In contemporary days, the research and development enterprises have been focusing to design intelligently the battery swap station (BSS) architecture having the prospects of providing a consistent platform for the successful installation of the large‐scale fleet of hybrid and electric vehicles (i.e. xEVs). The BSS may calibrate its subsystem for the electric vehicle (EV) deployment by accomplishing similar idea as in existing gasoline refuelling stations, in which the discharged batteries are being replaced or swapped by partially or fully charged ones by spending a few minutes. The BSS approach has arisen as a promising technology to the traditional EV recharging station approach as it provides a broader experience of business prospects for the specific stakeholders. This work deals with the introduction to BSS including infrastructure, techniques, benefits over charging station and key challenges associated with BSS. Furthermore, an S34X‐smart swapping station for xEVs is proposed and finally, the key thrust is research for BSS is discussed. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first kind of review work on BSS.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular in many countries of the world. EVs are proving more energy efficient and environmental friendly than ICEVs. But the lack of charging stations restricts the wide adoption of EVs in the world. As EV usage grows, more public spaces are installing EV charging stations. On the other hand, if EVs are charged via existing utility grid powered by fossil fuel-based generation system, then it affects the distribution system and could not be environmentally friendly. As solar has great potential to generate the electricity from PV panel, the charging of EVs from PV panels would be a great solution and also a sustainable step toward the environment. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of solar PV-EV charging systems and deployment in the world. Analytical methods were proposed to obtain information about EV charging behavior, modes of charging station operation, and geolocation of charging station users. The methodology presented here was time- and cost-effective, and very helpful to the researchers and students in this field.

The alarming situation of global warming leads to the full adoption of the renewable energy-based transportation system. However, their sustainable deployment at a mass level has been a challenging task. This article presents the design aspects and practical implementation of the modern solar-assisted level-2 electric vehicle charging station which is controlled by a Type-1 vehicle connector. The designed model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment, the circuit operation is examined and its methodological model is derived to study the parametric design features. Furthermore, the complete hardware setup has developed to test the performance of the power factor correction under the steady-state condition with respect to variation in load for the input of 3 kW, 230 Vrms at 1-phase, 50 Hz rated, and to produce a 48 V buck converter dc output. The 6.4 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) charging station, installed at the Centre of Advanced Research in Electrified Transportation building parking area in Aligarh Muslim University campus, selected as a case site. Moreover, the controller circuit is simulated in PROTEUS software and a prototype model has been tested in the lab. The study is performed on a 10 kWh lithium-ion battery pack on a bright sunny day at standard test condition of the solar panel.

The multimicrogrid system is a complicated nonlinear system, which brings performance degradation due to deficient damping under the unexpected fluctuation in power generation due to the presence of renewable sources, dynamically changing loading conditions, and parameter variations. Owing to this, to provide consistent electric power with superlative attribute, sturdy and intelligent control techniques are amazingly imperative in the automatic generation control of microgrid (MG). The application of imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA)-based fractional-order integral proportional derivative with filter (IPDF), i.e., integral tilt derivative with filter controller (ITDF) controller in frequency control in two areas interconnected MG (isolation mode) with renewable penetration, is a novel work. A maiden attempt of the ICA is proposed to optimize the gains of the ITDF controller utilizing the integral time absolute error criterion. To demonstrate the supremacy of ICA, its outcomes are contrasted with two existing optimization strategies, namely the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is revealed by contrasting the dynamic responses of multi microgrid (MMG) with proportional integral derivative with filter (PIDF) and tilt integral derivative with filter (TIDF) controllers. At last, a sensitivity investigation is performed to exhibit the power of the studied strategy to wide variations in the MG parameters, magnitude as well as the location of step/random load disturbance. The proposed MMG is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment.