Physical exercise is an important component in the management of type 1 diabetes across the lifespan. Yet, acute exercise increases the risk of dysglycaemia, and the direction of glycaemic excursions depends, to some extent, on the intensity and duration of the type of exercise. Understandably, fear of hypoglycaemia is one of the strongest barriers to incorporating exercise into daily life. Risk of hypoglycaemia during and after exercise can be lowered when insulin-dose adjustments are made and/or additional carbohydrates are consumed. Glycaemic management during exercise has been made easier with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) systems; however, because of the complexity of CGM and isCGM systems, both individuals with type 1 diabetes and their healthcare professionals may struggle with the interpretation of given information to maximise the technological potential for effective use around exercise (i.e. before, during and after). This position statement highlights the recent advancements in CGM and isCGM technology, with a focus on the evidence base for their efficacy to sense glucose around exercise and adaptations in the use of these emerging tools, and updates the guidance for exercise in adults, children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Graphical abstract

Journal of Medical Internet Research - International Scientific Journal for Medical Research, Information and Communication on the Internet

OBJECTIVE—To assess the association of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) with 2-h postprandial glucose values in type 2 diabetic patients followed over 12 months in an outpatient setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In 55 patients, we examined self-measured postprandial blood glucose values for correlations with 1,5-AG values over prespecified preceding time periods (3 days, 1 week, and weekly up to 12 weeks). RESULTS—The correlation coefficients for postprandial glucose values were −0.34 (P < 0.05) for 3 days, −0.38 (P < 0.001) for 1 week, and −0.40 (P < 0.001) for 2 weeks preceding the measurement of 1,5-AG. Correlations declined for time periods >2 weeks before measurement of 1,5-AG. The correlation was lower with fasting/preprandial plasma glucose levels. There was no time dependency for the correlation between A1C and fasting or postprandial glucose. CONCLUSIONS—1,5-AG best reflected the 2-h postprandial glucose values of the 2 previous weeks.