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The experimentation plant, based on a sub-surface horizontal flow phytodepuration (SSHFP) unit with a pre-treatment by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, proved valuable in treating the sewage of a small rural community located in north Brazil. During a six-month trial, the plant achieved an average removal efficiency of 98.2% (1.74 log removal) for fecal coliforms (FC) and 96.0% (1.40 log removal) for Enterococci (EN), as well as 95.6% for BOD5, 91.0% for COD,00 and 95.4% for suspended solids (SS). The contribution of the UASB reactor to this overall performance was very significant as, alone, it achieved a yield of 62.7% for FC and 60% for EN, in addition to 65.2% for BOD5 and 65.0% for SS. EN was chosen, in addition to FC, because of its higher specificity and strong environmental persistence, leading to an increased risk to human health. In fact, the experimental results confirmed its lower removal efficiency compared to FC. The mechanical and biological mechanisms that led to such a removal efficiency of the two fecal indicators (FIs) are outlined in the article. The same mechanisms led to a good level of equivalence between the removal efficiency of the two FIs with the removal efficiency of SS and BOD5, for both the whole plant and the UASB reactor alone. The research demonstrated the close correlation between the concentrations of EN and FC for the plant effluent. This correlation can be explained by the following mathematical expression of the regression line Log EN = 0.2571 Log FC + 3.5301, with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.912. This implies that the concentration of the more specific indicator EN could be calculated, with acceptable approximation, from the simple analysis of FC and vice versa. The experimental plant brought important health benefits to the local population. In particular, there were no significant odor emissions; moreover, the risk of fecal pathogenic diseases was drastically reduced; finally, there was no proliferation of insects and other disease vectors, due to the absence of stagnant or semi-stagnant water exposed to the atmosphere.
Fabio Conti; Elena Cristina Rada; Paolo Viotti; Massimo Raboni. Removal and Survival of Fecal Indicators in a Constructed Wetland after UASB Pre-Treatment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9302 .
AMA StyleFabio Conti, Elena Cristina Rada, Paolo Viotti, Massimo Raboni. Removal and Survival of Fecal Indicators in a Constructed Wetland after UASB Pre-Treatment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Conti; Elena Cristina Rada; Paolo Viotti; Massimo Raboni. 2021. "Removal and Survival of Fecal Indicators in a Constructed Wetland after UASB Pre-Treatment." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9302.
This research aimed to identify a tool to objectively analyse the performance and the environmental contextualization of sewer systems (SwSs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This procedure performs assessment by calculating performance indices which could be subsequently applied to SwSs and WWTPs with different characteristics. The proposed tool can be applied conveniently over the years by managers of integrated urban water management systems for the analysis of different realities also allowing the evaluation of the effects of upgrades carried out during the management phases. The proposed analysis allows the optimization of SwSs and can profitably guide the choice and the priority among possible interventions for the sewerage infrastructure and WWTPs providing a a verification and evaluation protocol as well as a financial planning tool. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Sara Todeschini; Alessandro Abbà; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Fabio Conti; Giacomo Cillari; Silvia Calatroni; Giuseppe Lumia; Giorgio Bertanza. The performance evaluation of wastewater service: a protocol based on performance indicators applied to sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants. Environmental Technology 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Sara Todeschini, Alessandro Abbà, Paola Ricciardi, Marco Carnevale Miino, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada, Fabio Conti, Giacomo Cillari, Silvia Calatroni, Giuseppe Lumia, Giorgio Bertanza. The performance evaluation of wastewater service: a protocol based on performance indicators applied to sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants. Environmental Technology. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Sara Todeschini; Alessandro Abbà; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Fabio Conti; Giacomo Cillari; Silvia Calatroni; Giuseppe Lumia; Giorgio Bertanza. 2021. "The performance evaluation of wastewater service: a protocol based on performance indicators applied to sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants." Environmental Technology , no. : 1-18.
Among the critical issues that prevent the reuse of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents in a circular economy perspective, the microbiological component plays a key role causing infections and diseases. To date, the use of conventional chemical oxidants (e.g., chlorine) represent the main applied process for wastewater (WW) disinfection following a series of operational advantages. However, toxicity linked to the production of highly dangerous disinfection by-products (DBPs) has been widely demonstrated. Therefore, in recent years, there is an increasing attention to implement sustainable processes, which can simultaneously guarantee the microbiological quality of the WWs treated and the protection of both humans and the environment. This review focuses on treatments based on ultraviolet radiation (UV) alone or in combination with other processes (sonophotolysis, photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis with both natural and artificial light) without the dosage of chemical oxidants. The strengths of these technologies and the most significant critical issues are reported. To date, the use of synthetic waters in laboratory tests despite real waters, the capital and operative costs and the limited, or absent, experience of full-scale plant management (especially for UV-based combined processes) represent the main limits to their application on a larger scale. Although further in-depth studies are required to ensure full applicability of UV-based combined processes in WWTPs for reuse of their purified effluents, excellent prospects are presented thanks to an absent environmental impact in terms of DBPs formation and excellent disinfection yields of microorganisms (in most cases higher than 3-log reduction).
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Sabrina Sorlini. Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 77 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada, Sabrina Sorlini. Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Sabrina Sorlini. 2020. "Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 77.
The biological denitrification process is extensively discussed in scientific literature. The process requires anoxic conditions, but the influence of residual dissolved oxygen (DO) on the efficiency is not yet adequately documented. The present research aims to fill this gap by highlighting the effects of DO on the specific denitrification rate (SDNR) and consequently on the efficiency of the process. SDNR at a temperature of 20 °C (SDNR20°C) is the parameter normally used for the sizing of the denitrification reactor in biological-activated sludge processes. A sensitivity analysis of SNDR20°C to DO variations is developed. For this purpose, two of the main empirical models illustrated in the scientific literature are taken into consideration, with the addition of a deterministic third model proposed by the authors and validated by recent experimentations on several full-scale plants. In the first two models, SDNR20°C is expressed as a function of the only variable food:microrganism ratio in denitrification (F:MDEN), while in the third one, the dependence on DO is made explicit. The sensitivity analysis highlights all the significant dependence of SDNR20°C on DO characterized by a logarithmic decrease with a very pronounced gradient in correspondence with low DO concentrations. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates the relatively small influence of F:MDEN on the SDNR20°C and on the correlation between SDNR20°C and DO. The results confirm the great importance of minimizing DO and limiting, as much as possible, the transport of oxygen in the denitrification reactor through the incoming flows and mainly the mixed liquor recycle. Solutions to achieve this result in full-scale plants are reported.
Massimo Raboni; Paolo Viotti; Elena Cristina Rada; Fabio Conti; Maria Rosaria Boni. The Sensitivity of a Specific Denitrification Rate under the Dissolved Oxygen Pressure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 9366 .
AMA StyleMassimo Raboni, Paolo Viotti, Elena Cristina Rada, Fabio Conti, Maria Rosaria Boni. The Sensitivity of a Specific Denitrification Rate under the Dissolved Oxygen Pressure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (24):9366.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Raboni; Paolo Viotti; Elena Cristina Rada; Fabio Conti; Maria Rosaria Boni. 2020. "The Sensitivity of a Specific Denitrification Rate under the Dissolved Oxygen Pressure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9366.
The concrete industry is a core element of the building sector, but it has to deal with the increasing attention on the environmental issues related to the production process: increasing energy efficiency and the adoption of alternative fuels or raw materials represent the most relevant solutions. The present work analyses physical, mechanical, and environmental performances of concrete incorporating residues derived from four main sources (construction and demolition waste, residues from waste treatment, metallurgical industry by-products, and others), as substitutes of either fine or coarse aggregates. Fine aggregates showed the highest number of alternatives and replacement level, with the relevant impact on concrete properties; coarse aggregates, however, always reach a complete replacement, with the exclusion of glass that highly affects the mechanical performance. Construction and metallurgical industry categories are the main sources of alternative materials for both the components, with ceramic and lead slag reaching a full replacement for fine and coarse aggregates.
Maria Collivignarelli; Giacomo Cillari; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Rada; Alessandro Abbà. The Production of Sustainable Concrete with the Use of Alternative Aggregates: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7903 .
AMA StyleMaria Collivignarelli, Giacomo Cillari, Paola Ricciardi, Marco Miino, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Rada, Alessandro Abbà. The Production of Sustainable Concrete with the Use of Alternative Aggregates: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7903.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Collivignarelli; Giacomo Cillari; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Rada; Alessandro Abbà. 2020. "The Production of Sustainable Concrete with the Use of Alternative Aggregates: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7903.
The management of food waste has been considered an extremely important issue since the 1990s but finding efficient solutions for small and rural communities is still challenging. Anaerobic digestion (AD) may provide interesting opportunities in terms of carbon emissions and economic payback in the long term, but the choice of the correct technology and the spatial scale requires attention. The focus of this study is on a small rural municipality, which is selected as a case study to assess the environmental and economic sustainability of the application of two options for AD (a conventional and an alternative wet process) and two spatial scales (municipality and a consortium of municipalities). Both the AD configurations are examined in terms of biogas exploitation, through a combined heat and power generator, and in combination with a post-composting stage of the digestate. From economic and environmental perspectives, the consortium-scale application of the conventional wet process is expected to generate greater benefits in the long term, as it enables 80% more electric energy production and economic revenues/savings, and avoids carbon emissions. However, before selecting the technology, decision makers should consider the public acceptance of local communities (e.g., the susceptibility to the “not-in-my-backyard” syndrome), as the best technical-economical solution may not be the most appropriate to specific communities. The methodology developed in this paper and the discussion of the results will inform decision makers about how to identify the most appropriate alternative for their purposes.
Luca Adami; Marco Schiavon; Vincenzo Torretta; Luca Costa; Elena Cristina Rada. Evaluation of conventional and alternative anaerobic digestion technologies for applications to small and rural communities. Waste Management 2020, 118, 79 -89.
AMA StyleLuca Adami, Marco Schiavon, Vincenzo Torretta, Luca Costa, Elena Cristina Rada. Evaluation of conventional and alternative anaerobic digestion technologies for applications to small and rural communities. Waste Management. 2020; 118 ():79-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Adami; Marco Schiavon; Vincenzo Torretta; Luca Costa; Elena Cristina Rada. 2020. "Evaluation of conventional and alternative anaerobic digestion technologies for applications to small and rural communities." Waste Management 118, no. : 79-89.
In the last decades, the considerable improvements made on the mitigation of the environmental impacts from waste-to-energy (WtE) plants have let heavy metals emerge as the most concerning pollutants emitted from this sector. Heavy metals include a broad spectrum of compounds with very different toxicological effects on human health. However, in the European Union (EU), the current legislation does not consider the specific health effects of each heavy metal. In fact, with the only exception of mercury, the legislation sets an aggregated emission limit value for cadmium and thallium and an aggregated emission limit value for eight metals including total chromium (Cr). This simplification becomes even more critical when considering that total Cr includes hexavalent Cr (Cr VI), whose cancer potency is higher than other metals by > 2 orders of magnitude. The aim of this paper is to highlight and solve this critical legislation gap, and propose an innovative way to manage the emissions of Cr VI at the stack of waste incinerators. By analyzing the case study of a waste gasifier, the paper demonstrates that Cr VI to total Cr ratios higher than 10% may contribute to more than 95% of the total cancer risk in the nearby territory. In the view of cleaner strategies for energy production and waste management, a Cr VI concentration limit value of 0.005 mg/Nm3 at the stack level could be assumed in a first discussion phase to reduce the potential impacts from WtE plants.
Elena Cristina Rada; Marco Schiavon; Vincenzo Torretta. A regulatory strategy for the emission control of hexavalent chromium from waste-to-energy plants. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 278, 123415 .
AMA StyleElena Cristina Rada, Marco Schiavon, Vincenzo Torretta. A regulatory strategy for the emission control of hexavalent chromium from waste-to-energy plants. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 278 ():123415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Cristina Rada; Marco Schiavon; Vincenzo Torretta. 2020. "A regulatory strategy for the emission control of hexavalent chromium from waste-to-energy plants." Journal of Cleaner Production 278, no. : 123415.
The literature on municipal solid waste in relation to COVID-19 is scarce. Based on the experience of Italy, the present article contributes to the strategies aimed at preventing a second virus outbreak. In fact, the mismanagement of municipal solid waste could undermine the strategies during the ease of the lockdown. During the SARS-COV-2 outbreak in Italy, there was a general decrease in the selective collection rate (−15% in one municipality with a well-developed door-to-door collection system). Delays in the publication of guidelines on waste management impacted on the safety of the operators collecting potentially infected waste. Contrarily to expectations, single-use masks and gloves do not have significant impact on waste management, accounting for <1% of the residual municipal solid waste collected annually. However, the dispersion of abandoned masks and gloves outside indoor environments is creating environmental problems. Recommendations on waste management and the protection of waste operators are discussed. Finally, guidelines on the most appropriate waste treatment are presented and analyzed. The results presented in this article show that the MSW management sector has found useful solutions to tackle COVID-19; however, these solutions are not being shared sufficiently. The case study analyzed in the present work could help define strategies for preventing or controlling similar future epidemics or pandemic episodes.
Marco Ragazzi; Elena Cristina Rada; Marco Schiavon. Municipal solid waste management during the SARS-COV-2 outbreak and lockdown ease: Lessons from Italy. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 745, 141159 -141159.
AMA StyleMarco Ragazzi, Elena Cristina Rada, Marco Schiavon. Municipal solid waste management during the SARS-COV-2 outbreak and lockdown ease: Lessons from Italy. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 745 ():141159-141159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Ragazzi; Elena Cristina Rada; Marco Schiavon. 2020. "Municipal solid waste management during the SARS-COV-2 outbreak and lockdown ease: Lessons from Italy." Science of The Total Environment 745, no. : 141159-141159.
The optimization of municipal solid waste management requires the re-organization of niche sectors too. The sector of the university is not fully explored from the scientific point of view. The creation of networks among universities in order to face this issue allows an exchange of expertise also at an international level as demonstrated in this article, by three case studies: two Italian (University of Trento and University of Insubria) and one Russian (Ural Federal University) universities. This study highlights the pros and cons of each university in terms of waste management. Specifically, setting up communication campaigns, standard procedures, monitoring actions, pricing strategies that incentivize selective collection, and improving the collaboration within the university community are identified as crucial initiatives. The margins of improvement of the three universities analyzed are favored by the composition of the generated waste. The implementation of good practices can give economic advantages to the universities, besides improving their level of sustainability.
Elena Cristina Rada; Elena Romenovna Magaril; Marco Schiavon; Anzhelika Karaeva; Maxim Chashchin; Vincenzo Torretta. MSW Management in Universities: Sharing Best Practices. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5084 .
AMA StyleElena Cristina Rada, Elena Romenovna Magaril, Marco Schiavon, Anzhelika Karaeva, Maxim Chashchin, Vincenzo Torretta. MSW Management in Universities: Sharing Best Practices. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5084.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Cristina Rada; Elena Romenovna Magaril; Marco Schiavon; Anzhelika Karaeva; Maxim Chashchin; Vincenzo Torretta. 2020. "MSW Management in Universities: Sharing Best Practices." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5084.
The combustion of wood-based biomass for domestic heating, which is common in rural and mountainous regions of Europe, entails significant local impacts on air quality. Worse conditions occur in low-income countries where the use of coal in household stoves is a common practice. The present paper aims at demonstrating that the combination of waste-to-energy (WtE) plants (based on direct or indirect waste combustion technologies) and direct electric heating (DEH) would be beneficial to reduce air pollution and, meanwhile, optimize the local waste management. Specifically, a WtE plant powering a DEH network will be compared with two reference scenarios of domestic heating: the use of wood/pellet stoves and coal stoves. The results show that shifting to a DEH system, powered by the nearby WtE plant, would reduce the emissions of total suspended particles, NOx, CO, VOCs, dioxins, PAHs and heavy metals by >99%, 27%, 97%, 96%, 93%, 94% and 32%, respectively, with respect to the use of solid fuel in household stoves. In addition, the higher degree of atmospheric dispersion of the off-gas from the stack of the WtE plant is expected to further reduce the impacts in terms of air quality, as estimated by an approach based on the concept of dilution factors. The avoided transportation of waste to other waste facilities outside the region would reduce the greenhouse gas emissions with respect to coal combustion and biomass burning, by 63% and 3%, respectively. The integration of local WtE and DEH could be also “mild”, opening to scenarios that could improve the local air quality without renouncing totally to the habits of domestic wood combustion in mountainous regions. Mild-DEH could be designed to integrate the domestic use of wood with electrical heaters, reducing fuel use and air pollution.
Luca Adami; Marco Schiavon; Elena Cristina Rada. Potential environmental benefits of direct electric heating powered by waste-to-energy processes as a replacement of solid-fuel combustion in semi-rural and remote areas. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 740, 140078 .
AMA StyleLuca Adami, Marco Schiavon, Elena Cristina Rada. Potential environmental benefits of direct electric heating powered by waste-to-energy processes as a replacement of solid-fuel combustion in semi-rural and remote areas. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 740 ():140078.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Adami; Marco Schiavon; Elena Cristina Rada. 2020. "Potential environmental benefits of direct electric heating powered by waste-to-energy processes as a replacement of solid-fuel combustion in semi-rural and remote areas." Science of The Total Environment 740, no. : 140078.
Fluorides represent a significant problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In fact, this ion is essential for human health but, if taken in excess, it can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. In LMICs, the pollution of groundwater from fluorides is of natural origin. Therefore, if providing alternative sources for drinking water (DW) supply is not possible, the use of specific processes for the removal of fluorides becomes essential. The adsorption on alternative materials, such as agro-food residues, can be a valid treatment for the removal of fluorides in the LMIC considering: (i) their optimal removal yields, (ii) the high availability, and (iii) the low cost. In recent years, the interest on the use of palm residues (PRs) becomes significant. Optimal pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and possible combination with metals to increase adsorption performances were deeply investigated. The activated PRs also present two other advantages: (i) very high surface area, and (ii) very low reduction in uptake capacity when regenerated. However, all tests were conducted with synthetic waters in laboratory-scale reactors while application on real-scale are absent. This makes other studies on this type of alternative adsorbent material still necessary.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Sabrina Sorlini. Adsorption of Fluorides in Drinking Water by Palm Residues. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3786 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Sabrina Sorlini. Adsorption of Fluorides in Drinking Water by Palm Residues. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3786.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Sabrina Sorlini. 2020. "Adsorption of Fluorides in Drinking Water by Palm Residues." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3786.
In the present paper, different types of pure and commercial plastic waste from different EU countries (UK, France, Italy, and Romania) were investigated for microstructure surface morphology and chemical properties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The goal of the current investigation was to determine the chemical composition of selected packaging materials and compare these measurements with data obtained through a carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur-oxygen (CHNS-O) elemental analyzer, which is conventionally used to characterize waste materials. The capabilities of the experimental approach are discussed in connection with their application to the study of waste sample materials and in comparison with alternative experimental methods such as elemental analysis. The CHNS-O comparison is made between the present data obtained with SEM-EDXS instrument and EA 3000 elemental analyzer used in previews studies conducted by the authors. Results show a difference of composition among packaging from different countries that can affect the treatment adopted for its valorization and the strategies of circular economy.
Elena Cristina Rada; Gabriela Ionescu; Navarro Ferronato; Marco Ragazzi; Mario Raspanti; Fabio Conti; Vincenzo Torretta. Zooming on light packaging waste differences by scanning electron microscopy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 1 -7.
AMA StyleElena Cristina Rada, Gabriela Ionescu, Navarro Ferronato, Marco Ragazzi, Mario Raspanti, Fabio Conti, Vincenzo Torretta. Zooming on light packaging waste differences by scanning electron microscopy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Cristina Rada; Gabriela Ionescu; Navarro Ferronato; Marco Ragazzi; Mario Raspanti; Fabio Conti; Vincenzo Torretta. 2020. "Zooming on light packaging waste differences by scanning electron microscopy." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-7.
The formation of persistent foams can be a critical problem in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as it could lead to a series of operational problems, especially the reduction of the overall system performance. To date, the effects of foaming in the WWTPs are a problem that is currently very common and shared, but which to date is treated mainly only at the management level and still too little studied through a globally shared scientific method: the complexity of the phenomenon and the systems have led to numerous partially contradictory descriptions and hypotheses over the years. The goal must be to suggest future research directions and indicate promising strategies to prevent or control the formation of foams in WWTPs. This study examines and investigates the problem of foams by a methodological approach of research through a review on the state of the art: the factors influencing the formation of foams are described first (such as surfactants and/or extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs)), then the known methods for the evaluation of foaming, both direct and indirect, are presented, with the aim of identifying the correct and best (from the management point of view) control and/or prevention strategies to be applied in the future in WWTPs.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Marco Baldi; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Marco Carnevale Miino; Elena Cristina Rada; Vincenzo Torretta. Foams in Wastewater Treatment Plants: From Causes to Control Methods. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2716 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Marco Baldi, Alessandro Abbà, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Marco Carnevale Miino, Elena Cristina Rada, Vincenzo Torretta. Foams in Wastewater Treatment Plants: From Causes to Control Methods. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2716.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Marco Baldi; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Marco Carnevale Miino; Elena Cristina Rada; Vincenzo Torretta. 2020. "Foams in Wastewater Treatment Plants: From Causes to Control Methods." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2716.
In the coming years, water stress is destined to worsen considering that the consumption of water is expected to increase significantly, and climate change is expected to become more evident. Greywater (GW) has been studied as an alternative water source in arid and semiarid zones. Although there is no single optimal solution in order to treat GW, constructed wetlands proved to be effective. In this paper, the results of the treatment of a real GW by a horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) for more than four months are shown. In the preliminary laboratory-scale plant, Phragmites australis, Carex oshimensis and Cyperus papyrus were tested separately and showed very similar results. In the second phase, pilot-scale tests were conducted to confirm the performance at a larger scale and evaluate the influence of hydraulic retention time, obtaining very high removal yields on turbidity (>92%), total suspended solids (TSS) (>85%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (>89%), and five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (>88%). Based on the results of the pilot-scale HFCW, a comparison with international recommendations by World Health Organization and European Union is discussed.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Franco Hernan Gomez; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Sabrina Sorlini. Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2317 .
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli, Marco Carnevale Miino, Franco Hernan Gomez, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada, Sabrina Sorlini. Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Franco Hernan Gomez; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada; Sabrina Sorlini. 2020. "Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2317.
Soils contaminated with organic substances is an important issue across Europe: In some areas, these are the main causes of pollution, or the second after contamination from waste disposal. This paper included an experimental application that compared three methods of remediation of contaminated sites, based on electric fields: A single treatment (electroremediation); and two combined treatments, phyto-electrochemical and electrooxidation (a combination of chemical treatment and a DCT-direct current technology). The contaminated soil was taken from a former industrial area devoted to oil refining, located between two roads: The one national and the other one for industrial use. Nine soil samples were collected at two depths (0.2 and 0.4 m). The initial characterization of the soil showed a density of 1.5 g/cm³ and a moisture of about 20%; regarding grain size, 50% of the soil had particles with a diameter less than 0.08 mm. The electrochemical treatment and electrooxidation had an efficiency of 20% while the two combined methods had efficiencies of 42.5% for electrooxidation (with H2O2) and 20% for phyto-electroremediation (phyto-ER) with poinsettias.
Elena Cristina Rada; Gianni Andreottola; Irina Aura Istrate; Paolo Viotti; Fabio Conti; Elena Romenovna Magaril. Remediation of Soil Polluted by Organic Compounds Through Chemical Oxidation and Phytoremediation Combined with DCT. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3179 .
AMA StyleElena Cristina Rada, Gianni Andreottola, Irina Aura Istrate, Paolo Viotti, Fabio Conti, Elena Romenovna Magaril. Remediation of Soil Polluted by Organic Compounds Through Chemical Oxidation and Phytoremediation Combined with DCT. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (17):3179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Cristina Rada; Gianni Andreottola; Irina Aura Istrate; Paolo Viotti; Fabio Conti; Elena Romenovna Magaril. 2019. "Remediation of Soil Polluted by Organic Compounds Through Chemical Oxidation and Phytoremediation Combined with DCT." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17: 3179.
In order to ensure their market sustainability, it is essential for energy-intensive industrial companies to address the issues of efficient energy use. Companies that are prepared to embrace tariff hikes, structural changes in fuel and energy markets, and a shortage of energy resources have a wider range of options to respond to the new challenges posed by the external environment and to reduce their risks. This task becomes particularly relevant in the context of the development of the circular economy that is aimed at resource optimization, energy conservation, zero-waste manufacturing, and business models that are based on maximum operational efficiency. This study aims to develop a methodology for rational behavior of the energy consumer in the context of the circular economy. The concept of “rational behavior” is defined by the authors as the intention to make the maximum use of the advantages and potential of energy markets in order to reduce the cost of energy supply, increase the level of electrification in industrial production, and use the capabilities of their own energy business. The article describes the main principles of rational behavior that serve as the foundation for effective implementation of various strategies (that of the seller, buyer, or both) in a company. A link is shown between rational behavior and energy market potential management in a company as a mix of technological, economic, and organizational activities performed by the energy consumer in a competitive market and effective market risk management. Forms of off-grid power supply and conditions for their application in manufacturing, for example, mini-combined heat and power (CHP) plants and quadgeneration plants at large metallurgical facilities were analyzed.
Lazar Gitelman; Elena Magaril; Mikhail Kozhevnikov; Elena Cristina Rada; Rada. Rational Behavior of an Enterprise in the Energy Market in a Circular Economy. Resources 2019, 8, 73 .
AMA StyleLazar Gitelman, Elena Magaril, Mikhail Kozhevnikov, Elena Cristina Rada, Rada. Rational Behavior of an Enterprise in the Energy Market in a Circular Economy. Resources. 2019; 8 (2):73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLazar Gitelman; Elena Magaril; Mikhail Kozhevnikov; Elena Cristina Rada; Rada. 2019. "Rational Behavior of an Enterprise in the Energy Market in a Circular Economy." Resources 8, no. 2: 73.
Environmental safety problem originated from vehicles requires development and exploration of integrated and effective solutions, which considers the development level of technologies, the cost of their widespread use, the legislation requirements and other relevant aspects. One improvement method of the petroleum-derived fuels characteristics is the use of additives that complement the refining methods and provide ample opportunities to influence the individual characteristics. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the developed multifunctional surface-active nano-additive on the gasoline characteristics and engine performance. The measurement results confirmed the effective reduction of the surface tension of gasoline at the boundary with air, improving the mixture formation in the engine. On the other hand, the saturated vapor pressure was significantly decreased, which dramatically reduces evaporation losses and air pollution by light hydrocarbons. The use of the additive, due to a combination of its surface-active and catalytic action, significantly increases the fuel efficiency of engines and reduces octane requirements, greenhouse gases emissions, as well as noise level during operation of vehicles, and the environmental safety of vehicle operation increases.
Elena Magaril; Romen Magaril; Hussain H. Al-Kayiem; Elena Skvortsova; Ilya Anisimov; Elena Cristina Rada. Investigation on the Possibility of Increasing the Environmental Safety and Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles by Means of Gasoline Nano-Additive. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2165 .
AMA StyleElena Magaril, Romen Magaril, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem, Elena Skvortsova, Ilya Anisimov, Elena Cristina Rada. Investigation on the Possibility of Increasing the Environmental Safety and Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles by Means of Gasoline Nano-Additive. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Magaril; Romen Magaril; Hussain H. Al-Kayiem; Elena Skvortsova; Ilya Anisimov; Elena Cristina Rada. 2019. "Investigation on the Possibility of Increasing the Environmental Safety and Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles by Means of Gasoline Nano-Additive." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2165.
Mechanical separation of light packaging waste is a useful practice for improving the quality of the recyclable waste flows and its exploitation in a frame of the circular economy. Materials Recovery Facilities can treat from 3000 to 5000 tons per year of light packaging waste. Concerning the plastic content, this is divided in four flows: PET, HDPE, other plastics, and waste rejects. The last two are generally used for energy recovery. For improving the quality of the recyclable plastic waste, a manual separation is required for reducing the impurities detectable in the final products. However, this practice could enhance the risk at work of the operators, which should be constantly monitored. This article explores the main differences of a manual separation and of a mechanical separation, assessing the costs and the health risk for the workers. The analysis started from the situation in an Italian Materials Recovery Facility, generalizing the context; a future scenario with the application of a mechanical separation is theoretically introduced. The main results obtained suggest that the manual separation plant improves the quality of the material, though increasing the risk of the operators due to the possible contact with sharp waste, sanitary danger, and risk of injuries for the mismanagement of machines, among others. The mechanical separation can be considered a real advantage from an economic point of view, since the operating costs are lower and the investment could be recovered in around 10 years, in an Italian-like context. On balance, on the one hand, the article provides indications for the private sector for improving the management of a Materials Recovery Facility, while, on the other hand, it detects the main pros and cons of both methodologies.
Lucian Ionel Cioca; Navarro Ferronato; Paolo Viotti; Elena Magaril; Marco Ragazzi; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada. Risk Assessment in a Materials Recycling Facility: Perspectives for Reducing Operational Issues. Resources 2018, 7, 85 .
AMA StyleLucian Ionel Cioca, Navarro Ferronato, Paolo Viotti, Elena Magaril, Marco Ragazzi, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada. Risk Assessment in a Materials Recycling Facility: Perspectives for Reducing Operational Issues. Resources. 2018; 7 (4):85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucian Ionel Cioca; Navarro Ferronato; Paolo Viotti; Elena Magaril; Marco Ragazzi; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada. 2018. "Risk Assessment in a Materials Recycling Facility: Perspectives for Reducing Operational Issues." Resources 7, no. 4: 85.
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Luca Adami; Giacomo Castagna; Elena Magaril; Ramona Giurea; Navarro Ferronato; Gianluca Ruggieri; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada. CRITICALITIES AND POTENTIALITIES OF LOCAL RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY. Energy Production and Management in the 21st Century III: The Quest for Sustainable Energy 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleLuca Adami, Giacomo Castagna, Elena Magaril, Ramona Giurea, Navarro Ferronato, Gianluca Ruggieri, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada. CRITICALITIES AND POTENTIALITIES OF LOCAL RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY. Energy Production and Management in the 21st Century III: The Quest for Sustainable Energy. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Adami; Giacomo Castagna; Elena Magaril; Ramona Giurea; Navarro Ferronato; Gianluca Ruggieri; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada. 2018. "CRITICALITIES AND POTENTIALITIES OF LOCAL RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY." Energy Production and Management in the 21st Century III: The Quest for Sustainable Energy , no. : 1.
Marco Schiavon; Marco Ragazzi; Graziano Coller; Navarro Ferronato; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada. A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT DECISIONS TOWARDS ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC CONTEXTS: APPLICATION TO HAND-DRYING OPTIONS. Energy Production and Management in the 21st Century III: The Quest for Sustainable Energy 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleMarco Schiavon, Marco Ragazzi, Graziano Coller, Navarro Ferronato, Vincenzo Torretta, Elena Cristina Rada. A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT DECISIONS TOWARDS ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC CONTEXTS: APPLICATION TO HAND-DRYING OPTIONS. Energy Production and Management in the 21st Century III: The Quest for Sustainable Energy. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Schiavon; Marco Ragazzi; Graziano Coller; Navarro Ferronato; Vincenzo Torretta; Elena Cristina Rada. 2018. "A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT DECISIONS TOWARDS ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC CONTEXTS: APPLICATION TO HAND-DRYING OPTIONS." Energy Production and Management in the 21st Century III: The Quest for Sustainable Energy , no. : 1.