Exploring the dynamic relationship and coupling coordination between urban industrial co-agglomeration and intensive land use is vital to ensure high-quality urban development. Based on an industrial co-agglomeration model, a revised intensive land use model, and a coupling coordination model, this paper comprehensively measured the urban industrial co-agglomeration and intensive land use coupling coordination in eight cities in the Chengdu metropolitan area from 2004 to 2018. It was found that despite the structural adjustment of the secondary and tertiary industries during the study period, the industrial co-agglomeration in the Chengdu metropolitan area fluctuated, the intensive urban land use had spatial characteristics that were decreasing from the center to the periphery, and while the general coupling coordination level was increasing, the increase rate in each city was different. The coupling coordination between the urban industry co-agglomeration and the intensive land use was found to have “low-high-low” spatial characteristics from the southwest to the northeast of the Chengdu metropolitan area, which revealed the core position of Chengdu. Suggestions are provided to improve the industrial co-agglomeration and intensive urban land use coupling coordination.