The current development of science and the contemporary market, combined with high demands from consumers, force manufacturers and scientists to implement new solutions in various industries, including the packaging industry. The emergence of new solutions in the field of intelligent packaging has provided an opportunity to extend the quality of food products and ensures that food will not cause any harm to the consumer’s health. Due to physical, chemical, or biological factors, the state of food may be subject to degradation. The degradation may occur because the packaging, i.e., the protective element of food products, may be damaged during storage, transport, or other logistic and sales activities. This is especially important since most food products are highly perishable, and the maintenance of the quality of a food product is the most critical issue in the entire supply chain. Given the importance of the topic, the main purpose of this article was to provide a general overview of the application of biosensors, sensors, and tags in intelligent packaging used for food products. A short history and the genesis of intelligent packaging are presented, and the individual possibilities of application of sensors, biosensors, gas sensors, and RFID tags, as well as nanotechnology, in the area of the packaging of food products are characterized.

Contemporary trends are focused on the development of the so-called smart, connected and multimedia cars as well as actions in the field of driving autonomy, and these trends may lead to changes in the structure of the industry through the emergence and growth of the importance of new entities. The article presents the concept of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the way it is perceived by users of traditional cars. Surveys were carried out in various age groups on the possibilities of developing AVs in Poland. The group of respondents were inhabitants of a rural area, small towns and cities with over 300,000 inhabitants. Based on our own research, it can be concluded that, due to many different factors, including costs, legal regulations and conviction, among others, AVs will not appear so soon in common use on Polish roads. The results of the research showed that the majority of respondents consider hybrid vehicles (HVs) and then electric vehicles (EVs) to be the dominant type of vehicles in the near future in Poland, at the same time pointing at the long process of adopting AV technology.

Background: Researchers and marketing specialists study consumer behaviour in the market because it is an important part of economics. There is a growing trend among consumers to buy local products. Consumers know that buying local products is seen to support local producers and entrepreneurs and protect the domestic economy. Methods: A diagnostic survey analysis was conducted among 404 respondents from Eastern Poland in 2022 to achieve the research objectives. The aim was to present the specifics of the phenomenon of consumer behaviour in relation to the place of purchase of food products, with particular emphasis on local products, according to the qualitative approach adopted. An attempt was made to identify and evaluate the attitudes and declarations of individual consumers in this area. A questionnaire was used as the research tool, and its distribution was carried out entirely electronically via the Internet. Results: The study showed that shopping habits vary by location and age, with hypermarkets and local stores popular among both men and women, while online shopping and wholesale options were also common. Conclusions: Understanding how consumers make decisions is a complex task, as it involves various factors such as thoughts, emotions and actions that lead to product selection and purchase. These factors can vary based on demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, and location. Studies have shown that Polish consumers are more likely to buy local products from large chain stores than from smaller manufacturer-owned stores, and prefer domestically produced goods, which is reflected in an ethnocentric attitude toward the local market.

New technologies reaching out for meeting the needs of an aging population in developed countries have given rise to the development and gradual implementation of the concept of an autonomous vehicle (AV) and have even made it a necessity and an important business paradigm. However, in parallel, there is a discussion about consumer preferences and the willingness to pay for new car technologies and intelligent vehicle options. The main aim of the study was to analyze the impact of selected factors on the perception of the future of autonomous cars by respondents from the area of Southeastern Poland in terms of a comparison with traditional cars, with particular emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of this concept. The research presented in this study was conducted in 2019 among a group of 579 respondents. Data analysis made it possible to identify potential advantages and disadvantages of the concept of introducing autonomous cars. A positive result of the survey is that 68% of respondents stated that AV will be gradually introduced to our market, which confirms the high acceptance of this technology by Poles. The obtained research results may be valuable information for governmental and local authorities, but also for car manufacturers and their future users. It is an important issue in the area of shaping the strategy of actions concerning further directions of development on the automotive market.

The automotive market has been developing very dynamically recently. Contemporary trends focus on the development of the so-called intelligent vehicles, often combined with modern technology and supporting systems. Cars with a large scope of operation in terms of driving autonomy can increasingly be found. These types of solutions can lead to changes in production processes through the emergence and growing importance of new concepts and technologies. The article presents the concept of BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) and PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) vehicles in relation to modern solutions and their levels of autonomy. The research was conducted in various groups of respondents, while the analyses were carried out mainly with the use of two grouping variables: gender and place of residence. Based on our own research, it can be concluded that due to many different factors, most respondents believe that PHEV hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles (BEV) are currently, and will most likely be in the near future, the dominant type of vehicles appearing on roads in Poland, at the same time indicating the level of advancement of autonomy as average (mainly level 1, 2 and 3).

Circular economy (CE) is a model that is gaining significance in the context of sustainable development and environmental protection, focusing on minimizing waste generation and maximizing the use of available resources through recycling and extending product life cycles. The implementation of CE in various European Union countries demonstrates diverse approaches to resource management, waste production, and energy efficiency improvement. These differences primarily stem from varying strategies, national policies, levels of social awareness, and technological advancements. The article identifies the key challenges and barriers associated with CE implementation in selected countries—Poland, the Netherlands, and Romania—and highlights specific areas requiring improvement and adaptation. It emphasizes the critical role of aligning national policies with the EU guidelines, promoting ecological education, and investing in innovative technologies and solutions that support sustainable development. Additionally, it points to the need for developing appropriate waste management infrastructure and encouraging businesses and consumers to change habits and engage in pro-environmental actions.