5G is the future of telecommunications, with the ever-increasing internet traffic, and demand for high data rate, the advent of 5G is the need of the day. Moreover, the frequency bands used for 2G, 3G, and 4G communications became over-crowded, so to accommodate huge internet traffic, new frequency bands were needed to be allocated, which are later allocated by Federal Communication Commission (FCC). These bands are reserved for 5G communication, and the proposed work is to design a MIMO antenna that operates at one of the FCC reserved band for 5G communications. As MIMO technology is already serving for high transmission rates, moreover increase in data traffic can also be accommodated by the MIMO system. The proposed design consists of seven elements, each of them operating at 37 GHz. The MIMO system has better isolation, which is greater than 20 dB, and the gain of a single element is 7.7 dBi, which shows this proposed MIMO network is an ideal candidate for future communications.

This study focuses on the design of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna, which is capable of operating in two different frequency bands, specifically the 4.9 GHz and 6.7 GHz WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) bands. With the growing popularity of wireless communication technology and the ability to utilize frequency bands without the need for authorization, WLAN usage is becoming increasingly widespread. The design of the antenna is conducted using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) electromagnetic simulation software. The proposed antenna is made on a low-cost FR-4 substrate with a dielectric permittivity of 4.4, which offers benefits such as affordability and compactness. The resulting antenna has a compact size of 17.952 mm by 16.896 mm, including a substrate thickness of 1.6 mm, making it one of the smallest dual-band microstrip patch antenna. The antenna utilizes microstrip line feeding, and its radiating patch is formed by cutting inverted C-shaped from the patch and inverted U-shaped grooves from the feed line, allowing it to be compatible with 4.9 GHz and 6.7 GHz WLAN bands. The design and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has a dual-band capability and favorable transmission characteristics within its operating frequency range, meeting the demands of WLAN communication.

In this paper, a miniaturized high gain antenna was designed for biomedical applications. The designed antenna operates on the industrial, medical, and scientific (2.40 – 2.4835) GHz band. The proposed antenna consists of the radiating element having rectangular, and circular slots, and a ground plane with rectangular slots. The total volume of the designed antenna is $(7\times 7\times 0.2)mm^{3}$ , and the thickness of the superstrate and substrate is 0.1 mm. The Rogers ULTRALAM $(\varepsilon_{r}=2.9, \tan\delta=0.0025)$ material is used for substrate and superstrate. The proposed antenna is placed inside the different phantoms of the human body. The maximum gain achieved by the simulations of the proposed antenna is −12 dBi at 2.45 GHz. The designed antenna has better results than the antennas discussed in the literature in term of size, gain, and bandwidth.

Real-time tracking, together with monitoring and data collection of human body signals, happens through RFID technology amalgamated with wearable electronics called wearable RFID sensors. Modern sensors find placement in clothing items as well as accessories, and they also operate beneath the skin. The sensors serve several applications across healthcare monitoring, together with asset tracking and security system functions. This article delivers an extensive examination of body-area RFID antenna design issues regarding operating frequencies with biological tissue effects and antenna performance, together with safety compliance aspects. A multicomponent antenna system works as an RFID shield and functions for Bluetooth along with Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and includes temperature and sweat sensors for healthcare distance monitoring. The designed antenna spans 600 MHz (2.2–2.8 GHz) within its 25 × 40 × 1.5 mm³ dimensions. This antenna finds optimal application in wearable systems because it utilizes semi-flexible Rogers RT5880 substrate material. The system obtains miniaturized dimensions through the implementation of two E-shaped slots, which allow the device to operate in the desired frequency range. Stability characteristics allow the antenna to operate properly near human bodies and meet the SAR safety requirements of 1.6 W/kg at its operating frequency. Realistic performance tests produced efficient results close agreement between simulated and measured data, thus validating the design potential as a remote healthcare monitoring solution.

The optimal design of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas is significant for next-generation smartphone solutions with the appearance of further communication. This paper describes the design, simulation, and measurements of a ten-element MIMO antenna for n79 at 4.4–5.0 GHz, n102 at 5.925–6.425 GHz, and n104 at 6.425–7.125 GHz ranges that will be implemented in today’s smartphones. The proposed antenna system has a maximum dimension of 158 mm × 60 mm and will use the low-cost FR-4 as the dielectric material. The design procedure is carried out with a lot of care to ensure that it does not compromise the spatial characteristics and at the same time minimizes the mutual coupling between the nearby antenna dimensions. High isolation and low ECC values are simulated using capturing techniques on the antenna geometry and its element position for proper MIMO performance improvement. The constructed antenna system portrays good performances in the intended bands as evidenced by the reflection coefficient values, radiation patterns, and individual gains. The performance of the above proposed ten-element MIMO antenna system in terms of bandwidth efficiency, diversity gain, and channel capacity loss is discussed. It also satisfies the demands of current standards of wireless communications and provides future possibilities for higher data transmission rates and message reliability in next-generation smartphone applications. Here, the application of the FR-4 substrate is remarkable as it provides comparatively better performance with significantly easier manufacturing and less cost, and thus, the design has good possibilities to be commercially viable. This work can be understood to form part of ongoing research in enhancing the advancement of the smartphone’s antenna technology, which offers a scalable approach to the prospective spectrum altitude and the emergent surge in the data rates of mobile communication.

An ultra-wideband miniature antenna based on circular patch with circular slots has been presented for future generation mm-wave indoor wireless applications. The proposed miniature antenna is fed by probe feed and, the maximum realized gain and the total efficiency throughout the three bands are 7.7 dBi in an upper higher band and 97% in the lower band, respectively. This proposed antenna covers the seven bands (five bands are in the existing allocation to mobile, and the other two bands are to be considered for allocation) for 5G higher bands and lower band covers uplink Ku-band (14GHz - 14.5GHz) for satellite communication. The proposed antenna in ultra-wideband has the impedance bandwidth of 31.8 GHz and the fractional bandwidth of 60.61%.