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Prof. Dr. Md. Akhtaruzzaman
Assoc prof

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0 Organic Electronics
0 Materials Chemistry
0 semiconducting minerlas
0 Solar Cells and PV systems
0 organic chemisrty

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Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Tungsten disulfide (WS2) thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at different Ar flow rates (3 to 7 sccm). The effect of Ar flow rates on the structural, morphology, and electrical properties of the WS2 thin films was investigated thoroughly. Structural analysis exhibited that all the as-grown films showed the highest peak at (101) plane corresponds to rhombohedral phase. The crystalline size of the film ranged from 11.2 to 35.6 nm, while dislocation density ranged from 7.8 × 1014 to 26.29 × 1015 lines/m2. All these findings indicate that as-grown WS2 films are induced with various degrees of defects, which were visible in the FESEM images. FESEM images also identified the distorted crystallographic structure for all the films except the film deposited at 5 sccm of Ar gas flow rate. EDX analysis found that all the films were having a sulfur deficit and suggested that WS2 thin film bears edge defects in its structure. Further, electrical analysis confirms that tailoring of structural defects in WS2 thin film can be possible by the varying Ar gas flow rates. All these findings articulate that Ar gas flow rate is one of the important process parameters in RF magnetron sputtering that could affect the morphology, electrical properties, and structural properties of WS2 thin film. Finally, the simulation study validates the experimental results and encourages the use of WS2 as a buffer layer of CdTe-based solar cells.

ACS Style

Akhtaruzzaman; Shahiduzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Ghulam Muhammad; Mohammad Islam; Khan Rafiq; Kamaruzzaman Sopian. Impact of Ar Flow Rates on Micro-Structural Properties of WS2 Thin Film by RF Magnetron Sputtering. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1635 .

AMA Style

Akhtaruzzaman, Shahiduzzaman, Nowshad Amin, Ghulam Muhammad, Mohammad Islam, Khan Rafiq, Kamaruzzaman Sopian. Impact of Ar Flow Rates on Micro-Structural Properties of WS2 Thin Film by RF Magnetron Sputtering. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (7):1635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akhtaruzzaman; Shahiduzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Ghulam Muhammad; Mohammad Islam; Khan Rafiq; Kamaruzzaman Sopian. 2021. "Impact of Ar Flow Rates on Micro-Structural Properties of WS2 Thin Film by RF Magnetron Sputtering." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7: 1635.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Scientific Reports
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In this study, the extraction conditions extracted maximize amounts of phenolic and bioactive compounds from the fruit extract of Ficus auriculata by using optimized response surface methodology. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the assay of radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS as well as reducing power assays on total phenolic content (TPC). For the extraction purpose, the ultrasonic assisted extraction technique was employed. A second-order polynomial model satisfactorily fitted to the experimental findings concerning antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.968, P < 0.0001) and total phenolic content (R2 = 0.961, P < 0.0001), indicating a significant correlation between the experimental and expected value. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was achieved 85.20 ± 0.96% at the optimum extraction parameters of 52.5% ethanol (v/v), 40.0 °C temperature, and 22 min extraction time. Alternatively, the highest yield of total phenolic content was found 31.65 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g DF at the optimum extraction conditions. From the LC–ESI–MS profiling of the optimized extract, 18 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified, which may regulate the antioxidant activity of fruits of F. auriculata.

ACS Style

M. Shahinuzzaman; Parul Akhtar; N. Amin; Yunus Ahmed; Farah Hannan Anuar; H. Misran; Akhtaruzzaman. New insights of phenolic compounds from optimized fruit extract of Ficus auriculata. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -14.

AMA Style

M. Shahinuzzaman, Parul Akhtar, N. Amin, Yunus Ahmed, Farah Hannan Anuar, H. Misran, Akhtaruzzaman. New insights of phenolic compounds from optimized fruit extract of Ficus auriculata. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Shahinuzzaman; Parul Akhtar; N. Amin; Yunus Ahmed; Farah Hannan Anuar; H. Misran; Akhtaruzzaman. 2021. "New insights of phenolic compounds from optimized fruit extract of Ficus auriculata." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Solar Energy
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Tungsten oxide (WOx) has been widely investigated due to mainly its optoelectronic properties. This study primarily aimed to examine the influence of oxygen concentration on the structural and optical properties of WOx films. Herein, WOx thin films have been prepared by reactive sputtering method at low power (50 W) while controlling the Ar:O2 gas flow rate to vary oxygen concentration. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis reveals that the oxygen concentration depends on the gas flow rate. Such oxygen concentration changes affect the film’s thickness, confirmed by the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis ensures the dependency of surface roughness of the films on the oxygen concentration. The developed films exhibit the amorphous state as validated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy measurement was also conducted to determine transmittance and absorbance of the film, which further allows realizing necessary optical parameters, such as absorption coefficient, skin depth, energy bandgap, refractive index, extinction coefficient, etc. The oxygen concentration-dependent optical parameters are investigated in the spectral range of UV to near-infrared regions to ensure the use of WOx for optoelectronic device applications. Finally, we considered the optimized WOx film as a potential electron transport layer (ETL) to realize an efficient perovskite solar cell. The optics and optimization of this solar cell were studied by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The investigation allows us to calculate the maximum quantum efficiency (QE) and short-circuit current density (JSC) of ~90% and 22.1 mA/cm2, respectively.

ACS Style

Samiya Mahjabin; Mahfuzul Haque; Sobayel Khan; Vidhya Selvanathan; M.S. Jamal; M.S. Bashar; Hend I. Alkhammash; Mohammad Ismail Hossain; Shahiduzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Akhtaruzzaman. Effects of oxygen concentration variation on the structural and optical properties of reactive sputtered WOx thin film. Solar Energy 2021, 222, 202 -211.

AMA Style

Samiya Mahjabin, Mahfuzul Haque, Sobayel Khan, Vidhya Selvanathan, M.S. Jamal, M.S. Bashar, Hend I. Alkhammash, Mohammad Ismail Hossain, Shahiduzzaman, Nowshad Amin, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Akhtaruzzaman. Effects of oxygen concentration variation on the structural and optical properties of reactive sputtered WOx thin film. Solar Energy. 2021; 222 ():202-211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samiya Mahjabin; Mahfuzul Haque; Sobayel Khan; Vidhya Selvanathan; M.S. Jamal; M.S. Bashar; Hend I. Alkhammash; Mohammad Ismail Hossain; Shahiduzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Akhtaruzzaman. 2021. "Effects of oxygen concentration variation on the structural and optical properties of reactive sputtered WOx thin film." Solar Energy 222, no. : 202-211.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Recent achievements, based on lead (Pb) halide perovskites, have prompted comprehensive research on low-cost photovoltaics, in order to avoid the major challenges that arise in this respect: Stability and toxicity. In this study, device modelling of lead (Pb)-free perovskite solar cells has been carried out considering methyl ammonium tin bromide (CH3NH3SnBr3) as perovskite absorber layer. The perovskite structure has been justified theoretically by Goldschmidt tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. Numerical modelling tools were used to investigate the effects of amphoteric defect and interface defect states on the photovoltaic parameters of CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cell. The study identifies the density of defect tolerance in the absorber layer, and that both the interfaces are 1015 cm−3, and 1014 cm−3, respectively. Furthermore, the simulation evaluates the influences of metal work function, uniform donor density in the electron transport layer and the impact of series resistance on the photovoltaic parameters of proposed n-TiO2/i-CH3NH3SnBr3/p-NiO solar cell. Considering all the optimization parameters, CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cell exhibits the highest efficiency of 21.66% with the Voc of 0.80 V, Jsc of 31.88 mA/cm2 and Fill Factor of 84.89%. These results divulge the development of environmentally friendly methyl ammonium tin bromide perovskite solar cell.

ACS Style

Samiul Islam; K. Sobayel; Ammar Al-Kahtani; M. Islam; Ghulam Muhammad; N. Amin; Shahiduzzaman; Akhtaruzzaman. Defect Study and Modelling of SnX3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with SCAPS-1D. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1218 .

AMA Style

Samiul Islam, K. Sobayel, Ammar Al-Kahtani, M. Islam, Ghulam Muhammad, N. Amin, Shahiduzzaman, Akhtaruzzaman. Defect Study and Modelling of SnX3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with SCAPS-1D. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (5):1218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samiul Islam; K. Sobayel; Ammar Al-Kahtani; M. Islam; Ghulam Muhammad; N. Amin; Shahiduzzaman; Akhtaruzzaman. 2021. "Defect Study and Modelling of SnX3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with SCAPS-1D." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5: 1218.

Paper
Published: 19 April 2021 in RSC Advances
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Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a potential candidate for large-scale and low-cost photovoltaic devices.

ACS Style

M. S. Chowdhury; Kazi Sajedur Rahman; Vidhya Selvanathan; A. K. Mahmud Hasan; M. S. Jamal; Nurul Asma Samsudin; Akhtaruzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Kuaanan Techato. Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells. RSC Advances 2021, 11, 14534 -14541.

AMA Style

M. S. Chowdhury, Kazi Sajedur Rahman, Vidhya Selvanathan, A. K. Mahmud Hasan, M. S. Jamal, Nurul Asma Samsudin, Akhtaruzzaman, Nowshad Amin, Kuaanan Techato. Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells. RSC Advances. 2021; 11 (24):14534-14541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. S. Chowdhury; Kazi Sajedur Rahman; Vidhya Selvanathan; A. K. Mahmud Hasan; M. S. Jamal; Nurul Asma Samsudin; Akhtaruzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Kuaanan Techato. 2021. "Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells." RSC Advances 11, no. 24: 14534-14541.

Original research
Published: 13 April 2021 in Cellulose
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Starch and cellulose have long been used in various industrial applications as gelating agents. In this work, the intrinsic adhesive properties of these biopolymers are exploited for application as electrolytes in DSSC. Firstly, potato starch was chemically modified into phthaloyl starch in a facile esterification process. Fabrication of polymer electrolyte with phthaloyl starch (PhSt) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) incorporated with dimethylformamide and tetrapropylammonium iodide produced homogeneous gels with diminished crystallinity. Infusion of different weight percentages of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BMII) into the gels were revealed to further suppress polymer crystallinity and elevate ionic conductivity. Rheological analysis revealed that addition of up to 6 wt% of ionic liquid aid in elevating the rigidity, strength and tackiness of the gels. The improved adhesiveness of the gels can be correlated to effective reduction of interfacial resistance and restraining of recombination reactions based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Quasi-solid DSSC fabricated with PhSt-HEC with 8 wt% of BMII exhibited enhanced short-circuit current density, JSC and fill factor, contributing to an optimized efficiency of 5.20%.

ACS Style

Vidhya Selvanathan; Rosiyah Yahya; Shahiduzzaman; Mohd. Hafidz Ruslan; Ghulam Muhammad; Nowshad Amin; Akhtaruzzaman. Ionic liquid infused starch-cellulose derivative based quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cell: exploiting the rheological properties of natural polymers. Cellulose 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Vidhya Selvanathan, Rosiyah Yahya, Shahiduzzaman, Mohd. Hafidz Ruslan, Ghulam Muhammad, Nowshad Amin, Akhtaruzzaman. Ionic liquid infused starch-cellulose derivative based quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cell: exploiting the rheological properties of natural polymers. Cellulose. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vidhya Selvanathan; Rosiyah Yahya; Shahiduzzaman; Mohd. Hafidz Ruslan; Ghulam Muhammad; Nowshad Amin; Akhtaruzzaman. 2021. "Ionic liquid infused starch-cellulose derivative based quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cell: exploiting the rheological properties of natural polymers." Cellulose , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2021 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Fabrication of quasi-solid state polymer electrolytes are recently being endorsed by electrochemists due to its superior electrical and physical properties. With the aspiration to develop a sustainable electrolyte component, this study is a novel attempt to fabricate quasi-solid electrolyte based on esterified starch. Potato starch was chemically modified via simple phthaloylation method. The resulting amorphous, hydrophobic starch derivative was used as a polymer base to prepare cost effective thermoplastic gel electrolytes via incorporation of propylene carbonate, dimethylformamide and lithium iodide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction characterizations verified the impact of phthaloylation and plasticization in suppressing the crystallinity and hydrophilicity of starch. The biopolymer gel with 40 wt.% LiI recorded the highest room temperature ionic conductivity of 4.82 mS cm−1. The sample with highest ionic conductivity recorded the best efficiency of 3.56%, which is one of the highest values for starch electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The optimized efficiency indicate that starch-based electrolyte has good prospects for fabrication of quasi-solid DSSC.

ACS Style

Vidhya Selvanathan; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Ammar Ahmed Nasser Alkahtani; Nowshad Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Ghulam Muhammad; Akhtaruzzaman. Organosoluble, esterified starch as quasi-solid biopolymer electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cell. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021, 12, 1638 -1648.

AMA Style

Vidhya Selvanathan, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Alkahtani, Nowshad Amin, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Ghulam Muhammad, Akhtaruzzaman. Organosoluble, esterified starch as quasi-solid biopolymer electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cell. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021; 12 ():1638-1648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vidhya Selvanathan; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Ammar Ahmed Nasser Alkahtani; Nowshad Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Ghulam Muhammad; Akhtaruzzaman. 2021. "Organosoluble, esterified starch as quasi-solid biopolymer electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cell." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 12, no. : 1638-1648.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in Sustainability
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In recent years, the green chemistry based-approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles has shown tremendous promise as an alternative to the costly and environmentally unfriendly chemically synthesized nanoparticles. In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized through a green approach using the water extract of papaya (Carica papaya L.) peel biowaste as reducing as well as stabilizing agents, and copper (II) nitrate trihydrate salt as a precursor. The structural properties, crystallinity, purity, morphology, and the chemical composition of as-synthesized CuO NPs were analyzed using different analytical methods. The analytical results revealed that the synthesized CuO was observed as spherical-like in particles with measured sizes ranging from 85–140 nm and has monoclinic crystalline phase with good purity. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic results confirmed the formation of the Cu-O bond through the involvement of the potential functional groups of biomolecules in papaya peel extract. Regarding photocatalytic activity, the green-synthesized CuO NPs were employed as a photocatalyst for the degradation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) beneath the ultraviolet (UV) light and results showed 66% degradation of the POME was achieved after 3 h exposure to UV irradiation. The phytotoxicity experiment using mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seed also showed a reduction of toxicity after photodegradation.

ACS Style

You-Kang Phang; Mohammod Aminuzzaman; Akhtaruzzaman; Ghulam Muhammad; Sayaka Ogawa; Akira Watanabe; Lai-Hock Tey. Green Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles Derived from Papaya Peel Extract for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Sustainability 2021, 13, 796 .

AMA Style

You-Kang Phang, Mohammod Aminuzzaman, Akhtaruzzaman, Ghulam Muhammad, Sayaka Ogawa, Akira Watanabe, Lai-Hock Tey. Green Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles Derived from Papaya Peel Extract for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

You-Kang Phang; Mohammod Aminuzzaman; Akhtaruzzaman; Ghulam Muhammad; Sayaka Ogawa; Akira Watanabe; Lai-Hock Tey. 2021. "Green Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles Derived from Papaya Peel Extract for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 796.

Review article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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The efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly increasing, so that their long-term operational stability has become a major focus for commercialization and market adoption. The development of novel strategies and materials to improve the stability of small and large solar modules without compromising power conversion efficiency (PCE) is an ongoing challenge. Ionic liquids (ILs) are emerging as useful additives, solvents, and charge transport materials for the preparation of highly efficient perovskite films. Perovskite crystallizes slowly in ILs to form large and uniform grains, and PSCs fabricated with high-quality perovskite films are efficient and stable. Herein we review recently developed systemic device engineering, and we discuss the impact of ILs in the production of highly efficient and stable PSCs. This review is intended to serve as a guide to develop highly crystalline perovskite films with larger grains and more homogeneous morphologies, all of which contribute to enhancing the stability of PSC performance. Recent progress in the use of ILs as solvents and additives for PSCs is a significant step toward developing reliable perovskite photovoltaic devices. Finally, we discuss challenges and future research directions for the fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs.

ACS Style

Shahiduzzaman; Ersan Y. Muslih; A.K. Mahmud Hasan; Liangle Wang; Shoko Fukaya; Masahiro Nakano; Makoto Karakawa; Kohshin Takahashi; Akhtaruzzaman; Jean-Michel Nunzi; Tetsuya Taima. The benefits of ionic liquids for the fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 411, 128461 .

AMA Style

Shahiduzzaman, Ersan Y. Muslih, A.K. Mahmud Hasan, Liangle Wang, Shoko Fukaya, Masahiro Nakano, Makoto Karakawa, Kohshin Takahashi, Akhtaruzzaman, Jean-Michel Nunzi, Tetsuya Taima. The benefits of ionic liquids for the fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 411 ():128461.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahiduzzaman; Ersan Y. Muslih; A.K. Mahmud Hasan; Liangle Wang; Shoko Fukaya; Masahiro Nakano; Makoto Karakawa; Kohshin Takahashi; Akhtaruzzaman; Jean-Michel Nunzi; Tetsuya Taima. 2021. "The benefits of ionic liquids for the fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics." Chemical Engineering Journal 411, no. : 128461.

Article
Published: 04 January 2021 in Nano-Micro Letters
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The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be improved by utilizing efficient front contact. However, it has always been a significant challenge for fabricating high-quality, scalable, controllable, and cost-effective front contact. This study proposes a realistic multi-layer front contact design to realize efficient single-junction PSCs and perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs). As a critical part of the front contact, we prepared a highly compact titanium oxide (TiO2) film by industrially viable Spray Pyrolysis Deposition (SPD), which acts as a potential electron transport layer (ETL) for the fabrication of PSCs. Optimization and reproducibility of the TiO2 ETL were discreetly investigated while fabricating a set of planar PSCs. As the front contact has a significant influence on the optoelectronic properties of PSCs, hence, we investigated the optics and electrical effects of PSCs by three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and finite element method (FEM) rigorous simulations. The investigation allows us to compare experimental results with the outcome from simulations. Furthermore, an optimized single-junction PSC is designed to enhance the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) by > 30% compared to the planar reference PSC. Finally, the study has been progressed to the realization of all-perovskite TSC that can reach the ECE, exceeding 30%. Detailed guidance for the completion of high-performance PSCs is provided.

ACS Style

Shahiduzzaman; Mohammad Ismail Hossain; Sem Visal; Tetsuya Kaneko; Wayesh Qarony; Shinjiro Umezu; Koji Tomita; Satoru Iwamori; Dietmar Knipp; Yuen Hong Tsang; Akhtaruzzaman; Jean-Michel Nunzi; Tetsuya Taima; Masao Isomura. Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. Nano-Micro Letters 2021, 13, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Shahiduzzaman, Mohammad Ismail Hossain, Sem Visal, Tetsuya Kaneko, Wayesh Qarony, Shinjiro Umezu, Koji Tomita, Satoru Iwamori, Dietmar Knipp, Yuen Hong Tsang, Akhtaruzzaman, Jean-Michel Nunzi, Tetsuya Taima, Masao Isomura. Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. Nano-Micro Letters. 2021; 13 (1):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahiduzzaman; Mohammad Ismail Hossain; Sem Visal; Tetsuya Kaneko; Wayesh Qarony; Shinjiro Umezu; Koji Tomita; Satoru Iwamori; Dietmar Knipp; Yuen Hong Tsang; Akhtaruzzaman; Jean-Michel Nunzi; Tetsuya Taima; Masao Isomura. 2021. "Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells." Nano-Micro Letters 13, no. 1: 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2020 in Ceramics International
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In this study, dilute chemical bath deposition technique has been used to deposit CdZnS thin films on soda-lime glass substrates. The structural, morphological, optoelectronic properties of as-grown films have been investigated as a function of different Zn2+ precursor concentrations. The X-ray diffractogram of CdS thin-film reveals a peak corresponding to (002) plane with wurtzite structure, and the peak shift has been observed with the increase of the Zn2+ concentration upon formation of CdZnS thin film. From morphological studies, it has been revealed that the diluted chemical bath deposition technique provides homogeneous distribution of film on the substrate even at a lower concentration of Zn2+. Optical characterization has shown that the transparency of the film is influenced by Zn2+ concentration and when the Zn2+ concentration is varied from 0 M to 0.0256 M, bandgap values of resulting films range from 2.42 eV to 3.90 eV while. Furthermore, electrical properties have shown that with increasing zinc concentration the resistivity of the film increases. Finally, numerical simulation validates and suggests that CdZnS buffer layer with composition of 0.0032 M Zn2+ concentration would be a promising candidate in CIGS solar cell.

ACS Style

F.T. Munna; Vidhya Selvanathan; K. Sobayel; Ghulam Muhammad; Nilofar Asim; Nowshad Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Akhtaruzzaman. Diluted chemical bath deposition of CdZnS as prospective buffer layer in CIGS solar cell. Ceramics International 2020, 47, 11003 -11009.

AMA Style

F.T. Munna, Vidhya Selvanathan, K. Sobayel, Ghulam Muhammad, Nilofar Asim, Nowshad Amin, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Akhtaruzzaman. Diluted chemical bath deposition of CdZnS as prospective buffer layer in CIGS solar cell. Ceramics International. 2020; 47 (8):11003-11009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.T. Munna; Vidhya Selvanathan; K. Sobayel; Ghulam Muhammad; Nilofar Asim; Nowshad Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Akhtaruzzaman. 2020. "Diluted chemical bath deposition of CdZnS as prospective buffer layer in CIGS solar cell." Ceramics International 47, no. 8: 11003-11009.

Preprint content
Published: 01 December 2020
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In this study, the extraction conditions to maximize the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Ficus auriculata were optimized using response surface methodology. For the purpose of extraction, the Ultrasonic assisted extraction technique was employed. A second-order polynomial model satisfactorily fitted to the experimental findings concerning antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.968, P2 = 0.961, PF. auriculata.

ACS Style

M. Shahinuzzaman; Parul Akhtar; N. Amin; Yunus Ahmed; Farah Anuar; H. Misran; Akhtaruzzaman. Extraction Process Optimization, Identification, and Profiling of Phenolic Antioxidant Compounds from the Fruits of Ficus auriculata. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

M. Shahinuzzaman, Parul Akhtar, N. Amin, Yunus Ahmed, Farah Anuar, H. Misran, Akhtaruzzaman. Extraction Process Optimization, Identification, and Profiling of Phenolic Antioxidant Compounds from the Fruits of Ficus auriculata. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Shahinuzzaman; Parul Akhtar; N. Amin; Yunus Ahmed; Farah Anuar; H. Misran; Akhtaruzzaman. 2020. "Extraction Process Optimization, Identification, and Profiling of Phenolic Antioxidant Compounds from the Fruits of Ficus auriculata." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2020 in Polymers
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A starch-resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF)-lithium triflate (LiTf) based biodegradable polymer electrolyte membrane was synthesized via the solution casting technique. The formation of RF crosslinks in the starch matrix was found to repress the starch’s crystallinity as indicated by the XRD data. Incorporation of the RF plasticizer improved the conductivity greatly, with the highest room-temperature conductivity recorded being 4.29 × 10−4 S cm−1 achieved by the starch:LiTf:RF (20 wt.%:20 wt.%:60 wt.%) composition. The enhancement in ionic conductivity was an implication of the increase in the polymeric amorphous region concurrent with the suppression of the starch’s crystallinity. Chemical complexation between the plasticizer, starch, and lithium salt components in the electrolyte was confirmed by FTIR spectra.

ACS Style

Vidhya Selvanathan; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Mohammod Aminuzzaman; Ghulam Muhammad; N. Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Akhtaruzzaman. Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) as a Novel Plasticizer for Starch-Based Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte. Polymers 2020, 12, 2170 .

AMA Style

Vidhya Selvanathan, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, Mohammod Aminuzzaman, Ghulam Muhammad, N. Amin, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Akhtaruzzaman. Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) as a Novel Plasticizer for Starch-Based Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte. Polymers. 2020; 12 (9):2170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vidhya Selvanathan; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Mohammod Aminuzzaman; Ghulam Muhammad; N. Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Akhtaruzzaman. 2020. "Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) as a Novel Plasticizer for Starch-Based Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte." Polymers 12, no. 9: 2170.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Coatings
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In this paper, Zn1-xMgxS thin films were co-sputtered on glass substrates using ZnS and MgS binary target materials under various applied RF power. The compositional ratio of Zn1-xMgxS films was varied by changing the RF power at an elevated temperature of 200 °C. The structural and optical properties were studied in detail. The structural analysis shows that the co-sputtered Zn1-xMgxS thin films have a cubic phase with preferred orientation along the (111) plane. The lattice constant and ionicity suggest the presence of a zincblende structure in Zn1-xMgxS thin films. Zn1-xMgxS thin films have transmittance over 76%. The extrapolation of optical characteristics indicates that direct bandgaps, ranging from 4.39 to 3.25 eV, have been achieved for the grown Zn1-xMgxS films, which are desirable for buffer or window layers of thin film photovoltaics.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shahriar Bashar; Yulisa Yusoff; Siti Fazlili Abdullah; Mashudur Rahaman; Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan; Abdul Gafur; Farid Ahmed; Akhtaruzzaman; Nowshad Amin. An Investigation on Structural and Optical Properties of Zn1-xMgxS Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Co-Sputtering Technique. Coatings 2020, 10, 766 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Shahriar Bashar, Yulisa Yusoff, Siti Fazlili Abdullah, Mashudur Rahaman, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, Abdul Gafur, Farid Ahmed, Akhtaruzzaman, Nowshad Amin. An Investigation on Structural and Optical Properties of Zn1-xMgxS Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Co-Sputtering Technique. Coatings. 2020; 10 (8):766.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shahriar Bashar; Yulisa Yusoff; Siti Fazlili Abdullah; Mashudur Rahaman; Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan; Abdul Gafur; Farid Ahmed; Akhtaruzzaman; Nowshad Amin. 2020. "An Investigation on Structural and Optical Properties of Zn1-xMgxS Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Co-Sputtering Technique." Coatings 10, no. 8: 766.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2020 in Solar Energy
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Device modelling of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell with tungsten di-suphide (WS2) as a window layer has been carried out in order to achieve higher conversion efficiency. Conversion efficiency for all band-gap energies of CIGS were calculated based on proposed new CIGS/WS2 structure. Numerical modelling tools were used to investigate the effects conduction band offset and interface defect state on the photovoltaic parameters of CIGS/WS2 solar cell. The model predicts the density of defect tolerance in the interface is 1 × 1011 cm3. Based on optimization, the highest efficiency of 26.4% has been achieved for CIGS/WS2 solar cell with Eg(CIGS) = 1.4 eV (Voc = 1.026 V, Jsc = 29.57 mA/cm2 and FF = 86.96%) which is better than that of CIGS (23.4%) solar cell. The simulation further identifies that proposed CIGS/WS2 structure is less temperature sensitive compared to conventional Si solar cell. This research paves the way for WS2 thin film as a potential window layer material for CIGS solar cells.

ACS Style

K. Sobayel; M. Shahinuzzaman; N. Amin; M.R. Karim; M.A. Dar; R. Gul; M.A. Alghoul; K. Sopian; A.K.M. Hasan; Akhtaruzzaman. Efficiency enhancement of CIGS solar cell by WS2 as window layer through numerical modelling tool. Solar Energy 2020, 207, 479 -485.

AMA Style

K. Sobayel, M. Shahinuzzaman, N. Amin, M.R. Karim, M.A. Dar, R. Gul, M.A. Alghoul, K. Sopian, A.K.M. Hasan, Akhtaruzzaman. Efficiency enhancement of CIGS solar cell by WS2 as window layer through numerical modelling tool. Solar Energy. 2020; 207 ():479-485.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Sobayel; M. Shahinuzzaman; N. Amin; M.R. Karim; M.A. Dar; R. Gul; M.A. Alghoul; K. Sopian; A.K.M. Hasan; Akhtaruzzaman. 2020. "Efficiency enhancement of CIGS solar cell by WS2 as window layer through numerical modelling tool." Solar Energy 207, no. : 479-485.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in Optik
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CdS is commonly used as a window layer in solar cell structure and is deposited by different growth techniques. In this study, a source-dependent comparative analysis on chemical bath deposition-grown CdS thin film focusing on different sulphur sources, namely, thiourea (NH2SCNH2) and N-methylthiourea (NH2CSNHCH3), was conducted. Moreover, the effect of Zn2+ doping on as-grown CdS film from the abovementioned sulphur sources was examined. Results reveal that the optical transmittance increases with the increase in zinc concentration. The optical bandgap ranges from 2.35 eV to 2.45 eV whilst thiourea is used as sulphur source, and the bandgap ranges from 2.2 eV to 2.4 eV whilst N-methylthiourea (NMT hereinafter) is utilised. Notably, the electrical properties are independent of the difference in sulphur sources. Zn2+-doped CdS thin films with NMT as sulphur source exhibit ideal optoelectrical properties for the usage as window layers in solar cell device applications.

ACS Style

F.T. Munna; P. Chelvanathan; K. Sobayel; K. Nurhafiza; D.K. Sarkar; Majid Nour; Hatem Sindi; M. Rawa; K. Sopian; Nowshad Amin; Akhtaruzzaman. Effect of zinc doping on the optoelectronic properties of cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition by utilising an alternative sulphur precursor. Optik 2020, 218, 165197 .

AMA Style

F.T. Munna, P. Chelvanathan, K. Sobayel, K. Nurhafiza, D.K. Sarkar, Majid Nour, Hatem Sindi, M. Rawa, K. Sopian, Nowshad Amin, Akhtaruzzaman. Effect of zinc doping on the optoelectronic properties of cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition by utilising an alternative sulphur precursor. Optik. 2020; 218 ():165197.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.T. Munna; P. Chelvanathan; K. Sobayel; K. Nurhafiza; D.K. Sarkar; Majid Nour; Hatem Sindi; M. Rawa; K. Sopian; Nowshad Amin; Akhtaruzzaman. 2020. "Effect of zinc doping on the optoelectronic properties of cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition by utilising an alternative sulphur precursor." Optik 218, no. : 165197.

Review
Published: 11 May 2020 in Materials
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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have appeared as a promising design for next-generation thin-film photovoltaics because of their cost-efficient fabrication processes and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, PSCs containing a metal oxide compact layer (CL) suffer from poor long-term stability and performance. The quality of the underlying substrate strongly influences the growth of the perovskite layer. In turn, the perovskite film quality directly affects the efficiency and stability of the resultant PSCs. Thus, substrate modification with metal oxide CLs to produce highly efficient and stable PSCs has drawn attention. In this review, metal oxide-based electron transport layers (ETLs) used in PSCs and their systemic modification are reviewed. The roles of ETLs in the design and fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs are also discussed. This review will guide the further development of perovskite films with larger grains, higher crystallinity, and more homogeneous morphology, which correlate to higher stable PSC performance. The challenges and future research directions for PSCs containing compact ETLs are also described with the goal of improving their sustainability to reach new heights of clean energy production.

ACS Style

Shahiduzzaman; Shoko Fukaya; Ersan Y. Muslih; Liangle Wang; Masahiro Nakano; Akhtaruzzaman; Makoto Karakawa; Kohshin Takahashi; Jean-Michel Nunzi; Tetsuya Taima. Metal Oxide Compact Electron Transport Layer Modification for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials 2020, 13, 2207 .

AMA Style

Shahiduzzaman, Shoko Fukaya, Ersan Y. Muslih, Liangle Wang, Masahiro Nakano, Akhtaruzzaman, Makoto Karakawa, Kohshin Takahashi, Jean-Michel Nunzi, Tetsuya Taima. Metal Oxide Compact Electron Transport Layer Modification for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials. 2020; 13 (9):2207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahiduzzaman; Shoko Fukaya; Ersan Y. Muslih; Liangle Wang; Masahiro Nakano; Akhtaruzzaman; Makoto Karakawa; Kohshin Takahashi; Jean-Michel Nunzi; Tetsuya Taima. 2020. "Metal Oxide Compact Electron Transport Layer Modification for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells." Materials 13, no. 9: 2207.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2020 in Results in Physics
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The fabrication of highly efficient nickel oxide (NiOx) thin film for optoelectronic devices is a challenging task because optoelectronic properties are considerably influenced by deposition technique and film thickness. The effect of thickness on the film properties of electron beam–physical vapour-deposited NiOx thin film has been investigated in this work. The influence of post-annealing treatment on the optoelectronic properties of the film was compared with that of the as-deposited one. Optical transparency gradually decreased upon the successive increment in thickness of the as-deposited and annealed films. The surface roughness of as-deposited films increased linearly with the increase in film thickness, but this behaviour was altered in post-annealed films. Spherical grains with high packing density were observed on the as-deposited films, but the grain size was altered substantially on the post-annealed films. The annealed films presented a higher work function than their corresponding as-deposited films. This work presents important insights into the design of photovoltaic devices with an effective deposition process, including a high material utilisation. Moreover, an attempt of fabricating inverted perovskite solar cell on as-deposited and annealing NiOx film as hole transporting material exhibited power conversion efficiency of 11.98% and 12.28%, individually. It was noticed that the high temperature annealing on NiOx film had a very little impact on the comparative photovoltaic performance of aforementioned PSC devices.

ACS Style

A.K. Mahmud Hasan; K. Sobayel; Itaru Raifuku; Yasuaki Ishikawa; Shahiduzzaman; Majid Nour; Hatem Sindi; Hazim Moria; Muhyaddin Rawa; K. Sopian; N. Amin; Akhtaruzzaman. Optoelectronic properties of electron beam-deposited NiOx thin films for solar cell application. Results in Physics 2020, 17, 103122 .

AMA Style

A.K. Mahmud Hasan, K. Sobayel, Itaru Raifuku, Yasuaki Ishikawa, Shahiduzzaman, Majid Nour, Hatem Sindi, Hazim Moria, Muhyaddin Rawa, K. Sopian, N. Amin, Akhtaruzzaman. Optoelectronic properties of electron beam-deposited NiOx thin films for solar cell application. Results in Physics. 2020; 17 ():103122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A.K. Mahmud Hasan; K. Sobayel; Itaru Raifuku; Yasuaki Ishikawa; Shahiduzzaman; Majid Nour; Hatem Sindi; Hazim Moria; Muhyaddin Rawa; K. Sopian; N. Amin; Akhtaruzzaman. 2020. "Optoelectronic properties of electron beam-deposited NiOx thin films for solar cell application." Results in Physics 17, no. : 103122.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2020 in Polymers
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This work is a pioneer attempt to fabricate quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cell (QSDDSC) based on organosoluble starch derivative. Rheological characterizations of the PhSt-HEC blend based gels exhibited viscoelastic properties favorable for electrolyte fabrication. From amplitude sweep and tack test analyses, it was evident that the inclusion of LiI improved the rigidity and tack property of the gels. On the other hand, the opposite was true for TPAI based gels, which resulted in less rigid and tacky electrolytes. The crystallinity of the gels was found to decline with increasing amount of salt in both systems. The highest photoconversion efficiency of 3.94% was recorded upon addition of 12.5 wt % TPAI and this value is one of the highest DSSC performance recorded for starch based electrolytes. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it is deduced that the steric hindrance imposed by bulky cations aids in hindering recombination between photoanode and electrolyte.

ACS Style

Vidhya Selvanathan; Rosiyah Yahya; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Nowshad Amin; Majid Nour; Hatem Sindi; Muhyaddin Rawa; Akhtaruzzaman. Organosoluble Starch-Cellulose Binary Polymer Blend as a Quasi-Solid Electrolyte in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. Polymers 2020, 12, 516 .

AMA Style

Vidhya Selvanathan, Rosiyah Yahya, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Nowshad Amin, Majid Nour, Hatem Sindi, Muhyaddin Rawa, Akhtaruzzaman. Organosoluble Starch-Cellulose Binary Polymer Blend as a Quasi-Solid Electrolyte in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. Polymers. 2020; 12 (3):516.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vidhya Selvanathan; Rosiyah Yahya; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Nowshad Amin; Majid Nour; Hatem Sindi; Muhyaddin Rawa; Akhtaruzzaman. 2020. "Organosoluble Starch-Cellulose Binary Polymer Blend as a Quasi-Solid Electrolyte in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Polymers 12, no. 3: 516.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was used to deposit tungsten disulfide (WS2) thin films on top of soda lime glass substrates. The deposition power of RF magnetron sputtering varied at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 W to investigate the impact on film characteristics and determine the optimized conditions for suitable application in thin-film solar cells. Morphological, structural, and opto-electronic properties of as-grown films were investigated and analyzed for different deposition powers. All the WS2 films exhibited granular morphology and consisted of a rhombohedral phase with a strong preferential orientation toward the (101) crystal plane. Polycrystalline ultra-thin WS2 films with bandgap of 2.2 eV, carrier concentration of 1.01 × 1019 cm−3, and resistivity of 0.135 Ω-cm were successfully achieved at RF deposition power of 200 W. The optimized WS2 thin film was successfully incorporated as a window layer for the first time in CdTe/WS2 solar cell. Initial investigations revealed that the newly incorporated WS2 window layer in CdTe solar cell demonstrated photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 1.2% with Voc of 379 mV, Jsc of 11.5 mA/cm2, and FF of 27.1%. This study paves the way for WS2 thin film as a potential window layer to be used in thin-film solar cells.

ACS Style

Khan Sobayel Bin Rafiq; N. Amin; Hamad F. Alharbi; Monis Luqman; Afida Ayob; Yahya S. Alharthi; Nabeel H. Alharthi; Badariah Bais; Akhtaruzzaman. WS2: A New Window Layer Material for Solar Cell Application. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Khan Sobayel Bin Rafiq, N. Amin, Hamad F. Alharbi, Monis Luqman, Afida Ayob, Yahya S. Alharthi, Nabeel H. Alharthi, Badariah Bais, Akhtaruzzaman. WS2: A New Window Layer Material for Solar Cell Application. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan Sobayel Bin Rafiq; N. Amin; Hamad F. Alharbi; Monis Luqman; Afida Ayob; Yahya S. Alharthi; Nabeel H. Alharthi; Badariah Bais; Akhtaruzzaman. 2020. "WS2: A New Window Layer Material for Solar Cell Application." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-11.