The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to solve problems, like environmental pollution, disease, and toxicity, has received more attention and led to the rapid development of nanotechnology. In this review, we discuss the basis of the metal-organic framework as well as its application by suggesting an alternative of the present problem as catalysts. In the case of filtration, we have developed a method for preparing the membrane by electrospinning while using an eco-friendly polymer. The MOFs were usable in the environmental part of catalytic activity and may provide a great material as a catalyst to other areas in the near future.

The use of nanostructure materials as heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of organic compounds have been receiving more attention in the rapid developing area of nanotechnology. In this review, we mainly focused on our own work on the synthesis of hybrid palladium–iron oxide nanoparticles. We discuss the synthesis of Pd–Fe₃O₄—both morphology-controlled synthesis of Pd–Fe₃O₄ and transition metal-loaded Pd–Fe₃O₄—as well as its application in various C–C coupling reactions. In the case of rose-like Pd–Fe₃O₄ hybrid nanoparticles, thermal decomposition can be used instead of oxidants or reductants, and morphology can be easily controlled. We have developed a method for the synthesis of nanoparticles that is facile and eco-friendly. The catalyst was recyclable for up to five continual cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity and may provide a great platform as a catalyst for other organic reactions in the near future.

Protection from particulate matter (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) and microorganisms using MOFs (metal–organic frameworks) and nanoparticles used in filtration has been a major challenge.

A non-solvent synthesis of alkali metal-doped PdCu-Pd-Cu@C is presented that needs no mechanical grinding and utilizes heat treatment under an N₂ gas flow. Pluronic^® F127 is used to generate pores and a high surface area, and tannic acid is used as a carbon source for the PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalysts. Because some C is transferred to organic compounds during the nitrogen heat treatment, this demonstrated the advantage of raising the weight ratio of active metals comparatively. The PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalyst developed in this study outperformed commercial Pd/C catalysts by bimetallic PdCu-Pd-Cu nanoparticles and Pd nanoparticles in terms of catalytic activity (selectivity of commercial Pd/C: 45%; PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalyst: 76%). The alkali metal dopants increase the selectivity of the final product on the PdCu-Pd-Cu@C surface because they are electron-rich, which assists in the adsorption of the substrate (selectivity of PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalyst: 76%; K-doped PdCu-Pd-Cu@C nanocatalysts: 90%). Furthermore, even after being reused 5 times in this research, the final catalytic performance was comparable to that of the initial catalyst.