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Prof. Dr. Jong-Rok Jeon
Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea

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0 biopolymer
0 enzymatic biotransformation
0 Microbial enzyme
0 Lignin/cellulose engineering
0 Humic substance

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Humic substance

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Research article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Advanced Sustainable Systems
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A one-pot/one-step process of lignin-Fe coordination is implemented to synthesize lignin-Fe-hydroxyapatite (HA) supramolecular structures, which can be disassembled and subsequently surface-engineered by root exudate-derived organic acids. The extent of disassembly is superior to the corresponding HCl-induced pH change, suggesting that organic acids directly hamper non-covalent interactions involving lignin components and ferric ions. This disassembly coincides with the facilitated co-release of crop nutrients (i.e., ferric ions) and stimulants (i.e., lignin components) in a time-dependent manner. The resulting exposed core HAs are further surface-engineered with organic acids, thus accelerating the release of crop nutrients (i.e., calcium and phosphate ions) through the particle dissolution. Finally, lignin-Fe-coated HAs significantly enhances Zea mays growth rates under heat and salt stress compared to bare ones, suggesting that the increased organic acid secretion by the roots under abiotic stresses accelerates the disassembly and subsequent dissolution of the coated particles. Given that conventional rhizosphere-responsive fertilizers are mainly based on H+ ion-mediated structural changes, the approach provides a more effective means to detect the rhizosphere and crop stress state by exploiting the nature-inspired relationship between small organic acids and supramolecular polyphenolic assemblies.

ACS Style

Ho Young Yoon; Nguyen Thanh Phong; Eun‐Nam Joe; Sumin Kwon; Eun Ju Son; Kyoung‐Soon Jang; Jong‐Rok Jeon. Crop root Exudate Composition‐Dependent Disassembly of Lignin‐Fe‐Hydroxyapatite Supramolecular Structures: A Better Rhizosphere Sensing Platform for Smart Fertilizer Development. Advanced Sustainable Systems 2021, 5, 2100113 .

AMA Style

Ho Young Yoon, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Eun‐Nam Joe, Sumin Kwon, Eun Ju Son, Kyoung‐Soon Jang, Jong‐Rok Jeon. Crop root Exudate Composition‐Dependent Disassembly of Lignin‐Fe‐Hydroxyapatite Supramolecular Structures: A Better Rhizosphere Sensing Platform for Smart Fertilizer Development. Advanced Sustainable Systems. 2021; 5 (8):2100113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ho Young Yoon; Nguyen Thanh Phong; Eun‐Nam Joe; Sumin Kwon; Eun Ju Son; Kyoung‐Soon Jang; Jong‐Rok Jeon. 2021. "Crop root Exudate Composition‐Dependent Disassembly of Lignin‐Fe‐Hydroxyapatite Supramolecular Structures: A Better Rhizosphere Sensing Platform for Smart Fertilizer Development." Advanced Sustainable Systems 5, no. 8: 2100113.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Molecules
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Nowadays, the use of biostimulants to reduce agrochemical input is a major trend in agriculture. In this work, we report on calcium phosphate particles (CaP) recovered from the circular economy, combined with natural humic substances (HSs), to produce a plant biostimulant. CaPs were obtained by the thermal treatment of Salmo salar bones and were subsequently functionalized with HSs by soaking in a HS water solution. The obtained materials were characterized, showing that the functionalization with HS did not sort any effect on the bulk physicochemical properties of CaP, with the exception of the surface charge that was found to get more negative. Finally, the effect of the materials on nutrient uptake and translocation in the early stages of development (up to 20 days) of two model species of interest for horticulture, Valerianella locusta and Diplotaxis tenuifolia, was assessed. Both species exhibited a similar tendency to accumulate Ca and P in hypogeal tissues, but showed different reactions to the treatments in terms of translocation to the leaves. CaP and CaP–HS treatments lead to an increase of P accumulation in the leaves of D. tenuifolia, while the treatment with HS was found to increase only the concentration of Ca in V. locusta leaves. A low biostimulating effect on both plants’ growth was observed, and was mainly scribed to the low concentration of HS in the tested materials. In the end, the obtained material showed promising results in virtue of its potential to elicit phosphorous uptake and foliar translocation by plants.

ACS Style

Alessio Adamiano; Guido Fellet; Marco Vuerich; Dora Scarpin; Francesca Carella; Clara Piccirillo; Jong-Rok Jeon; Alessia Pizzutti; Luca Marchiol; Michele Iafisco. Calcium Phosphate Particles Coated with Humic Substances: A Potential Plant Biostimulant from Circular Economy. Molecules 2021, 26, 2810 .

AMA Style

Alessio Adamiano, Guido Fellet, Marco Vuerich, Dora Scarpin, Francesca Carella, Clara Piccirillo, Jong-Rok Jeon, Alessia Pizzutti, Luca Marchiol, Michele Iafisco. Calcium Phosphate Particles Coated with Humic Substances: A Potential Plant Biostimulant from Circular Economy. Molecules. 2021; 26 (9):2810.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessio Adamiano; Guido Fellet; Marco Vuerich; Dora Scarpin; Francesca Carella; Clara Piccirillo; Jong-Rok Jeon; Alessia Pizzutti; Luca Marchiol; Michele Iafisco. 2021. "Calcium Phosphate Particles Coated with Humic Substances: A Potential Plant Biostimulant from Circular Economy." Molecules 26, no. 9: 2810.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2021 in Molecules
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Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.

ACS Style

Joon-Yung Cha; Sang-Ho Kang; Myung Ji; Gyeong-Im Shin; Song Jeong; Gyeongik Ahn; Min Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon; Woe-Yeon Kim. Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Molecules 2021, 26, 782 .

AMA Style

Joon-Yung Cha, Sang-Ho Kang, Myung Ji, Gyeong-Im Shin, Song Jeong, Gyeongik Ahn, Min Kim, Jong-Rok Jeon, Woe-Yeon Kim. Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joon-Yung Cha; Sang-Ho Kang; Myung Ji; Gyeong-Im Shin; Song Jeong; Gyeongik Ahn; Min Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon; Woe-Yeon Kim. 2021. "Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis." Molecules 26, no. 4: 782.

Opinion
Published: 02 February 2021 in Molecules
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Humic substances (HSs) are chromogenic organic assemblies that are widespread in the environment, including soils, oceans, rivers, and coal-related resources. HSs are known to directly and indirectly stimulate plants based on their versatile organic structures. Their beneficial activities have led to the rapid market growth of agronomical HSs. However, there are still several technical issues and concerns to be addressed to advance sustainable agronomical practices for HSs and allow growers to use HSs reliably. First, it is necessary to elucidate the evident structure (component)–function relationship of HSs. Specifically, the core structural features of HSs corresponding to crop species, treatment method (i.e., soil, foliar, or immersion applications), and soil type-dependent plant stimulatory actions as well as specific plant responses (e.g., root genesis and stress resistance) should be detailed to identify practical crop treatment methodologies. These trials must then be accompanied by means to upgrade crop marketability to help the growers. Second, structural differences of HSs depending on extraction sources should be compared to develop quality control and assurance measures for agronomical uses of HSs. In particular, coal-related HSs obtainable in bulk amounts for large farmland applications should be structurally and functionally distinguishable from other natural HSs. The diversity of organic structures and components in coal-based HSs must thus be examined thoroughly to provide practical information to growers. Overall, there is a consensus amongst researchers that HSs have the potential to enhance soil quality and crop productivity, but appropriate research directions should be explored for growers’ needs and farmland applications.

ACS Style

Heejung Jung; Sumin Kwon; Jae-Hwan Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. Which Traits of Humic Substances Are Investigated to Improve Their Agronomical Value? Molecules 2021, 26, 760 .

AMA Style

Heejung Jung, Sumin Kwon, Jae-Hwan Kim, Jong-Rok Jeon. Which Traits of Humic Substances Are Investigated to Improve Their Agronomical Value? Molecules. 2021; 26 (3):760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Jung; Sumin Kwon; Jae-Hwan Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2021. "Which Traits of Humic Substances Are Investigated to Improve Their Agronomical Value?" Molecules 26, no. 3: 760.

Research article
Published: 29 November 2020 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Here, coal-related humic substances (HSs) were examined to confirm whether sterilization treatments induce their inferior ability to stimulate lettuce in hydroponic cultivations. Interestingly, a drastic reduction in both lettuce biomass and microbial colony-forming units of the crop culture solutions was observed when the autoclaved HSs were treated. Some microbial genera (i.e., Bacillus and Aspergillus) identifiable in the bare HS-treated hydroponic systems were able to be isolated by direct inoculation of bare HS powders on conventional microbial nutrients, supporting that flourishing microbes in the hydroponic cultivations derive from bare HSs-treated. Moreover, coincubation of some isolated bacterial and fungal strains (i.e., Bacillus and Aspergillus genera) from HSs with lettuce resulted in a significant increase in plant biomass and enhanced resistance to NaCl-related abiotic stresses. Microbial volatile organic compounds renowned for plant stimulation were detected by using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. It was finally confirmed that the isolates are capable of utilizing carbon substrates such as pectin and tween 20 or 40, which are relevant to those of microbes isolated from peat and leonardite (i.e., HS extraction sources). Overall, our results suggest that microbiological factors could be considered when commercial coal-related HSs are applied in hydroponic crop cultivations.

ACS Style

Hae Jin Jeong; Min Seung Oh; Jalil Ur Rehman; Ho Young Yoon; Jae-Hwan Kim; Juhee Shin; Seung Gu Shin; Hyomin Bae; Jong-Rok Jeon. Effects of Microbes from Coal-Related Commercial Humic Substances on Hydroponic Crop Cultivation: A Microbiological View for Agronomical Use of Humic Substances. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 69, 805 -814.

AMA Style

Hae Jin Jeong, Min Seung Oh, Jalil Ur Rehman, Ho Young Yoon, Jae-Hwan Kim, Juhee Shin, Seung Gu Shin, Hyomin Bae, Jong-Rok Jeon. Effects of Microbes from Coal-Related Commercial Humic Substances on Hydroponic Crop Cultivation: A Microbiological View for Agronomical Use of Humic Substances. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2020; 69 (2):805-814.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hae Jin Jeong; Min Seung Oh; Jalil Ur Rehman; Ho Young Yoon; Jae-Hwan Kim; Juhee Shin; Seung Gu Shin; Hyomin Bae; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2020. "Effects of Microbes from Coal-Related Commercial Humic Substances on Hydroponic Crop Cultivation: A Microbiological View for Agronomical Use of Humic Substances." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69, no. 2: 805-814.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Water Research
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Filamentous fungi are believed to remove a wide range of environmental xenobiotics due to their characteristically non-specific catabolic metabolisms. Nonetheless, irregular hyphal spreading can lead to clogging problems in treatment facilities and the dependence of pollutant bioavailability on hyphal surface features severely limits their applicability in water treatment. Here, we propose a scalable and facile methodology to structurally modify fungal hyphae, allowing for both the maximization of pollutant sorption and fungal pellet morphology self-regulation. Halloysite-doped mycelium architectures were efficiently constructed by dipping Aspergillus fumigatus pellets in halloysite nanotube-dispersed water. Ultrastructure analyses using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the nanotubes were mainly attached to the outer surface of the pellets. Fungal viability and exoenzyme production were hardly affected by the halloysites. Notably, nanotube doping appeared to be extremely robust given that detachments rarely occurred even in high concentrations of organic solvents and salt. It was also demonstrated that the doped halloysites weakened hyphal growth-driven gelation, thus maintaining sphere-like pellet structures. The water treatment potential of the hybrid fungal mycelia was assessed through both cationic toxic organic/inorganic-contaminated water and real dye industry wastewater clean-ups. Aided by the mesoporous halloysite sites on their surface, the removal abilities of the hybrid structures were significantly enhanced. Moreover, inherent low sorption ability of HNT for heavy metals was found to be overcome by the aid of fungal mycelia. Finally, universal feature of the dipping-based doping way was confirmed by using different fungal species. Given that traditional approaches to effectively implement fungal-catabolism-based water treatment are based mostly on polymer-based immobilization techniques, our proposed approach provides a novel and effective alternative via simple doping of living fungi with environmentally-benign clays such as halloysite nanotubes.

ACS Style

Hyoungjae Ahn; Jalil Ur Rehman; Taehyen Kim; Min Seung Oh; Ho Young Yoon; Changgyo Kim; Younki Lee; Seung Gu Shin; Jong-Rok Jeon. Fungal mycelia functionalization with halloysite nanotubes for hyphal spreading and sorption behavior regulation: A new bio-ceramic hybrid for enhanced water treatment. Water Research 2020, 186, 116380 .

AMA Style

Hyoungjae Ahn, Jalil Ur Rehman, Taehyen Kim, Min Seung Oh, Ho Young Yoon, Changgyo Kim, Younki Lee, Seung Gu Shin, Jong-Rok Jeon. Fungal mycelia functionalization with halloysite nanotubes for hyphal spreading and sorption behavior regulation: A new bio-ceramic hybrid for enhanced water treatment. Water Research. 2020; 186 ():116380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyoungjae Ahn; Jalil Ur Rehman; Taehyen Kim; Min Seung Oh; Ho Young Yoon; Changgyo Kim; Younki Lee; Seung Gu Shin; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2020. "Fungal mycelia functionalization with halloysite nanotubes for hyphal spreading and sorption behavior regulation: A new bio-ceramic hybrid for enhanced water treatment." Water Research 186, no. : 116380.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Here, five aromatic monomers, one bearing a long alkyl chain [3-pentadecylphenol (3-PP)], the second bearing a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)], the third bearing an organic amine [l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)], the fourth bearing a carboxylic acid [vanillic acid (VA)], and the fifth bearing a phenol [catechol (CA)] were oxidatively coupled to produce four humic-like substances (3-PP, DHN, l-DOPA, and CAVA products) to mimic the diverse organic architectures of natural humus. Analysis using several methods, including SEM, EPR, elemental analysis, FT-IR-ATR, 13C NMR and anti-oxidant capability, revealed that each of the monomeric structures was well incorporated into the corresponding humic-like substances. Seed germination acceleration and NaCl-involved abiotic stress resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana were then tested to determine whether the different structures resulted in different levels of plant stimulation. The l-DOPA, CAVA and DHN-based materials showed enhanced stimulatory activities compared with no treatment, whereas the effects of the 3-PP-based materials were meager. Interestingly, high-resolution (15 T) ESI FT-ICR mass spectrometry-based van Krevelen diagrams clearly showed that the presence of molecules with H/C and O/C ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 and 0.2 to 0.4, respectively, could be connected with such biological actions. Here, the l-DOPA sample showed the highest content of such molecules, followed by the CAVA, DHN and 3-PP samples. Next, the ability of l-DOPA and CAVA products to induce resistance in A. thaliana to a pathogen-related biotic stress was tested to confirm whether the proposed molecular features are associated with multi-stimulatory actions on plants. The expression level of pathogenesis-related protein 1 and inspection of plant morphology clearly revealed that both the l-DOPA and CAVA products stimulate plants to respond to biotic stresses. Size-exclusion chromatography together with NMR and IR data of both the materials strongly suggests that lignin-like supramolecular assemblages play an important role in versatile biological activities of humus.

ACS Style

Ho Young Yoon; Hae Jin Jeong; Joon-Yung Cha; Mira Choi; Kyoung-Soon Jang; Woe-Yeon Kim; Min Gab Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. Structural variation of humic-like substances and its impact on plant stimulation: Implication for structure-function relationship of soil organic matters. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 725, 138409 .

AMA Style

Ho Young Yoon, Hae Jin Jeong, Joon-Yung Cha, Mira Choi, Kyoung-Soon Jang, Woe-Yeon Kim, Min Gab Kim, Jong-Rok Jeon. Structural variation of humic-like substances and its impact on plant stimulation: Implication for structure-function relationship of soil organic matters. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 725 ():138409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ho Young Yoon; Hae Jin Jeong; Joon-Yung Cha; Mira Choi; Kyoung-Soon Jang; Woe-Yeon Kim; Min Gab Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2020. "Structural variation of humic-like substances and its impact on plant stimulation: Implication for structure-function relationship of soil organic matters." Science of The Total Environment 725, no. : 138409.

Research article
Published: 16 March 2020 in ACS Omega
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The use of salt- or macro-sized NPK fertilizers is typically associated with low nutrient use efficiency and water eutrophication. Nanotechnology can overcome such drawbacks, but its practical application on a large scale is limited by (i) high costs and difficult scale-up of nanoparticle synthesis, (ii) questionable advantages over traditional methods, and (iii) health hazards related to nanomaterial introduction in the food stream and the environment. Here, we report on a novel biocompatible and multifunctional P nanofertilizer obtained by self-assembling natural or synthetic humic substances and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using a simple and straightforward dipping process, exploiting the interaction between the polyphenolic groups of humic substances and the surface of nanohydroxyapatite. Pot tests using the as-prepared materials were performed on Zea mays as a model crop, and the results were compared to those obtained using commercial fused superphosphate and bare nanohydroxyapatites. A significant improvement, in terms of early plant growth, corn productivity, rhizosphere bacteria, and the resistance to NaCl-induced abiotic stresses, was achieved using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles assembled with humic substances. These effects were ascribed to the synergistic co-release of phosphate ions and humic substances, which are two types of plant-beneficial agents for crop nutrition and stimulation, respectively. The release patterns were proven to be tunable with the amount of humic substances adsorbed on the nanoparticles, inducing competition between humic-substance-driven phosphorous dissolution and block of water contact. Such positive effects on plant growth in association with its intrinsic biocompatibility, simple synthesis, and multifunctionality qualify this novel nanofertilizer as a promising material for large-scale use in the agronomic field.

ACS Style

Ho Young Yoon; Jeong Gu Lee; Lorenzo Degli Esposti; Michele Iafisco; Pil Joo Kim; Seung Gu Shin; Jong-Rok Jeon; Alessio Adamiano. Synergistic Release of Crop Nutrients and Stimulants from Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Functionalized with Humic Substances: Toward a Multifunctional Nanofertilizer. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 6598 -6610.

AMA Style

Ho Young Yoon, Jeong Gu Lee, Lorenzo Degli Esposti, Michele Iafisco, Pil Joo Kim, Seung Gu Shin, Jong-Rok Jeon, Alessio Adamiano. Synergistic Release of Crop Nutrients and Stimulants from Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Functionalized with Humic Substances: Toward a Multifunctional Nanofertilizer. ACS Omega. 2020; 5 (12):6598-6610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ho Young Yoon; Jeong Gu Lee; Lorenzo Degli Esposti; Michele Iafisco; Pil Joo Kim; Seung Gu Shin; Jong-Rok Jeon; Alessio Adamiano. 2020. "Synergistic Release of Crop Nutrients and Stimulants from Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Functionalized with Humic Substances: Toward a Multifunctional Nanofertilizer." ACS Omega 5, no. 12: 6598-6610.

Review article
Published: 16 July 2019 in Biotechnology Advances
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Humic substances readily identifiable in the environment are involved in several biotic and abiotic reactions affecting carbon turnover, soil fertility, plant nutrition and stimulation, xenobiotic transformation and microbial respiration. Inspired by natural roles of humic substances, several applications of these substances, including crop stimulants, redox mediators, anti-oxidants, human medicines, environmental remediation and fish feeding, have been developed. The annual market for humic substances has grown rapidly for these reasons and due to eco-conscious features, but there is a limited supply of natural coal-related resources such as lignite and leonardite from which humic substances are extracted in bulk. The structural similarity between humic substances and lignin suggests that lignocellulosic refinery resulting in lignin residues as a by-product could be a potential candidate for a bulk source of humic-like substances, but structural differences between the two polymeric materials indicate that additional transformation procedures allowing lignin architecture to fully mimic commercial humic substances are required. In this review, we introduce the emerging concept of artificial humification of lignin-related materials as a promising strategy for lignin valorization. First, the core structural features of humic substances and the relationship between these features and the physicochemical properties, natural functions and versatile applications of the substances are described. In particular, the mechanism by which humic substances stimulate the growth of plants and hence can improve crop productivity is highlighted. Second, top-down and bottom-up transformation pathways for scalable humification of small lignin-derived phenols, technical lignins and lignin-containing plant residues are described in detail. Finally, future directions are suggested for research and development of artificial lignin humification to achieve alternative ways of producing customized analogues of humic substances.

ACS Style

Jeong Gu Lee; Ho Young Yoon; Joon-Yung Cha; Woe-Yeon Kim; Pil Joo Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. Artificial humification of lignin architecture: Top-down and bottom-up approaches. Biotechnology Advances 2019, 37, 107416 .

AMA Style

Jeong Gu Lee, Ho Young Yoon, Joon-Yung Cha, Woe-Yeon Kim, Pil Joo Kim, Jong-Rok Jeon. Artificial humification of lignin architecture: Top-down and bottom-up approaches. Biotechnology Advances. 2019; 37 (8):107416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeong Gu Lee; Ho Young Yoon; Joon-Yung Cha; Woe-Yeon Kim; Pil Joo Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2019. "Artificial humification of lignin architecture: Top-down and bottom-up approaches." Biotechnology Advances 37, no. 8: 107416.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2018 in Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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ACS Style

Jong-Rok Jeon; Ho Young Yoon; Gyeong-Im Shin; Song Yi Jeong; Joon-Yung Cha; Woe-Yeon Kim. Structure and action mechanism of humic substances for plant stimulations. Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2018, 38, 175 -179.

AMA Style

Jong-Rok Jeon, Ho Young Yoon, Gyeong-Im Shin, Song Yi Jeong, Joon-Yung Cha, Woe-Yeon Kim. Structure and action mechanism of humic substances for plant stimulations. Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 2018; 38 (3):175-179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jong-Rok Jeon; Ho Young Yoon; Gyeong-Im Shin; Song Yi Jeong; Joon-Yung Cha; Woe-Yeon Kim. 2018. "Structure and action mechanism of humic substances for plant stimulations." Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 38, no. 3: 175-179.

Research article
Published: 06 July 2018 in ACS Omega
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Commercial humic acids mainly obtained from leonardite are in increasing demand in agronomy, and their market size is growing rapidly because these materials act as soil conditioners and direct stimulators of plant growth and development. In nature, fungus-driven nonspecific oxidations are believed to be a key to catabolizing recalcitrant plant lignins, resulting in lignin humification. Here we demonstrated the effective transformation of technical lignins derived from the Kraft processing of woody biomass into humic-like plant fertilizers through one-pot Fenton oxidations (i.e., artificially accelerated fungus reactions). The lignin variants resulting from the Fenton reaction, and manufactured using a few different ratios of FeSO4 to H2O2, successfully accelerated the germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and increased the tolerance of this plant to NaCl-induced abiotic stress; moreover, the extent of the stimulation of the growth of this plant by these manufactured lignin variants was comparable or superior to that induced by commercial humic acids. The results of high-resolution (15 T) Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, electrostatic force microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analyses strongly indicated that oxygen-based functional groups were incorporated into the lignins. Moreover, analyses of the total phenolic contents of the lignins and their sedimentation kinetics in water media together with scanning electron microscopy- and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller-based surface characterizations further suggested that polymer fragmentation followed by modification of the phenolic groups on the lignin surfaces was crucial for the humic-like activity of the lignins. A high similarity between the lignin variants and commercial humic acids also resulted from autonomous deposition of iron species into lignin particles during the Fenton oxidation, although their short-term effects of plant stimulations were maintained whether the iron species were present or absent. Finally, we showed that lignins produced from an industrial-scale acid-induced hydrolysis of wood chips were transformed with the similar enhancements of the plant effects, indicating that our fungus-mimicking processes could be a universal way for achieving effective lignin humification.

ACS Style

Hae Jin Jeong; Joon-Yung Cha; Jung Hoon Choi; Kyoung-Soon Jang; Jongkoo Lim; Woe-Yeon Kim; Dong-Cheol Seo; Jong-Rok Jeon. One-Pot Transformation of Technical Lignins into Humic-Like Plant Stimulants through Fenton-Based Advanced Oxidation: Accelerating Natural Fungus-Driven Humification. ACS Omega 2018, 3, 7441 -7453.

AMA Style

Hae Jin Jeong, Joon-Yung Cha, Jung Hoon Choi, Kyoung-Soon Jang, Jongkoo Lim, Woe-Yeon Kim, Dong-Cheol Seo, Jong-Rok Jeon. One-Pot Transformation of Technical Lignins into Humic-Like Plant Stimulants through Fenton-Based Advanced Oxidation: Accelerating Natural Fungus-Driven Humification. ACS Omega. 2018; 3 (7):7441-7453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hae Jin Jeong; Joon-Yung Cha; Jung Hoon Choi; Kyoung-Soon Jang; Jongkoo Lim; Woe-Yeon Kim; Dong-Cheol Seo; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2018. "One-Pot Transformation of Technical Lignins into Humic-Like Plant Stimulants through Fenton-Based Advanced Oxidation: Accelerating Natural Fungus-Driven Humification." ACS Omega 3, no. 7: 7441-7453.

Research article
Published: 25 January 2018 in ACS Applied Nano Materials
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Multifunctional ZVI/Pt Janus bubble-propelled micromotors with high decontamination efficiency and efficient self-propulsion properties were fabricated by asymmetric deposition of catalytic platinum (Pt) in one hemisphere of zero-valent iron (ZVI) microspheres. In the ZVI/Pt micromotors-H2O2 system, ZVI acts as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants, while simultaneously, the hemispheric Pt layer catalytically decomposes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen, thereby resulting in an oxygen-bubble propulsion system. The ZVI/Pt Janus micromotors were bubble-propelled at the high speed of over 200 μm/s in the presence of 5% H2O2. In addition, complete oxidative degradation of methylene blue (MB) occurred in the presence of 5% H2O2 after 60 min of treatment, whereas ZVI microspheres removed only 12% of MB in 60 min. The magnetic controllable and reusable properties of the ZVI/Pt micromotors make the water purification process more attractive and feasible. Therefore, the application of ZVI with unique redox chemistry to a micromotor system could hold great promise for developing innovative water purification and remediation technologies in the future.

ACS Style

Chung-Seop Lee; Jianyu Gong; Da-Som Oh; Jong-Rok Jeon; Yoon-Seok Chang. Zerovalent-Iron/Platinum Janus Micromotors with Spatially Separated Functionalities for Efficient Water Decontamination. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2018, 1, 768 -776.

AMA Style

Chung-Seop Lee, Jianyu Gong, Da-Som Oh, Jong-Rok Jeon, Yoon-Seok Chang. Zerovalent-Iron/Platinum Janus Micromotors with Spatially Separated Functionalities for Efficient Water Decontamination. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2018; 1 (2):768-776.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chung-Seop Lee; Jianyu Gong; Da-Som Oh; Jong-Rok Jeon; Yoon-Seok Chang. 2018. "Zerovalent-Iron/Platinum Janus Micromotors with Spatially Separated Functionalities for Efficient Water Decontamination." ACS Applied Nano Materials 1, no. 2: 768-776.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2017 in Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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ACS Style

Laila Khaleda; Min Gab Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon; Joon-Yung Cha; Woe-Yeon Kim. Foliar application of humic acid or a mixture of catechol and vanillic acid enhanced growth and productivity of alfalfa. Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2017, 37, 248 -253.

AMA Style

Laila Khaleda, Min Gab Kim, Jong-Rok Jeon, Joon-Yung Cha, Woe-Yeon Kim. Foliar application of humic acid or a mixture of catechol and vanillic acid enhanced growth and productivity of alfalfa. Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 2017; 37 (3):248-253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laila Khaleda; Min Gab Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon; Joon-Yung Cha; Woe-Yeon Kim. 2017. "Foliar application of humic acid or a mixture of catechol and vanillic acid enhanced growth and productivity of alfalfa." Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 37, no. 3: 248-253.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2017 in Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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ACS Style

Laila Khaleda; Min Gab Kim; Woe-Yeon Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon; Joon-Yung Cha. Humic Acid and Synthesized Humic Mimic Promote the Growth of Italian Ryegrass. Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2017, 37, 242 -247.

AMA Style

Laila Khaleda, Min Gab Kim, Woe-Yeon Kim, Jong-Rok Jeon, Joon-Yung Cha. Humic Acid and Synthesized Humic Mimic Promote the Growth of Italian Ryegrass. Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 2017; 37 (3):242-247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laila Khaleda; Min Gab Kim; Woe-Yeon Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon; Joon-Yung Cha. 2017. "Humic Acid and Synthesized Humic Mimic Promote the Growth of Italian Ryegrass." Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 37, no. 3: 242-247.

Research article
Published: 26 February 2017 in ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
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Permanent dyeing of gray hair has become an increasingly active area in the cosmetics industry because of the increasingly aging population in developed countries. So far, p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and related diamine-based monomeric compounds have been widely used for the dyeing processes, but toxicological studies have revealed such compounds to be carcinogenic and allergenic. Here, we for the first time demonstrated that polydopamine, a mimic of human eumelanin, gives rise within a commercially acceptable period of time (i.e., 1 h) to deep black colors (i.e., natural Asian hair colors) in human keratin hairs in the presence of ferrous ions. The dyed hairs showed excellent resistance to conventional detergents, and the detailed color was readily varied by changing the kind of metal ion used. SEM images and FT-IR-ATR spectra suggested that the extent of polydopamine aggregation was crucial for the dyeing efficiency. High-resolution (15 T) FT-ICR mass spectrometry performed on the products detached from hairs with either 0.1 N HCl or NaOH indicated that similar polydopamine products were recruited into the hair matrices whether in the presence or absence of metal-based chelating. Polydopamine chains were determined using EPR and ICP-OES to use chelation of ferrous ions to self-assemble as well as to bind keratin surfaces in the dyeing conditions. Also, mice subjected to skin toxicity tests showed much greater viability and much less hair loss with our dyeing agents than with PPD. In conclusion, this study showed that a safe eumelanin mimic may be used to permanently dye gray hair, and showed three kinds of deposition mechanisms (i.e., innate binding ability of polydopamine, metal-assisted self-assembly of polydopamine, and metal-related bridging between keratin surface and polydopamine) to be involved.

ACS Style

Kyung Min Im; Tae-Wan Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. Metal-Chelation-Assisted Deposition of Polydopamine on Human Hair: A Ready-to-Use Eumelanin-Based Hair Dyeing Methodology. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2017, 3, 628 -636.

AMA Style

Kyung Min Im, Tae-Wan Kim, Jong-Rok Jeon. Metal-Chelation-Assisted Deposition of Polydopamine on Human Hair: A Ready-to-Use Eumelanin-Based Hair Dyeing Methodology. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 2017; 3 (4):628-636.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyung Min Im; Tae-Wan Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2017. "Metal-Chelation-Assisted Deposition of Polydopamine on Human Hair: A Ready-to-Use Eumelanin-Based Hair Dyeing Methodology." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 3, no. 4: 628-636.

Research article
Published: 06 February 2017 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Fungal laccases have been highlighted as a catalytic tool for transforming phenols. Here we demonstrate that fungal laccase-catalyzed oxidations can transform naturally occurring phenols into plant fertilizers with properties very similar to those of commercial humic acids. Treatments of Arabidopsis thaliana with highly cross-linked polyphenolic products obtained from a mixture of catechol and vanillic acid were able to enhance the germination and salt tolerance of this plant. These results revealed that humic-like organic fertilizers can be produced via in vitro enzymatic oxidation reactions. In particular, the root elongation pattern resulting from the laccase products was comparable to that resulting from an auxin-like compound. A detailed structural comparison of the phenol variants and commercial humic acids revealed their similarities and differences. Analyses based on SEM, EFM, ERP, and zeta-potential measurement showed that they both formed globular granules bearing various hydrophilic/polar groups in aqueous and solid conditions. Solid-phase 13C NMR, FT-IR-ATR, and elemental analyses showed that more nitrogen-based functional and aliphatic groups were present in the commercial humic acids. Significant differences were also identifiable with respect to particle size and specific surface area. High-resolution (15 T) FT-ICR mass spectrometry-based van Krevelen diagrams showed the compositional features of the variants to be a subset of those of the humic acids. Overall, our study unraveled essential structural features of polyaromatics that affect the growth of plants, and also provided novel bottom-up ecofriendly and finely tunable pathways for synthesizing humic-like fertilizers.

ACS Style

Joon-Yung Cha; Tae-Wan Kim; Jung Hoon Choi; Kyoung-Soon Jang; Laila Khaleda; Woe-Yeon Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. Fungal Laccase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Naturally Occurring Phenols for Enhanced Germination and Salt Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Green Route for Synthesizing Humic-like Fertilizers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2017, 65, 1167 -1177.

AMA Style

Joon-Yung Cha, Tae-Wan Kim, Jung Hoon Choi, Kyoung-Soon Jang, Laila Khaleda, Woe-Yeon Kim, Jong-Rok Jeon. Fungal Laccase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Naturally Occurring Phenols for Enhanced Germination and Salt Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Green Route for Synthesizing Humic-like Fertilizers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2017; 65 (6):1167-1177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joon-Yung Cha; Tae-Wan Kim; Jung Hoon Choi; Kyoung-Soon Jang; Laila Khaleda; Woe-Yeon Kim; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2017. "Fungal Laccase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Naturally Occurring Phenols for Enhanced Germination and Salt Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Green Route for Synthesizing Humic-like Fertilizers." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65, no. 6: 1167-1177.

Video audio media
Published: 01 December 2016 in Journal of Visualized Experiments
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Effective hair dyeing through in situ incubation of keratin hair with the products of fungal laccase-catalyzed polymerization of plant phenols has been previously demonstrated. However, the dyeing process takes a long time to complete compared to commercial hair-dyeing products. To overcome this bottleneck, pre-synthesized polymeric products of the oxidative reaction of Trametes versicolor laccase on catechin and catechol, either with or without mordant agents (e.g., FeSO4), were here employed to achieve permanent keratin hair dyeing in various colors and shades. The laccase action in acidic sodium acetate buffer led to a deep black coloration after coupling reactions between the plant phenols. The colored dye products were then desalted and concentrated with ultrafiltration. The dyes, with or without mordant agents, caused a significant increase in ΔE values (i.e., color difference value) in gray human hair within 2.5 hours. In addition, different keratin colors and shades were induced depending upon the mordanting and pH changes. The dyed hair also exhibited a strong resistance to detergent treatments, indicating that our methods can give rise to permanent hair dyeing. Overall, our work has provided novel insight into developing eco-friendly hair-dyeing methods as alternatives to commercial toxic diamine-based dyes.

ACS Style

Kyung Min Im; Jong-Rok Jeon. Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing. Journal of Visualized Experiments 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Kyung Min Im, Jong-Rok Jeon. Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2016; (118):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyung Min Im; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2016. "Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing." Journal of Visualized Experiments , no. 118: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Bioresource Technology
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Immobilization of laccase has been highlighted to enhance their stability and reusability in bioremediation. In this study, we provide a novel immobilization technique that is very suitable to real wastewater treatment. A perfect core-shell system composing copper alginate for the immobilization of laccase (Lac-beads) was produced. Additionally, nFe2O3 was incorporated for the bead recycling through magnetic force. The beads were proven to immobilize 85.5% of total laccase treated and also to be structurally stable in water, acetate buffer, and real wastewater. To test the Lac-beads reactivity, triclosan (TCS) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) were employed. The Lac-beads showed a high percentage of TCS removal (89.6%) after 8h and RBBR decolonization at a range from 54.2% to 75.8% after 4h. Remarkably, the pollutants removal efficacy of the Lac-beads was significantly maintained in real wastewater with the bead recyclability, whereas that of the corresponding free laccase was severely deteriorated.

ACS Style

Thao Thanh Le; Kumarasamy Murugesan; Chung-Seop Lee; Chi Huong Vu; Yoon-Seok Chang; Jong-Rok Jeon. Degradation of synthetic pollutants in real wastewater using laccase encapsulated in core–shell magnetic copper alginate beads. Bioresource Technology 2016, 216, 203 -210.

AMA Style

Thao Thanh Le, Kumarasamy Murugesan, Chung-Seop Lee, Chi Huong Vu, Yoon-Seok Chang, Jong-Rok Jeon. Degradation of synthetic pollutants in real wastewater using laccase encapsulated in core–shell magnetic copper alginate beads. Bioresource Technology. 2016; 216 ():203-210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thao Thanh Le; Kumarasamy Murugesan; Chung-Seop Lee; Chi Huong Vu; Yoon-Seok Chang; Jong-Rok Jeon. 2016. "Degradation of synthetic pollutants in real wastewater using laccase encapsulated in core–shell magnetic copper alginate beads." Bioresource Technology 216, no. : 203-210.

Review
Published: 01 April 2016 in Current Opinion in Biotechnology
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Several aerobic bacteria possess unique catabolic pathways enabling them to degrade persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The catabolic activity of aerobic bacteria employed for removal of POPs in the environment may be modulated by several biotic (i.e. fungi, plants, algae, earthworms, and other bacteria) and abiotic (i.e. zero-valent iron, advanced oxidation, and electricity) agents. This review describes the basic biochemistry of the aerobic bacterial catabolism of selected POPs and discusses how biotic and abiotic agents enhance or inhibit the process. Solutions allowing biotic and abiotic agents to exert physical and chemical assistance to aerobic bacterial catabolism of POPs are also discussed.

ACS Style

Jong-Rok Jeon; Kumarasamy Murugesan; Petr Baldrian; Stefan Schmidt; Yoon-Seok Chang. Aerobic bacterial catabolism of persistent organic pollutants — potential impact of biotic and abiotic interaction. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 2016, 38, 71 -78.

AMA Style

Jong-Rok Jeon, Kumarasamy Murugesan, Petr Baldrian, Stefan Schmidt, Yoon-Seok Chang. Aerobic bacterial catabolism of persistent organic pollutants — potential impact of biotic and abiotic interaction. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2016; 38 ():71-78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jong-Rok Jeon; Kumarasamy Murugesan; Petr Baldrian; Stefan Schmidt; Yoon-Seok Chang. 2016. "Aerobic bacterial catabolism of persistent organic pollutants — potential impact of biotic and abiotic interaction." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 38, no. : 71-78.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2016 in Microbial Biotechnology
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Material-independent adhesive action derived from polycatechol structures has been intensively studied due to its high applicability in surface engineering. Here, we for the first time demonstrate that a dihydroxynaphthalene-based fungal melanin mimetic, which exhibit a catechol-free structure, can act as a coating agent for material-independent surface modifications on the nanoscale. This mimetic was made by using laccase to catalyse the oxidative polymerization of specifically 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene. Analyses of the product of this reaction, using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, bactericidal action, charge-dependent sorption behaviour, phenol content, Zeta potential measurements and free radical scavenging activity, yielded results consistent with it containing hydroxyphenyl groups. Moreover, nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the product revealed that C-O coupling and C-C coupling were the main mechanisms for its synthesis, thus clearly excluding a catechol structure in the polymerization. This product, termed poly(2,7-DHN), was successfully deposited onto a wide variety of solid surfaces, including metals, polymeric materials, ceramics, biosurfaces and mineral complexes. The melanin-like polymerization could be used to co-immobilize other organic molecules, forming functional surfaces. In addition, the hydroxyphenyl group contained in the coated poly(2,7-DHN) induced secondary metal chelation/reduction and adhesion with proteins, suggesting the potential of this poly(2,7-DHN) layer to serve as a platform material for a variety of surface engineering applications. Moreover, the novel physicochemical properties of the poly(2,7-DHN) illuminate its potential applications as bactericidal, radical-scavenging and pollutant-sorbing agents.

ACS Style

Jong‐Rok Jeon; Thao Thanh Le; Yoon-Seok Chang. Dihydroxynaphthalene‐based mimicry of fungal melanogenesis for multifunctional coatings. Microbial Biotechnology 2016, 9, 305 -315.

AMA Style

Jong‐Rok Jeon, Thao Thanh Le, Yoon-Seok Chang. Dihydroxynaphthalene‐based mimicry of fungal melanogenesis for multifunctional coatings. Microbial Biotechnology. 2016; 9 (3):305-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jong‐Rok Jeon; Thao Thanh Le; Yoon-Seok Chang. 2016. "Dihydroxynaphthalene‐based mimicry of fungal melanogenesis for multifunctional coatings." Microbial Biotechnology 9, no. 3: 305-315.