rate. At the same reduction temperature, a higher R4 resulted in a lower SiO2 free content, weakening its inhibitory effect on the Boudouard reaction. The reduction temperature of Fe2SiO4 could be reduced by increasing the contents of CaO and MgO, improving the iron oxide reduction as well as the precipitation and growth of the iron grains. The gangue content and component distribution showed no effect on the rate-controlling step of the reduction; however, the apparent activation energy of reaction decreased with increasing quaternary basicity. When R4 increased from 0.15 to 0.67, the apparent activation energy decreased from 228.51 to 193.66 kJ/mol.
Qing-Min Meng; Jia-Xin Li; Ru-Fei Wei; Hong-Ming Long; Tie-Jun Chun; Ping Wang; Zhan-Xia Di; Luana Dessbesell; Chunbao Xu. Effects of gangue compositions on reduction process of carbon-bearing iron ore pellets. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018, 25, 1105 -1112.
AMA StyleQing-Min Meng, Jia-Xin Li, Ru-Fei Wei, Hong-Ming Long, Tie-Jun Chun, Ping Wang, Zhan-Xia Di, Luana Dessbesell, Chunbao Xu. Effects of gangue compositions on reduction process of carbon-bearing iron ore pellets. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2018; 25 (11):1105-1112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQing-Min Meng; Jia-Xin Li; Ru-Fei Wei; Hong-Ming Long; Tie-Jun Chun; Ping Wang; Zhan-Xia Di; Luana Dessbesell; Chunbao Xu. 2018. "Effects of gangue compositions on reduction process of carbon-bearing iron ore pellets." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 25, no. 11: 1105-1112.
Lixin Qian; Tiejun Chun; Hongming Long; Jiaxin Li; Zhanxia Di; Qingmin Meng; Ping Wang. Emission reduction research and development of PCDD/Fs in the iron ore sintering. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2018, 117, 82 -91.
AMA StyleLixin Qian, Tiejun Chun, Hongming Long, Jiaxin Li, Zhanxia Di, Qingmin Meng, Ping Wang. Emission reduction research and development of PCDD/Fs in the iron ore sintering. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2018; 117 ():82-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLixin Qian; Tiejun Chun; Hongming Long; Jiaxin Li; Zhanxia Di; Qingmin Meng; Ping Wang. 2018. "Emission reduction research and development of PCDD/Fs in the iron ore sintering." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 117, no. : 82-91.
The emission of dioxins from the iron ore sintering process is the largest emission source of dioxins, and the reduction in dioxin emission from the iron ore sintering process to the environment is increasingly important. Three approaches to control the emission of dioxins were reviewed: source control, process control, and terminal control. Among them, two terminal control technologies, activated carbon adsorption and selective reduction technology, were discussed in detail. Following a comparison of the reduction technologies, the terminal control method was indicated as the key technology to achieve good control of dioxins during the sintering process. For the technical characteristics of the sintering process and flue gas, multiple methods should be collectively considered, and the most suitable method may be addition of inhibitors + ultra-clean dust collection (electrostatic precipitation/bag filter) + desulphurization + selective catalytic reduction to sufficiently remove multiple pollutants, which provides a direction for the cooperative disposal of flue gas pollutants in future.
Hong-Ming Long; Qi Shi; Hong-Liang Zhang; Ru-Fei Wei; Tie-Jun Chun; Jia-Xin Li. Application status and comparison of dioxin removal technologies for iron ore sintering process. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018, 25, 357 -365.
AMA StyleHong-Ming Long, Qi Shi, Hong-Liang Zhang, Ru-Fei Wei, Tie-Jun Chun, Jia-Xin Li. Application status and comparison of dioxin removal technologies for iron ore sintering process. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2018; 25 (4):357-365.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong-Ming Long; Qi Shi; Hong-Liang Zhang; Ru-Fei Wei; Tie-Jun Chun; Jia-Xin Li. 2018. "Application status and comparison of dioxin removal technologies for iron ore sintering process." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 25, no. 4: 357-365.
Inclusions with sizes less than 1 μm in molten steel are difficult to float up to the molten steel and slag interface owing to their slow terminal velocity. Thus, increasing the size of inclusion is essential for accelerating the removal of inclusions. Polystyrene particles simulating inclusions in molten steel were quantified by direct observation of the particle collision behavior in a turbulent flow in a water model. The box-counting fractal dimension of particles was calculated by processing the binary images of aggregated particles. The fractal dimension of the outer contours of the single plastic particles was smaller than that of the aggregated particles. The fractal dimension was varied from 1.14 to 1.35. When two or more monomer particles collide, the aggregates are separated more easily, as the temperature increases from 40 to 80 °C. The aggregated particles were loose and easy to separate in the high-temperature aqueous solution. The effect of temperature on the surface tension of liquid and the interfacial tension of solid and liquid is obvious. The particles are wetting in the water solution at a temperature more than 60 °C. The relationship between the velocity of the particles and the fractal dimension of the solid particles with the equivalent diameter was discussed.
Qiang Yue; Zeng Hu; Zhao-Yang Wu; Hong-Ming Long; Qing-Min Meng. Visualization of collision and aggregation behavior of particles simulating movement of inclusions in molten steel. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018, 25, 173 -180.
AMA StyleQiang Yue, Zeng Hu, Zhao-Yang Wu, Hong-Ming Long, Qing-Min Meng. Visualization of collision and aggregation behavior of particles simulating movement of inclusions in molten steel. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2018; 25 (2):173-180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Yue; Zeng Hu; Zhao-Yang Wu; Hong-Ming Long; Qing-Min Meng. 2018. "Visualization of collision and aggregation behavior of particles simulating movement of inclusions in molten steel." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 25, no. 2: 173-180.
To solve the problem that the sintered liquid phase fluidity characteristic of low silica (w(SiO2) < 3 wt%) and high silica (w(SiO2) > 7 wt%)) iron ores were different from actual sintering production with using the common method based on w(CaO)/w(SiO2), a new improved method based on n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO) was proposed. The differences between two methods for iron ore fluidity detection were studied. The results show that when the common method is used to detect the liquid phase fluidity, as the content of SiO2 increased from 2.12 to 11.68 wt%, the amount of CaO addition augmented from 7.88 to 32.65 wt% and the corresponding fluidity index changed from 0 to 5.68. The fluidity index has a linearly positive correlation with the content of SiO2. The improved method could significantly reduce the effect of the change of CaO addition on the fluidity characteristic of iron ore which caused by the difference of SiO2.
Lixin Qian; Tiejun Chun; Zhengwei Yu; Huan Wang; Yifan Wang; Hongming Long. Effect of Calculation Method of CaO Addition on Liquid Phase Fluidity. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago 2018, 439 -446.
AMA StyleLixin Qian, Tiejun Chun, Zhengwei Yu, Huan Wang, Yifan Wang, Hongming Long. Effect of Calculation Method of CaO Addition on Liquid Phase Fluidity. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago. 2018; ():439-446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLixin Qian; Tiejun Chun; Zhengwei Yu; Huan Wang; Yifan Wang; Hongming Long. 2018. "Effect of Calculation Method of CaO Addition on Liquid Phase Fluidity." Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago , no. : 439-446.
Iron ore sintering is an essential process in modern iron and steel production. It has the largest emission of the PM (particulate matter) in the iron and steel industry, accounting for about 40% of the total emission. The physical and chemical properties of PM10 and PM2.5 in the iron ore sintering were introduced, and the research development of PM emission reduction was also summarized. The potential future development of PM emission reduction by chemical agglomeration and capture in the iron ore sintering process was also carried out. The interface chemistry relationships between PM and polymer, such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylamide (PAM), in agglomerates were also investigated in this paper. It is significant to reveal the characteristics of PM and develop the emission reduction technology of PM for the cleaner production of iron ore sintering.
Tie-Jun Chun; Dong-Sheng Li; Chao Ning; Zhen Wang; Hong-Ming Long. Characteristics and Control Technology of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) in Iron Ore Sintering. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago 2018, 43 -51.
AMA StyleTie-Jun Chun, Dong-Sheng Li, Chao Ning, Zhen Wang, Hong-Ming Long. Characteristics and Control Technology of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) in Iron Ore Sintering. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago. 2018; ():43-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTie-Jun Chun; Dong-Sheng Li; Chao Ning; Zhen Wang; Hong-Ming Long. 2018. "Characteristics and Control Technology of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) in Iron Ore Sintering." Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago , no. : 43-51.
The basic characteristics of iron ore, including assimilation, fluidity, cohesive phase strength and the ability to produce calcium ferrite, are often used to evaluate the sintering properties of iron ore and guide the optimization of iron ore blending. Six kinds of common iron ore used in a steel company in China were selected in this work. The basic characteristics of the single iron ore and blended iron ores were studied, as well as the difference between weighted averages of basic characteristic index of single iron ores and the real value of basic characteristic index of blended iron ore under different ore blending ratios. The results shew that the liquid phase liquidity, cohesive phase strength and calcium ferrite formation ability had a significant linear positive correlation with SiO2 content. The weighted average of basic characteristic index of single iron ore cannot fully reflect the actual blended iron ore properties. The optimization of the blending ratio can be achieved through the detection of the basic characteristics of the mixed iron ore, combined with the basic characteristics of iron ores.
Ning Li; Jiaxin Li; Hongming Long; Tiejun Chun; Gutian Mu; Zhengwei Yu. Optimization Method for Iron Ore Blending Based on the Sintering Basic Characteristics of Blended Ore. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago 2018, 455 -464.
AMA StyleNing Li, Jiaxin Li, Hongming Long, Tiejun Chun, Gutian Mu, Zhengwei Yu. Optimization Method for Iron Ore Blending Based on the Sintering Basic Characteristics of Blended Ore. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago. 2018; ():455-464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNing Li; Jiaxin Li; Hongming Long; Tiejun Chun; Gutian Mu; Zhengwei Yu. 2018. "Optimization Method for Iron Ore Blending Based on the Sintering Basic Characteristics of Blended Ore." Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago , no. : 455-464.