Different percentages of CuO and ZnO were added into a local kaolin ceramic-based powder (DD3) with and without ZrO₂. The modified powders were first characterized, then, a test for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes with orange II (OII) was carried out. The DD3 powders that were obtained with the addition of ZrO₂, ZnO, and CuO, were prepared by two different methods and have shown a large and very fast photocatalytic activity. Discoloration ratios of about 93.6% and 100% were reached after 15 min and 45 min, for CuO and ZnO respectively. Finally, an alternative photocatalysis mechanism, based purely on chemical reaction processes, is proposed. The photocatalysis results with modified powders are compared with the results obtained with thin films, made with the same materials.

In the present research, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were fabricated using the solid-state technique, then all of the aluminum materials were added in three ratios that are (0, 1, 2, and 3 (wt. %). The dry press method was used through a hydraulic press from one direction, using a mold of diameter (10 mm) to obtain a ceramic compressed dimension that was firing at a temperature of 900 °C. The thermal conductivity is studied for all samples that include pure with the added proportions and compared between them when adding the proportions for aluminum. The ratio of (2% wt.) is the highest conductivity among the used ratios. The mechanical properties included the hardness when adding percentage from aluminum toTiO2 (2% wt.) ratio showed is the highest hardness value between other ratios, the samples surface, taking surface pictures of the samples through an optical microscope.

In the present research, titanium dioxide and Al nanoparticles were purchased from a Chinese company, then the aluminum materials were added in five ratios that are (0, 1, 2, 3, 5) wt.%. The dry press method was used through a hydraulic press from one direction, using a mold of diameter 10 mm to obtain a ceramic compressed dimension that was firing at a temperature of 900 °C. The thermal conductivity is studied for all samples that include pure with the added proportions and compared between them when adding the proportions for aluminum. The ratio of 2 wt.% is the highest conductivity among the used ratios. The mechanical properties included the hardness when adding percentage from aluminum toTiO2 2 wt. % ratio showed is the highest hardness value between other ratios, the samples surface, taking surface pictures of the samples through an optical microscope.