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The objective of this study was to reconstruct the long-term drought and flood time series to analyze their changing characteristics in Hengshui City of North China. Disaster records of the city for 550 years (1649–2018) were collected from different sources and sorted to reconstruct the sequences of droughts and floods. Advanced statistical methods for climate data analysis, including the Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope estimator, Morlet wavelet analysis, mutation point tests, and Rescaled range analysis, were used to analyze the historical changes and predict the direction of possible future changes in droughts and floods. The results showed an increased frequency of droughts and a decreased frequency of floods in Hengshui City, making drought occurrence significantly higher than flood occurrence in the twentieth century. The solar activity cycle of 11-year and its multiple showed the association with 10–15 years and 25 years cycles of droughts and floods, respectively. The mutation points in drought and flood sequences during 1559–1568 and 1909–1918 showed insignificant downward (upward) and upward (downward) trends, respectively, in the drought (flood) subsequence before and after the mutation point. The rescaled range analysis revealed an insignificant decreasing trend in droughts and the continuation of the present decreasing trend in floods in the forthcoming years.
Jiaqi Sun; Xiaojun Wang; Yixing Yin; Shamsuddin Shahid. Analysis of historical drought and flood characteristics of Hengshui during the period 1649–2018: a typical city in North China. Natural Hazards 2021, 108, 2081 -2099.
AMA StyleJiaqi Sun, Xiaojun Wang, Yixing Yin, Shamsuddin Shahid. Analysis of historical drought and flood characteristics of Hengshui during the period 1649–2018: a typical city in North China. Natural Hazards. 2021; 108 (2):2081-2099.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaqi Sun; Xiaojun Wang; Yixing Yin; Shamsuddin Shahid. 2021. "Analysis of historical drought and flood characteristics of Hengshui during the period 1649–2018: a typical city in North China." Natural Hazards 108, no. 2: 2081-2099.
The geocybernetic assessment matrix (GAM) evaluation of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices in Ethiopia is carried out in this paper. With regard to the five fundamental geocybernetic paradigms, the GAM is built to determine the nature and level of sustainability or unsustainability that exists. The goal of the GAM assessment is to determine the nature and level of sustainability of the three core criteria of the CSA: (1) productivity, (2) resilience and (3) mitigation. In particular, it is to determine, from a geocybernetic point of view, the nature of the CSA practices of farmers in the climate change era to manage their agricultural production systems. The overall patterns from the viewpoint of the standardization paradigm indicate strong sustainability. Although the findings obtained in relation to other paradigms suggest that in most CSA practices, limitations remain in achieving managed co-evolution. This indicates that there is still an obvious disagreement from a geocybernetic perspective as to the essence of sustainable development desired. In addition, the findings reveal substantial anthropocentric skews within the goals, whereby they appear to concentrate solely on social and economic interests, as opposed to a holistic point of view that encompasses the environment. There is a need to set priorities, goals and benchmarks to resolve the overlooked CSA practices in order to facilitate sustainable development along an optimal direction and to preserve interests in social, economic and environmental co-evolution at all spatio-temporal scales. Furthermore, we argue that research agendas need to concentrate on inventing locally adapted site-specific innovations for local farmers.
Ashenafi Yimam Kassaye; Guangcheng Shao; Xiaojun Wang; MaryE Belete. Evaluating the practices of climate-smart agriculture sustainability in Ethiopia using geocybernetic assessment matrix. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2021, 1 -41.
AMA StyleAshenafi Yimam Kassaye, Guangcheng Shao, Xiaojun Wang, MaryE Belete. Evaluating the practices of climate-smart agriculture sustainability in Ethiopia using geocybernetic assessment matrix. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021; ():1-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshenafi Yimam Kassaye; Guangcheng Shao; Xiaojun Wang; MaryE Belete. 2021. "Evaluating the practices of climate-smart agriculture sustainability in Ethiopia using geocybernetic assessment matrix." Environment, Development and Sustainability , no. : 1-41.
Climate change is likely to make matters worse in Ethiopia, where the primary sources of food production depend on agriculture, mainly rain-fed agriculture. This study has two folds: first, we estimate the marginal impact of climate variables on the dominant staple food crops (teff, maize, wheat, and sorghum) grown in Ethiopia using feasible generalized least square (FGLS) and autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity consistent standard error for 31 years’ time series data. Second, based on these estimates, we used regional climate models (UQAM _CRCM5 and SMHI_ RCA4) to identify yield sensitivity change in the future. A significant rise in mean monthly temperature and positive change in rainfall were observed from 1988 to 2018. Though an increase in maximum temperature had a favorable effect on all crop yields, a similar increase in minimum temperature was found to have an adverse impact. Since 2000 there has been a considerable increase in total production, but the increasing trends have been due to increases in area cultivated. Towards the end of the twenty-first century, the projection of climate impacts has suggested that with significant increases in temperature and decreases in rainfall result the decline of sorghum yield by 18.1% and wheat yield by 13.2%. However, the yield of teff and maize will be expected to increase by 20.2 and 17.9% respectively. We recommend adopting and expanding locally fitted climate-smart agricultural practices to minimize the long-run climate change impacts on crop production and address the country’s food security problems sustainably.
Ashenafi Yimam Kassaye; Guangcheng Shao; Xiaojun Wang; Eshetu Shifaw; Shiqing Wu. Impact of climate change on the staple food crops yield in Ethiopia: implications for food security. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2021, 145, 327 -343.
AMA StyleAshenafi Yimam Kassaye, Guangcheng Shao, Xiaojun Wang, Eshetu Shifaw, Shiqing Wu. Impact of climate change on the staple food crops yield in Ethiopia: implications for food security. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2021; 145 (1-2):327-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshenafi Yimam Kassaye; Guangcheng Shao; Xiaojun Wang; Eshetu Shifaw; Shiqing Wu. 2021. "Impact of climate change on the staple food crops yield in Ethiopia: implications for food security." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 145, no. 1-2: 327-343.
An approach is proposed in the present study to estimate the soil erosion in data-scarce Kokcha subbasin in Afghanistan. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model is used to estimate soil erosion. The satellite-based data are used to obtain the RUSLE factors. The results show that the slight (71.34%) and moderate (25.46%) erosion are dominated in the basin. In contrast, the high erosion (0.01%) is insignificant in the study area. The highest amount of erosion is observed in Rangeland (52.2%) followed by rainfed agriculture (15.1%) and barren land (9.8%) while a little or no erosion is found in areas with fruit trees, forest and shrubs, and irrigated agriculture land. The highest soil erosion was observed in summer (June–August) due to snow melting from high mountains. The spatial distribution of soil erosion revealed higher risk in foothills and degraded lands. It is expected that the methodology presented in this study for estimation of spatial and seasonal variability soil erosion in a remote mountainous river basin can be replicated in other similar regions for management of soil, agriculture, and water resources.
Ziauddin Safari; Sayed Rahimi; Kamal Ahmed; Ahmad Sharafati; Ghaith Ziarh; Shamsuddin Shahid; Tarmizi Ismail; Nadhir Al-Ansari; Eun-Sung Chung; Xiaojun Wang. Estimation of Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Soil Erosion in a Cold Arid River Basin in Hindu Kush Mountainous Region Using Remote Sensing. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1549 .
AMA StyleZiauddin Safari, Sayed Rahimi, Kamal Ahmed, Ahmad Sharafati, Ghaith Ziarh, Shamsuddin Shahid, Tarmizi Ismail, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Eun-Sung Chung, Xiaojun Wang. Estimation of Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Soil Erosion in a Cold Arid River Basin in Hindu Kush Mountainous Region Using Remote Sensing. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiauddin Safari; Sayed Rahimi; Kamal Ahmed; Ahmad Sharafati; Ghaith Ziarh; Shamsuddin Shahid; Tarmizi Ismail; Nadhir Al-Ansari; Eun-Sung Chung; Xiaojun Wang. 2021. "Estimation of Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Soil Erosion in a Cold Arid River Basin in Hindu Kush Mountainous Region Using Remote Sensing." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1549.
X Zhang; Jy Zhang; Tq Ao; Xj Wang; T Chen; Bx Wang. Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Industrial Water Demand by Sector. Climate Research 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleX Zhang, Jy Zhang, Tq Ao, Xj Wang, T Chen, Bx Wang. Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Industrial Water Demand by Sector. Climate Research. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleX Zhang; Jy Zhang; Tq Ao; Xj Wang; T Chen; Bx Wang. 2021. "Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Industrial Water Demand by Sector." Climate Research , no. : 1.
This study explored the spatio-temporal patterns of meteorological drought change and the mechanisms of drought occurrence in Yulin City of the northern Shaanxi by using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis and composite analysis based on the meteorological observation data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1961 to 2015. The main findings of the research are as follows: (1) In the annual and seasonal drought series, there is a non-significant trend toward drought in summer, while there are non-significant trends toward wetness for the other series. Overall, the frequency of drought is low in the southeast and high in the west and the north of the study area. (2) EOF1 is characterized by a uniform pattern in the whole region, i.e., there is a feature of consistent drought or flood in Yulin City. EOF2, EOF3 and EOF4 mainly indicate opposite characteristics of the changes of floods and droughts in the eastern/western parts and the southeast/other parts in the study area. (3) In the summer of the typical drought (flood) years, the study area is controlled by the northwest airflow behind the trough (zonal airflow at the bottom of low-pressure trough), and the meridional circulation (zonal circulation) is distributed in the mid-latitudes, which is conducive to the intrusion of cold air into the south (north) of China. The cold and warm air intersection area is to the south (to the north). The water vapor flux is weak (strong) and the water vapor divergence (convergence) prohibits (enhances) the precipitation process in the study area.
Yixing Yin; Lijuan Zhang; Xiaojun Wang; Wucheng Xu; Wenjun Yu; Ye Zhu. Meteorological Drought Changes and Related Circulation Characteristics in Yulin City of the Northern Shaanxi from 1961 to 2015. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1196 .
AMA StyleYixing Yin, Lijuan Zhang, Xiaojun Wang, Wucheng Xu, Wenjun Yu, Ye Zhu. Meteorological Drought Changes and Related Circulation Characteristics in Yulin City of the Northern Shaanxi from 1961 to 2015. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (11):1196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYixing Yin; Lijuan Zhang; Xiaojun Wang; Wucheng Xu; Wenjun Yu; Ye Zhu. 2020. "Meteorological Drought Changes and Related Circulation Characteristics in Yulin City of the Northern Shaanxi from 1961 to 2015." Atmosphere 11, no. 11: 1196.
Hydrological process is very complex, so it is difficult for one copula to describe dependence patterns between two hydrological variables comprehensively (dependence pattern refers to the correlation and tail dependence between two random variables). This paper applied a linear weighted function of Gumbel copula, Clayton copula and Frank copula (coupled copula) to study dependence patterns between two hydrological variables and take precipitation as an example. Two experiments to study the joint probabilistic characteristics of the daily precipitation sequences in summer at two pairs of stations on the tributaries of Jinghe are performed to test our new method and compared with Gumbel copula, Clayton copula and Frank copula. Both experiments indicate that the coupled copula is superior to study the upper tail dependence, lower tail dependence and symmetric tail dependence between two precipitation sequences simultaneously. Moreover, the coupled copula is applied to estimate the joint return periods and conditional probabilities, and the joint return periods are 57.5 and 59.6 when the designed return period is 100. The result shows that there is a high probability of occurrence of precipitation extremes at the Huanxian and Xifeng stations when once in a 1000 or 100 years daily precipitation occur at the Guyuan and Pingliang stations. The coupled copula can also be applied in flood and drought frequency analysis.
Longxia Qian; Xiaojun Wang; Zhengxin Wang. Modeling the dependence pattern between two precipitation variables using a coupled copula. Environmental Earth Sciences 2020, 79, 1 -12.
AMA StyleLongxia Qian, Xiaojun Wang, Zhengxin Wang. Modeling the dependence pattern between two precipitation variables using a coupled copula. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2020; 79 (21):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLongxia Qian; Xiaojun Wang; Zhengxin Wang. 2020. "Modeling the dependence pattern between two precipitation variables using a coupled copula." Environmental Earth Sciences 79, no. 21: 1-12.
In the past several decades, climate change and human activities have influenced hydrological processes, and potentially caused more frequent and extensive flood and drought risks. Therefore, identification and quantification of the driving factors of runoff variation have become a hot research area. This paper used the trend analysis method to show that runoff had a significant downward trend during the past 60 years in the Second Songhua River Basin (SSRB) of Northeast China. The upper, middle, and lower streams of five hydrological stations were selected to analyze the breakpoint of the annual runoff in the past 60 years, and the breakpoints were used to divide the entire study period into two sub-periods (1956–1974 and 1975–2015). Using the water–energy coupling balance method based on Choudhury–Yang equation, the climatic and catchment landscape elasticity coefficient of the annual runoff change was estimated, and attribution analysis of the runoff change was carried out for the Fengman Reservoir and Fuyu stations in SSRB. The change in potential evapotranspiration has a weak effect on the runoff, and change in precipitation and catchment landscape were the leading factors affecting runoff. Impacts of climate change and land cover change were accountable for the runoff decrease by 80% and 11% (Fengman), 17% and 206% (Fuyu) on average, respectively; runoff was more sensitive to climate change in Fengman, and was more sensitive to catchment landscape change in Fuyu. In Fengman, the population was small, owing to the comparatively inhospitable natural conditions, and so human activities were low. However, in Fuyu, human activities were more intensive, and so had more impact on runoff for the Lower Second Songhua River compared to the Upper Second Songhua River.
Bao Shanshan; Yang Wei; Wang Xiaojun; Li HongYan. Quantifying Contributions of Climate Change and Local Human Activities to Runoff Decline in the Second Songhua River Basin. Water 2020, 12, 2659 .
AMA StyleBao Shanshan, Yang Wei, Wang Xiaojun, Li HongYan. Quantifying Contributions of Climate Change and Local Human Activities to Runoff Decline in the Second Songhua River Basin. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2659.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBao Shanshan; Yang Wei; Wang Xiaojun; Li HongYan. 2020. "Quantifying Contributions of Climate Change and Local Human Activities to Runoff Decline in the Second Songhua River Basin." Water 12, no. 10: 2659.
Climate change and human activities have intensified the contradiction between water supply and demand and worsen the status of water security in North China Plain in the recent years. A study has been conducted for the evaluation of trends in hydro-meteorological variables and their response to runoff to understand the changing pattern of water resources in Hengshui City, located in the North China Plain. The inverse distance weighting interpolation, nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test, Sen’s slope estimator, and wavelet analysis methods were used to assess the spatiotemporal changes in precipitation and runoff for the period 1963–2013. Besides, MK mutation point test and sequential clustering method were used to identify the mutation points of annual runoff sequence. Finally, rescaled range analysis, fractal dimension approximation, and power spectrum exponent estimation were used to predict the possible future annual runoff trends. The results revealed that average annual precipitation of Hengshui City was decreasing from its long-term average of 508.65 mm. The seasonal precipitation showed an increase in spring and autumn and a decrease in summer and winter. The precipitation of the city has a periodicity of 29, 17, and 6–7 years, among which 29 years is the main cycle. Analysis of river flow data revealed that the surface water resources in the central area are relatively short. The annual runoff in six out of eight rivers flowing through the vicinity of the city showed a downward trend while the rest two showed an upward trend. A periodicity in annual runoff of the main rivers was also observed. The mutation points in inflow series of different rivers were found to vary between 1968 and 1983. Future projections of runoff revealed both increase and decrease in flow of different rivers. The findings of the study can be used for water resources management and adaptation to climate change.
Jiaqi Sun; Xiaojun Wang; Shamsuddin Shahid. Precipitation and runoff variation characteristics in typical regions of North China Plain: a case study of Hengshui City. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2020, 142, 971 -985.
AMA StyleJiaqi Sun, Xiaojun Wang, Shamsuddin Shahid. Precipitation and runoff variation characteristics in typical regions of North China Plain: a case study of Hengshui City. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2020; 142 (3-4):971-985.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaqi Sun; Xiaojun Wang; Shamsuddin Shahid. 2020. "Precipitation and runoff variation characteristics in typical regions of North China Plain: a case study of Hengshui City." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 142, no. 3-4: 971-985.
Drought is considered as a frequent environmental disaster that persists long enough to adversely influence economic and social development for the last few decades, particularly in Ethiopia. Here, we examined the occurrence of drought severity change in Ethiopia using standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), China Z Index (CZI) and percent of normal precipitation (PNP). Mann Kendal and Sen’s method tests also used to compute trends and magnitudes of drought occurrences. The years 1953, 1961–1964, 1972–1976, 1984–1987, 2002–2004 and 2011–2014 were recorded as the most intense drought episodes ranging from − 1.58 to − 4.31. With some exceptions, the years 1984, 1986, 2002 and 2014/15 were the direst extreme drought occurrence across all locations. The interpolated spatial extent of drought frequency was highest in central, north and southern regions of the country, respectively. More extreme and severe droughts are identified from SPI and SPEI time series than CZI and PNP at many stations across the domain. In 3-month time scales, severe/extreme drought incidences are intra-annual and 12- and 24-month time scales are inter-annual. SPI and SPEI have stronger correlation than SPI and CZI at all timescales. This kind of inventory drought characterization can be used as a basis to quantitatively prioritize specific intervention at the regional level in responding to drought impacts due to climate change with available resources. By large, it will help to foster a vital shift in the way drought is perceived and coped in the region, taking into account the country’s economic, social and environmental context.
Ashenafi Yimam Kassaye; Guangcheng Shao; Xiaojun Wang; Shiqing Wu. Quantification of drought severity change in Ethiopia during 1952–2017. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2020, 23, 5096 -5121.
AMA StyleAshenafi Yimam Kassaye, Guangcheng Shao, Xiaojun Wang, Shiqing Wu. Quantification of drought severity change in Ethiopia during 1952–2017. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2020; 23 (4):5096-5121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshenafi Yimam Kassaye; Guangcheng Shao; Xiaojun Wang; Shiqing Wu. 2020. "Quantification of drought severity change in Ethiopia during 1952–2017." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 4: 5096-5121.
The contradiction between increasing demand and current supply has affected the healthy development of industry. Investigating the key influence factors of industrial water use change has important practical significance for water resource management. In this study, the authors propose the vector autoregression model to analyze the dynamic influences of industrial development, technological progress, and environmental protection on industrial water use change, and take Jiangsu Province, China as a case study. Results show that each of the factors had different effects during 2001–2015, in which industrial development was the greatest contributor to the change of industrial water use and showed a positive effect in the forecast period; technological progress played a major role in reducing industrial water use, but the negative effect weakened periodically over time; environmental protection also had a positive influence in the early forecast period, and then showed a marginal effect with time. Results of this study could assist the relevant authorities to formulate appropriate industrial development planning and water saving policies, and to reasonably control the industrial water demand.
Bingxuan Wang; Xiaojun Wang; Xu Zhang. An Empirical Research on Influence Factors of Industrial Water Use. Water 2019, 11, 2267 .
AMA StyleBingxuan Wang, Xiaojun Wang, Xu Zhang. An Empirical Research on Influence Factors of Industrial Water Use. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBingxuan Wang; Xiaojun Wang; Xu Zhang. 2019. "An Empirical Research on Influence Factors of Industrial Water Use." Water 11, no. 11: 2267.
Water is gradually becoming scarce in Afghanistan like in many other regions of the globe. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial changes in the availability and sustainability of water resources in Afghanistan. The Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) data of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite obtained from three different institutes, having 1° × 1° spatial resolution for the period 2002–2016 was used for this purpose. Sen’s slope method was used to assess the rate of change, and the Modified Mann–Kendall test was used for the evaluation of the significance of trends in TWS. After, the concept of reliability–resiliency–vulnerability (RRV) was used for assessing the spatial distribution of sustainability in water resources. The results revealed a significant decrease in water availability in the country over the last 15 years. The decrease was found to be highest in the central region where most of the population of the country resides. The reliability in water resources was found high in the northeast Himalayan region and low in the southwest desert; resilience was found low in the central region, while vulnerability was found high in the south and the southeast. Overall, the water resources of the country were found most sustainable in the northeast and southwest and least in the south and the central parts. The maps of water resource sustainability and the changes in water availability produced in the present study can be used for long-term planning of water resources for adaptation to global changes. Besides, those can be used for the management of water resources in a sustainable and judicious manner.
Mohammad Naser Sediqi; Mohammed Sanusi Shiru; Mohamed Salem Nashwan; Rawshan Ali; Shadan Abubaker; Xiaojun Wang; Kamal Ahmed; Shamsuddin Shahid; Asaduzzaman; Sayed Mir Agha Manawi. Spatio-Temporal Pattern in the Changes in Availability and Sustainability of Water Resources in Afghanistan. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5836 .
AMA StyleMohammad Naser Sediqi, Mohammed Sanusi Shiru, Mohamed Salem Nashwan, Rawshan Ali, Shadan Abubaker, Xiaojun Wang, Kamal Ahmed, Shamsuddin Shahid, Asaduzzaman, Sayed Mir Agha Manawi. Spatio-Temporal Pattern in the Changes in Availability and Sustainability of Water Resources in Afghanistan. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5836.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Naser Sediqi; Mohammed Sanusi Shiru; Mohamed Salem Nashwan; Rawshan Ali; Shadan Abubaker; Xiaojun Wang; Kamal Ahmed; Shamsuddin Shahid; Asaduzzaman; Sayed Mir Agha Manawi. 2019. "Spatio-Temporal Pattern in the Changes in Availability and Sustainability of Water Resources in Afghanistan." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5836.
With rapid economic development, demand for water resources is continuously increasing, which has resulted in common overexploitation of groundwater, particularly in megacities. This overexploitation of groundwater over many years has brought a series of adverse problems, including groundwater level decline, land subsidence and hydrogeological issues. To quantitatively describe these risks, we propose a risk evaluation model for groundwater exploitation and utilization. By deducing and expanding on the cusp catastrophe type, this study breaks through the limitations on the catastrophe assessment method, e.g., the number of indicators, and establishes an improved catastrophe assessment model for groundwater exploitation and utilization risk. In addition, the index system of the risk evaluation is constructed including three criterion layers: groundwater system condition (B1), groundwater exploitation and utilization (B2) and groundwater environmental problems (B3) and is tested for the conditions in Shanghai City, eastern China. The evaluation results show that the comprehensive risk values for groundwater exploitation and utilization in all districts (counties) of Shanghai are between 0.68 and 0.85, which categorizes the city as in the moderate risk zone; therefore, the improved catastrophe model is suitable for assessing groundwater exploitation risk in Shanghai City and should be applicable more broadly for the effective protection and sustainable supply of groundwater.
Hui Zhang; Jingjie Yu; Chaoyang Du; Jun Xia; Xiaojun Wang. Assessing Risks from Groundwater Exploitation and Utilization: Case Study of the Shanghai Megacity, China. Water 2019, 11, 1775 .
AMA StyleHui Zhang, Jingjie Yu, Chaoyang Du, Jun Xia, Xiaojun Wang. Assessing Risks from Groundwater Exploitation and Utilization: Case Study of the Shanghai Megacity, China. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1775.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui Zhang; Jingjie Yu; Chaoyang Du; Jun Xia; Xiaojun Wang. 2019. "Assessing Risks from Groundwater Exploitation and Utilization: Case Study of the Shanghai Megacity, China." Water 11, no. 9: 1775.
We assessed the changes in meteorological drought severity and drought return periods during cropping seasons in Afghanistan for the period of 1901 to 2010. The droughts in the country were analyzed using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Global Precipitation Climatology Center rainfall and Climate Research Unit temperature data both at 0.5° resolutions were used for this purpose. Seasonal drought return periods were estimated using the values of the SPEI fitted with the best distribution function. Trends in climatic variables and SPEI were assessed using modified Mann–Kendal trend test, which has the ability to remove the influence of long-term persistence on trend significance. The study revealed increases in drought severity and frequency in Afghanistan over the study period. Temperature, which increased up to 0.14 °C/decade, was the major factor influencing the decreasing trend in the SPEI values in the northwest and southwest of the country during rice- and corn-growing seasons, whereas increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall were the cause of a decrease in SPEI during wheat-growing season. We concluded that temperature plays a more significant role in decreasing the SPEI values and, therefore, more severe droughts in the future are expected due to global warming.
Ishanch Qutbudin; Mohammed Sanusi Shiru; Ahmad Sharafati; Kamal Ahmed; Nadhir Al-Ansari; Zaher Mundher Yaseen; Shamsuddin Shahid; Xiaojun Wang. Seasonal Drought Pattern Changes Due to Climate Variability: Case Study in Afghanistan. Water 2019, 11, 1096 .
AMA StyleIshanch Qutbudin, Mohammed Sanusi Shiru, Ahmad Sharafati, Kamal Ahmed, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Shamsuddin Shahid, Xiaojun Wang. Seasonal Drought Pattern Changes Due to Climate Variability: Case Study in Afghanistan. Water. 2019; 11 (5):1096.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIshanch Qutbudin; Mohammed Sanusi Shiru; Ahmad Sharafati; Kamal Ahmed; Nadhir Al-Ansari; Zaher Mundher Yaseen; Shamsuddin Shahid; Xiaojun Wang. 2019. "Seasonal Drought Pattern Changes Due to Climate Variability: Case Study in Afghanistan." Water 11, no. 5: 1096.
Irrigation projects often result in many far-reaching environmental changes. This paper considers the case of the Hetao Irrigation District, the largest irrigation project along the Yellow River in China, and studies the impacts of agricultural water management on the hydrology and the environment. Long-term data (1954–2013) concerning irrigation, drainage, soil salinity, groundwater, and the environment of Wuliangsuhai Wetland, the lake that receives the drainage water, were collected and analyzed. The findings show that uncontrolled irrigation and the absence of effective drainage initially resulted in a rising groundwater table, worsening soil salinization, and the expansion of the lake, which is an important internationally recognized wetland. The completion of an artificial drainage system and the implementation of water-saving practices have had promising effects on lowering the groundwater table and controlling soil salinity. However, the risk of soil salinity is still threatening the irrigation system because salt is continuously accumulating within it and the total dissolved salts (TDS) in the groundwater are increasing. For better soil salinity control, more effective drainage is necessary to drain more salt and lower the water table, but this may harm the natural vegetation and the eco-environment of the Wuliangsuhai Lake because the non-point-source pollution from agricultural drainage has resulted in a serious eco-crisis in the Wuliangsuhai Lake. The results show that it is important to ensure there is a certain amount of low-TDS drainage water to protect the Wuliangsuhai Lake environment. Therefore, a balance must be achieved among soil salinity control, groundwater quality, favorable conditions for natural vegetation, and wetland protection. Further research is needed to develop optimal agricultural water management strategies, especially in the context of the ongoing water-saving renovation program.
Dan Li; Jianyun Zhang; Guoqing Wang; Xiaojun Wang; Jingwei Wu. Impact of changes in water management on hydrology and environment: A case study in North China. Journal of Hydro-environment Research 2019, 28, 75 -84.
AMA StyleDan Li, Jianyun Zhang, Guoqing Wang, Xiaojun Wang, Jingwei Wu. Impact of changes in water management on hydrology and environment: A case study in North China. Journal of Hydro-environment Research. 2019; 28 ():75-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDan Li; Jianyun Zhang; Guoqing Wang; Xiaojun Wang; Jingwei Wu. 2019. "Impact of changes in water management on hydrology and environment: A case study in North China." Journal of Hydro-environment Research 28, no. : 75-84.
Changes in bioclimatic indicators can provide valuable information on how global warming induced climate change can affect humans, ecology and the environment. Trends in thermal bioclimatic indicators over the diverse climate of Iran were assessed in this study to comprehend their spatio-temporal changes in different climates. The gridded temperature data of Princeton Global Meteorological Forcing with a spatial resolution of 0.25° and temporal extent of 1948–2010 was used for this purpose. Autocorrelation and wavelets analyses were conducted to assess the presence of self-similarity and cycles in the data series. The modified version of the Mann–Kendall (MMK) test was employed to estimate unidirectional trends in 11 thermal bioclimatic indicators through removing the influence of natural cycles on trend significance. A large decrease in the number of grid points showing significant trends was noticed for the MMK in respect to the classical Mann–Kendall (MK) test which indicates that the natural variability of the climate should be taken into consideration in bioclimatic trend analyses in Iran. The unidirectional trends obtained using the MMK test revealed changes in almost all of the bioclimatic indicators in different parts of Iran, which indicates rising temperature have significantly affected the bioclimate of the country. The semi-dry region along the Persian Gulf in the south and mountainous region in the northeast were found to be more affected in terms of the changes in a number of bioclimatic indicators.
Sahar Hadi Pour; Ahmad Abd Wahab; Shamsuddin Shahid; Xiaojun Wang. Spatial Pattern of the Unidirectional Trends in Thermal Bioclimatic Indicators in Iran. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2287 .
AMA StyleSahar Hadi Pour, Ahmad Abd Wahab, Shamsuddin Shahid, Xiaojun Wang. Spatial Pattern of the Unidirectional Trends in Thermal Bioclimatic Indicators in Iran. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSahar Hadi Pour; Ahmad Abd Wahab; Shamsuddin Shahid; Xiaojun Wang. 2019. "Spatial Pattern of the Unidirectional Trends in Thermal Bioclimatic Indicators in Iran." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2287.
The presence of long‐term persistence (LTP) in hydro‐climatic time series can lead to considerable change in the significance of trend. Therefore, past findings of climatic trend analysis without considering LTP in time series has become a disputable issue. The objective of this study is to assess the spatial patterns in the trends of annual and seasonal rainfall amounts and extremes in Peninsular Malaysia considering LTP. Daily rainfall data of APHRODITE (Asian Precipitation ‐ Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation) for the period 1951‐2007 was used to assess the trends using classical Mann‐Kendall (MK) test and the modified version of Mann‐Kendall (MMK) test, which can remove the influence of LTP in significance of trends. The results indicate that significant trends in different rainfall indices of Peninsular Malaysia obtained using MK test reduced drastically when LTP was taken into consideration. There was almost no change in annual and seasonal rainfall amounts, which contradicts with the findings of previous studies. Field significance of regional trends revealed increase in wet spells at an average rate of 4.8 and 4.9 days/decade in the Southeast and the Southwest respectively during Northeast Monsoon, decrease in rainy days by ‐1.4 days/decade in the North and increase in dry spells by 1.0 day/decade in the Southeast and maximum one‐day rainfall by 1.7 mm/decade in the West Coast during Southwest Monsoon. The results indicate that the trends in rainfall indices reported in the maritime continent in previous studies should be re‐evaluated as most of those are due to LTP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Najeebullah Khan; Sahar Hadi Pour; Shamsuddin Shahid; Tarmizi Ismail; Kamal Ahmed; Eun‐Sung Chung; Nadeem Nawaz; Xiao‐Jun Wang. Spatial distribution of secular trends in rainfall indices of Peninsular Malaysia in the presence of long‐term persistence. Meteorological Applications 2019, 26, 655 -670.
AMA StyleNajeebullah Khan, Sahar Hadi Pour, Shamsuddin Shahid, Tarmizi Ismail, Kamal Ahmed, Eun‐Sung Chung, Nadeem Nawaz, Xiao‐Jun Wang. Spatial distribution of secular trends in rainfall indices of Peninsular Malaysia in the presence of long‐term persistence. Meteorological Applications. 2019; 26 (4):655-670.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNajeebullah Khan; Sahar Hadi Pour; Shamsuddin Shahid; Tarmizi Ismail; Kamal Ahmed; Eun‐Sung Chung; Nadeem Nawaz; Xiao‐Jun Wang. 2019. "Spatial distribution of secular trends in rainfall indices of Peninsular Malaysia in the presence of long‐term persistence." Meteorological Applications 26, no. 4: 655-670.
Droughts are more damaging when they occur during crop growing season. This research assessed the spatial distribution of drought risks to crops in Bangladesh. Catastrophe theory-based weighting method was used to estimate drought hazard, exposure, and risk by avoiding potential human bias. Ten major crops, including eight different types of rice, wheat, and potato, were selected for evaluation of drought risk. Results showed that 32.4%, 27.2%, and 16.2% of land in Bangladesh is prone to extreme Kharif (May-October), Rabi (November-April), and pre-Kharif (March-May) droughts, respectively. Among the major crops, Hybrid Boro rice cultivated in 18.2% of the area is found to be highly vulnerable to droughts, which is followed by High Yield Varity (HYV) Boro (16.9%), Transplant Aman (16.4%), HYV Aman (14.1%), and Basic Aman (12.4%) rice. Hybrid Boro rice in 12 districts, different varieties of Aman rice in 10 districts, and HYV Boro rice in 9 districts, mostly located in the north and northwest of Bangladesh, are exposed to high risk of droughts. High frequency of droughts and use of more land for agriculture have made the region highly prone to droughts. The methodology adopted in this study can be utilized for unbiased estimation of drought risk in agriculture in order to adopt necessary risk reduction measures.
Mahiuddin Alamgir; Morteza Mohsenipour; Rajab Homsi; Xiaojun Wang; Shamsuddin Shahid; Mohammed Sanusi Shiru; Nor Eliza Alias; Ali Yuzir. Parametric Assessment of Seasonal Drought Risk to Crop Production in Bangladesh. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1442 .
AMA StyleMahiuddin Alamgir, Morteza Mohsenipour, Rajab Homsi, Xiaojun Wang, Shamsuddin Shahid, Mohammed Sanusi Shiru, Nor Eliza Alias, Ali Yuzir. Parametric Assessment of Seasonal Drought Risk to Crop Production in Bangladesh. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahiuddin Alamgir; Morteza Mohsenipour; Rajab Homsi; Xiaojun Wang; Shamsuddin Shahid; Mohammed Sanusi Shiru; Nor Eliza Alias; Ali Yuzir. 2019. "Parametric Assessment of Seasonal Drought Risk to Crop Production in Bangladesh." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1442.
The performance of three satellite-based high-resolution gridded rainfall datasets, namely the gauge corrected Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), and the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) in the hot desert climate of Egypt were assessed. Seven statistical indices including four categorical indices were used to assess the capability of the products in estimating the daily rainfall amounts and detecting the occurrences of rainfall under different intensity classes from March 2014 to May 2018. Although the products were gauge-corrected, none of them showed a consistent performance, and thus could not be titled as the best or worst performing product over Egypt. The CHIRPS was found to be the best product in estimating rainfall amounts when all rainfall events were considered and IMERG was found as the worst. However, IMERG was better at detecting the occurrence of rainfall than CHIRPS. For heavy rainfall events, IMERG was better at the majority of the stations in terms of the Kling–Gupta efficiency index (−0.34) and skill-score (0.33). The IMERG was able to show the spatial variability of rainfall during the recent big flash flood event that hit Northern Egypt. The study indicates that accurate estimation of rainfall in the hot desert climate using satellite sensors remains a challenge.
Mohamed Salem Nashwan; Shamsuddin Shahid; Xiaojun Wang. Assessment of Satellite-Based Precipitation Measurement Products over the Hot Desert Climate of Egypt. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 555 .
AMA StyleMohamed Salem Nashwan, Shamsuddin Shahid, Xiaojun Wang. Assessment of Satellite-Based Precipitation Measurement Products over the Hot Desert Climate of Egypt. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (5):555.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Salem Nashwan; Shamsuddin Shahid; Xiaojun Wang. 2019. "Assessment of Satellite-Based Precipitation Measurement Products over the Hot Desert Climate of Egypt." Remote Sensing 11, no. 5: 555.
This study assessed the uncertainty in the spatial pattern of rainfall trends in six widely used monthly gridded rainfall datasets for 1979–2010. Bangladesh is considered as the case study area where changes in rainfall are the highest concern due to global warming-induced climate change. The evaluation was based on the ability of the gridded data to estimate the spatial patterns of the magnitude and significance of annual and seasonal rainfall trends estimated using Mann–Kendall (MK) and modified MK (mMK) tests at 34 gauges. A set of statistical indices including Kling–Gupta efficiency, modified index of agreement (md), skill score (SS), and Jaccard similarity index (JSI) were used. The results showed a large variation in the spatial patterns of rainfall trends obtained using different gridded datasets. Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) data was found to be the most suitable rainfall data for the assessment of annual and seasonal rainfall trends in Bangladesh which showed a JSI, md, and SS of 22%, 0.61, and 0.73, respectively, when compared with the observed annual trend. Assessment of long-term trend in rainfall (1901–2017) using mMK test revealed no change in annual rainfall and changes in seasonal rainfall only at a few grid points in Bangladesh over the last century.
Mohamed Salem Nashwan; Shamsuddin Shahid; Xiaojun Wang. Uncertainty in Estimated Trends Using Gridded Rainfall Data: A Case Study of Bangladesh. Water 2019, 11, 349 .
AMA StyleMohamed Salem Nashwan, Shamsuddin Shahid, Xiaojun Wang. Uncertainty in Estimated Trends Using Gridded Rainfall Data: A Case Study of Bangladesh. Water. 2019; 11 (2):349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Salem Nashwan; Shamsuddin Shahid; Xiaojun Wang. 2019. "Uncertainty in Estimated Trends Using Gridded Rainfall Data: A Case Study of Bangladesh." Water 11, no. 2: 349.