This study addresses the issues of Greenhouse Gas Emission and corporate social responsibility of firms in USA. This paper estimates various econometrics estimations varying from multivariate regression, static panel modes and dynamic panel models. Finally, to control the endogeneity problem dynamic panel model is preferred to capture the relationship of greenhouse gas emissions and corporate social responsibility. The result of the study shows a positive and significant relationship between greenhouse gas emission and corporate social responsibility. Further, it is also observed that firms with better corporate social responsibility performance can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is the first research that attempts to explore two-way relationships between greenhouse gas emission and corporate social responsibility by using various estimation techniques varying from multivariate, OLS to dynamic panel GMM. From a policy point of view, corporate social responsibility plays an important role in managing and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, ultimately creating a secure environment for all parties while improving business performance. Policymakers should create policies to control greenhouse gas emissions and enhance corporate social responsibility.

Environmental performance is a key aspect of business for both shareholders and stakeholders. However, it is necessary to examine whether current practices in corporate governance protect the key interests of shareholders and environmental stakeholders. This study examines how corporate governance affects a company’s sustainability and environmental performance. The study takes a novel approach by dividing businesses into three categories based on various business scenarios for environmental sustainability and evaluating the effect of corporate governance on each scenario in businesses. According to the study, corporate governance is a relative phenomenon whose effectiveness depends on assumptions about how long a company can continue operating under its current environmental conditions. Empirical results show that corporate governance is only effective in business-as-usual environmentally sustainable or highly environmentally sustainable scenarios.

This article postulates an inclusive study on the international migration from Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) countries to developed world (OECD Countries). This study used the data on BRIC during the period 2000–2013 to investigate the interaction between trade, foreign direct investment (both inward and outward) along with international migration in single framework. The results are obtained by using panel fixed effects and Poisson Pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) approach to cater heterogeneity issue. These results indicate that common official languages, trade and FDI significantly encourage international migration, indicating complementary relationship. The GDP of host nations is very important and encouraging factor for BRIC's migrants referring it as, most serious push factor of migration.

Purpose: This study examines the effects of foreign and domestic institutional investors on the value of excess cash holdings in the context of Pakistan where the institutional setting is broadly considered as non-friendly to outside shareholders due to family control.Design/methodology/approach: A panel sample of 220 listed firms on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) was employed over the period 2007–2018. Data on institutional ownership are collected from the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) Capital IQ Public Ownership database, while the financial data are collected from Compustat Global. The study uses ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with year and firm fixed effects as the main econometric specification. Moreover, the application of models with alternative measures, high-dimensional fixed effects and two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression are also conducted for robustness.Findings: Robust evidence was found that unlike domestic institutional investors, which do not influence the value of excess cash holdings, foreign institutional investors positively affect the contribution of excess cash holdings to firm value. The positive effect on excess cash holdings' value is mainly driven by foreign institutions domiciled in countries with strong governance and high investor protection. Moreover, this effect is stronger in firms that are less likely to have financial constraints.Originality/value: This study provides novel evidence on the effect of institutional investors on the value of excess cash holdings in an emerging market like Pakistan. It also adds to the literature by revealing that the effect of different groups of institutional investors on the value of excess cash holdings is not homogenous.

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of economic policy uncertainty on the firm profitability through moderating role of logistics infrastructure index using US non-financial firms listed at NASDAQ.Design/methodology/approach: We used secondary data set which includes firm-level indicators of 2,323 non-financial US firms listed at NASDAQ over the period of 1998–2018. Ordinary least squares regression with multiple fixed effects used to analyze the data and estimate hypotheses.Findings: The results show that economic policy uncertainty negatively impacts the firm’s profitability whereas the logistics infrastructure positively moderates the negative impact of EPU on the firm’s profitability.Research limitations/implications: Economic policy uncertainty is a significant challenge for managerial decision making and a direct threat to a firm’s profitability. The results of this study imply that the state of logistics infrastructure must be considered as an important policy tool by the senior management to mitigate the negative impact of economic policy uncertainty and to safeguard a firm’s profitability.Originality/value: This study highlights that logistic infrastructure plays an important role in alleviating the adverse effect of economic policy uncertainty on the profitability of a US non-financial firm.