Teaching and learning methods play an important role in promoting sustainability in tourism education. However, previous studies mainly focus on sustainability in tourism. This qualitative survey provides an overview of how sustainable development and tourism education are taught and learned in higher education institutions. It aims to support the selection of teaching and learning approaches and methods for educating sustainability-driven tourism at universities. The materials were selected based on keywords in tourism education. The study describes 32 articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals from 2000 to 2022. The content of the articles was analyzed in detail using qualitative content analysis. Collaborative and interdisciplinary learning and case study teaching, alongside problem-based learning and experiential learning (outdoor learning), were utilized in 10 and 6 articles, respectively. Developing collaborative and interdisciplinary learning skills, developing systems thinking skills, developing experiential learning skills, and developing techniques for increasing environmental awareness were the key points of teaching and learning methods to promote sustainability in tourism education. Behavioral Change Wheel (BCW) in tourism should be implemented in school education to reach sustainable development goals and to support sustainable development.

The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical framework by integrating the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory with environmental awareness in measuring Chinese university students’ environmentally sustainable behavior toward tourism destinations. University students tend to engage in sustainability efforts since their values and beliefs are still being formed. The participants were 301 university students from a university in eastern China. The empirical findings demonstrate that: (1) environmental awareness has positive influences on biospheric value, altruistic value and egoistic value; (2) biospheric value positively predicts the new ecological paradigm (NEP), whereas altruistic and egoistic values do not; (3) the NEP, awareness of consequence and personal norms play an important mediating role. Results indicate that extended VBN can explain students’ environmentally sustainable behavior. This research supports the growth of sustainable tourism and has a number of practical implications for universities and the relevant environmental departments to promote university students’ involvement in sustainable tourism.

The quality and scale of urbanization development are the two main aspects in China’s current urbanization process. By measuring and analyzing the level differences in these two aspects, the healthy development of China’s urbanization and urban–rural integration will be promoted. Based on the quality of urbanization and the scale of urbanization, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for urbanization coordination level. On this basis, this paper analyzes the spatial correlation, spatial difference, and spatial pattern evolution characteristics of urbanization coordination level in 286 sample cities nationwide from 2005 to 2015. Then, by introducing the spatial econometric regression model, this paper discusses the driving mechanism of the spatial and temporal evolution of urbanization coordination level. The results show that: (1) The level of coordination between urbanization quality and urbanization scale shows a strong spatial correlation in space, which is consistent with the actual development status; (2) the level of urbanization coordination shows a trend of evolution from northeast to southwest in the evolution of spatial pattern, but the extent of change is small; and (3) the spatial and temporal pattern of urbanization coordination level is affected by different driving forces, of which internal source is the primary impact factor, followed by administrative level and investment level. In addition, the level of urbanization coordination has a positive spillover effect on the level of urbanization coordination in adjacent areas.

With advancements in urbanization, natural lands are constantly being encroached upon by artificial impervious surfaces, leading to serious ecosystem damage. Calls for Green Infrastructure to address urban environmental issues and resource reallocation are growing. How to optimize Green Infrastructure networks are becoming increasingly important under rapid urbanization. In this study, we used the main city zone in Hangzhou as the study area, and we extracted 2000, 2010 and 2020 land-use data. We used morphological spatial pattern analysis to identify Green Infrastructure landscape types and further extract Green Infrastructure elements. We identified the spatial priority of Green Infrastructure network elements through landscape connectivity evaluation according to ecological importance and development vulnerability. After the construction of a Green Infrastructure network, we analyzed its spatio-temporal characteristics to determine the Green Infrastructure network’s spatial priority. Through spatial prioritization, the gradual construction and optimization of Green Infrastructure networks will help to improve urban green spaces in stages. Smartly coordinating urban growth and ecological protection based on Green Infrastructure spatial prioritization may help improve urban living environments and enhance sustainable urban development capabilities. In conclusion, sources dominate corridors and codes are changing. If sources are fragmented, the integration degree decreases and the first-level source advantage is weakened. The corridor morphology continuously develops, and the corridor structure stabilizes. Second-level corridors gradually replace third-level corridors to guide Green Infrastructure network structure development. Codes present a scatter distribution and tend to average, closely following corridor change.

The sustainable development of tourism is essential for revitalizing historically and culturally significant ancient villages in China. Despite the longstanding recognition of the relationship between the spatial distribution of village destinations and their sustainable development, there is a dearth of longitudinal studies in village tourism. Using the geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis method and the exploratory spatial data analysis model, this study explored the spatial-temporal features of ancient village tourism over three important time nodes of rural tourism development (in Zhejiang, China), as well as the contributing factors at both the provincial and prefectural city levels. The findings of this study suggested a spatial inequality in the distribution of ancient villages, in terms of tourism development over time. In particular, tourism development was clustered in the southern region, with a noticeable spillover effect. Meanwhile, transportation, source markets, and physical topography are essential factors contributing to this spatial distribution. The study contributes to ancient village tourism development literature and offers meaningful, practical implications for regional governments and business investors.