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Mrs. Hosna Khajeh
University of Vaasa

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Demand Response
0 Electricity Markets
0 Flexibility
0 Flexibility Training
0 Energy Economics and Policy

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Short Biography

Hosna Khajeh received her M.Sc. (Tech.) degree in electrical engineering (power systems) from Semnan University, Semnan, Iran, in 2016. She is currently working as a project researcher and pursuing her Ph.D. studies at the University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland. Her field of interests include future electricity market concepts (such as flexibility markets and local peer-to-peer markets), smart grid and microgrid scheduling and renewable energy integration.

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Journal article
Published: 20 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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During the ongoing evolution of energy systems toward increasingly flexible, resilient, and digitalized distribution systems, many issues need to be developed. In general, a holistic multi-level systemic view is required on the future enabling technologies, control and management methods, operation and planning principles, regulation as well as market and business models. Increasing integration of intermittent renewable generation and electric vehicles, as well as industry electrification during the evolution, requires a huge amount of flexibility services at multiple time scales and from different voltage levels, resources, and sectors. Active use of distribution network-connected flexible energy resources for flexibility services provision through new marketplaces will also be needed. Therefore, increased collaboration between system operators in operation and planning of the future power system will also become essential during the evolution. In addition, use of integrated cyber-secure, resilient, cost-efficient, and advanced communication technologies and solutions will be of key importance. This paper describes a potential three-stage evolution path toward fully flexible, resilient, and digitalized electricity distribution networks. A special focus of this paper is the evolution and development of adaptive control and management methods as well as compatible collaborative market schemes that can enable the improved provision of flexibility services by distribution network-connected flexible energy resources for local (distribution system operator) and system-wide (transmission system operator) needs.

ACS Style

Hannu Laaksonen; Hosna Khajeh; Chethan Parthasarathy; Miadreza Shafie-Khah; Nikos Hatziargyriou. Towards Flexible Distribution Systems: Future Adaptive Management Schemes. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3709 .

AMA Style

Hannu Laaksonen, Hosna Khajeh, Chethan Parthasarathy, Miadreza Shafie-Khah, Nikos Hatziargyriou. Towards Flexible Distribution Systems: Future Adaptive Management Schemes. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hannu Laaksonen; Hosna Khajeh; Chethan Parthasarathy; Miadreza Shafie-Khah; Nikos Hatziargyriou. 2021. "Towards Flexible Distribution Systems: Future Adaptive Management Schemes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3709.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in IEEE Access
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A large amount of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles will be integrated into future electricity distribution and transmission systems. New flexibility services from distribution network are needed to manage the related challenges. This paper proposes a local flexible capacity market (LFCM) in the distribution network providing system-wide and local flexibility services for transmission (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSO). The TSO and the DSO play the role of buyers, whereas prosumers connected to the distribution network are the sellers. The LFCM consists of three stages. At the first stage, the offers of flexibility sellers are matched with the bids of flexibility buyers aiming to maximize the social welfare of all participants. At the second stage, the accepted flexible capacities are checked by the DSO not to violate the constraints of the local network. The third stage accepts the offers of the sellers based on the results of the previous stage. The results related to the chosen case study demonstrate that the local flexible resources can help the DSO control the voltage and manage periods of congestion. Besides, the owners of the resources can obtain revenues by selling flexibility services while improving electricity supply reliability.

ACS Style

Hosna Khajeh; Hooman Firoozi; Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh; Hannu Laaksonen; Miadreza Shafie-Khah. A Local Capacity Market Providing Local and System-Wide Flexibility Services. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 52336 -52351.

AMA Style

Hosna Khajeh, Hooman Firoozi, Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh, Hannu Laaksonen, Miadreza Shafie-Khah. A Local Capacity Market Providing Local and System-Wide Flexibility Services. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):52336-52351.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hosna Khajeh; Hooman Firoozi; Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh; Hannu Laaksonen; Miadreza Shafie-Khah. 2021. "A Local Capacity Market Providing Local and System-Wide Flexibility Services." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 52336-52351.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2021 in IEEE Access
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Distribution network connected distributed energy resources (DER) are able to provide various flexibility services for distribution system operators (DSOs) and transmission system operators (TSOs). These local and system-wide flexibility services offered by DER can support the frequency (f) and voltage (U) management of a future power system with large amounts of weather-dependent renewable generation and electric vehicles. Depending on the magnitude of frequency deviation, other active network management-based frequency control services for TSOs could also be provided by DSOs in coordination with adaptive control of DER. This paper proposes utilisation of demand response based on frequency-dependent HV/MV transformer on-load tap-changer (OLTC) operation in case of larger frequency deviations. The main principle underlying the proposed scheme lies in the voltage dependency of the distribution network connected loads. In this paper, it is also proposed to, simultaneously with frequency-dependent OLTC control, utilise reverse reactive power -voltage (QU) - and adaptive active power -voltage (PU) -droops with distribution network connected DER units during these larger frequency deviations, in order to enable better frequency support service for TSOs from DSO networks. The effectivity and potential of the proposed schemes are shown through PSCAD simulations. In addition, this paper also presents a holistic and collaborative view of potential future frequency control services which are provided by DSO network-connected resources for TSOs at different frequency deviation levels.

ACS Style

Hannu Laaksonen; Chethan Parthasarathy; Hosna Khajeh; Miadreza Shafie-Khah; Nikos Hatziargyriou. Flexibility Services Provision by Frequency-Dependent Control of On-Load Tap-Changer and Distributed Energy Resources. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 45587 -45599.

AMA Style

Hannu Laaksonen, Chethan Parthasarathy, Hosna Khajeh, Miadreza Shafie-Khah, Nikos Hatziargyriou. Flexibility Services Provision by Frequency-Dependent Control of On-Load Tap-Changer and Distributed Energy Resources. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):45587-45599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hannu Laaksonen; Chethan Parthasarathy; Hosna Khajeh; Miadreza Shafie-Khah; Nikos Hatziargyriou. 2021. "Flexibility Services Provision by Frequency-Dependent Control of On-Load Tap-Changer and Distributed Energy Resources." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 45587-45599.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in IEEE Access
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In order to unlock the maximum flexibility potential of all levels in the power system, distribution-network-located flexible energy resources (FERs) should play an important role in providing system-wide ancillary services. Frequency reserves are an example of system-wide ancillary services. In this regard, this paper deals with the optimal operation of a local energy community (LEC) located in the distribution network. The LEC is proposed to participate in providing manual frequency restoration reserves (mFRR) or tertiary reserves. In addition, the community is supposed to have a number of electric vehicles (EVs) and a battery energy storage system (BESS) as FERs. The scheduling of the community, which is fully compliant with the existing balancing market structure, comprises two stages. The first stage is performed in day-ahead, in which the energy community management center (ECMC) estimates the amount of available flexible capacities for mFRR provision. In this stage, control parameters are deployed by the ECMC in order to control the offered flexibility of the BESS. In the second stage, the real-time scheduling of the community is performed for each hour, taking into account the assigned and activated amount of reserve power. The target of the real-time stage is to maximize the community’s profit. Finally, the model is implemented utilizing a case study considering different day-ahead control parameters of the BESS. The results demonstrate that the proposed control parameters adopted in the day-ahead stage considerably affect the realtime profitability of the LEC. Moreover, according to the simulation results, participating in the mFRR market can bring additional profits for the LEC.

ACS Style

Hooman Firoozi; Hosna Khajeh; Hannu Laaksonen. Optimized Operation of Local Energy Community Providing Frequency Restoration Reserve. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 180558 -180575.

AMA Style

Hooman Firoozi, Hosna Khajeh, Hannu Laaksonen. Optimized Operation of Local Energy Community Providing Frequency Restoration Reserve. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):180558-180575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hooman Firoozi; Hosna Khajeh; Hannu Laaksonen. 2020. "Optimized Operation of Local Energy Community Providing Frequency Restoration Reserve." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 180558-180575.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Future smart grids will be more dynamic with many variabilities related to generation, inertia, and topology changes. Therefore, more flexibility in form of several active and reactive power related technical services from different distributed energy resources (DER) will be needed for local (distribution network) and whole system (transmission network) needs. However, traditional distribution network operation and control principles are limiting the Photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity of LV networks and the DER capability to provide system-wide technical services in certain situations. New active and adaptive control principles are needed in order to overcome these limitations. This paper studies and proposes solutions for adaptive settings and management schemes to increase PV hosting capacity and improve provision of frequency support related services by flexible energy resources. The studies show that unwanted interactions between different DER units and their control functions can be avoided with the proposed adaptive control methods. Simultaneously, also better distribution network PV hosting capacity and flexibility services provision from DER units even during very low load situations can be achieved.

ACS Style

Hannu Laaksonen; Chethan Parthasarathy; Hossein Hafezi; Miadreza Shafie-Khah; Hosna Khajeh; Nikosnh Hatziargyriou. Solutions to Increase PV Hosting Capacity and Provision of Services from Flexible Energy Resources. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5146 .

AMA Style

Hannu Laaksonen, Chethan Parthasarathy, Hossein Hafezi, Miadreza Shafie-Khah, Hosna Khajeh, Nikosnh Hatziargyriou. Solutions to Increase PV Hosting Capacity and Provision of Services from Flexible Energy Resources. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (15):5146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hannu Laaksonen; Chethan Parthasarathy; Hossein Hafezi; Miadreza Shafie-Khah; Hosna Khajeh; Nikosnh Hatziargyriou. 2020. "Solutions to Increase PV Hosting Capacity and Provision of Services from Flexible Energy Resources." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5146.

Review
Published: 30 December 2019 in Energies
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The serious problem of climate change has led the energy sector to modify its generation resources from fuel-based power plants to environmentally friendly renewable resources. However, these green resources are highly intermittent due to weather dependency and they produce increased risks of stability issues in power systems. The deployment of different flexible resources can help the system to become more resilient and secure against uncertainties caused by renewables. Flexible resources can be located at different levels in power systems like, for example, at the transmission-level (TSO), distribution-level (DSO) and customer-level. Each of these levels may have different structures of flexibility trading as well. This paper conducts a comprehensive review from the recent research related to flexible resources at various system levels in smart grids and assesses the trading structures of these resources. Finally, it analyzes the application of a newly emerged ICT technology, blockchain, in the context of flexibility trading.

ACS Style

Hosna Khajeh; Hannu Laaksonen; Amin Shokri Gazafroudi; Miadreza Shafie-Khah. Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review. Energies 2019, 13, 165 .

AMA Style

Hosna Khajeh, Hannu Laaksonen, Amin Shokri Gazafroudi, Miadreza Shafie-Khah. Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review. Energies. 2019; 13 (1):165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hosna Khajeh; Hannu Laaksonen; Amin Shokri Gazafroudi; Miadreza Shafie-Khah. 2019. "Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review." Energies 13, no. 1: 165.

Research article
Published: 31 January 2019 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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This study presents a model for the activities of the price-maker microgrid aggregator (MGA). In this model, an MGA is considered to aggregate several microgrids (MGs) and be in charge of obtaining an optimal bidding strategy for MGs as well as scheduling their resources and demand. Two price-maker strategies (the marginal and non-marginal strategies for players) are proposed and the robust scheduling and optimal transactions of a price-taker MGA are also obtained in order to analyse different bidding behaviour of MGA. A robust optimisation is used in this model in order to capture uncertainties associated with renewable generation in the worst-case situation. Accordingly, the robust solution is obtained for the optimal scheduling of an MGA participating in the pool-based day-ahead electricity market. The proposed robust bidding strategies and scheduling of a price-maker MGA are obtained considering a hypothetical test system and the results are compared with the bidding strategy and robust scheduling of a price-taker MGA. The results show that the robust scheduling and also the market prices are completely changed for different strategies of the MGA. Also, using the proposed model for the price-maker MGA increases the profits of MGs.

ACS Style

Hosna Khajeh; Asghar Akbari Foroud; Hooman Firoozi. Robust bidding strategies and scheduling of a price‐maker microgrid aggregator participating in a pool‐based electricity market. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2019, 13, 468 -477.

AMA Style

Hosna Khajeh, Asghar Akbari Foroud, Hooman Firoozi. Robust bidding strategies and scheduling of a price‐maker microgrid aggregator participating in a pool‐based electricity market. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2019; 13 (4):468-477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hosna Khajeh; Asghar Akbari Foroud; Hooman Firoozi. 2019. "Robust bidding strategies and scheduling of a price‐maker microgrid aggregator participating in a pool‐based electricity market." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 13, no. 4: 468-477.

Research article
Published: 05 October 2017 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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This study proposes new behavioural indices of market power (MP) in order to analyse bidding behaviour of units in a transmission-constrained electricity market. The indices calculate actual MP exercised by generators of the market. The proposed indices check whether a generator exerts an influence on the wholesale price and it is able to change the price at studied trading period. If the generator is capable of raising the wholesale price, the proposed indices calculate exact values for the generator's withholding. The first proposed index measures financial withholding exercised by marginal generators and the second one calculates physical withholding of players taking into account the impact of withdrawal of output on the wholesale price. The proposed indices are quantified for modified PJM 5-bus system and compared with the former behavioural indices to verify their accuracy. In addition, modified IEEE 30-bus system is considered to clarify the transparent applications of the indices for more complicated system.

ACS Style

Hosna Khajeh; Asghar Akbari Foroud. Behavioural market power indices in a transmission‐constrained electricity market. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2017, 11, 4608 -4616.

AMA Style

Hosna Khajeh, Asghar Akbari Foroud. Behavioural market power indices in a transmission‐constrained electricity market. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2017; 11 (18):4608-4616.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hosna Khajeh; Asghar Akbari Foroud. 2017. "Behavioural market power indices in a transmission‐constrained electricity market." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, no. 18: 4608-4616.

Conference paper
Published: 01 May 2017 in 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)
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Wind generation is clean and cheap. However it forces the independent system operator to buy more reserves in order to maintain system security in a specified level. Therefore, two different forces exist to determine the optimal amount of wind power in the market. One of them is the low marginal cost of wind producers and another one is reserve increase which can raise the market price. The paper adopts linear programing to find the optimal amount of wind, considering transmission constraints, ramp-rate constraints of conventional generators and reserves. The analyses are considered to be from the system operator's view point. Finally, optimal participation of producers are calculated and discussed for IEEE 30-bus system.

ACS Style

Hosna Khajeh; Asghar Akbari Foroud; Hooman Firoozi. Optimal participation of a wind power producer in a transmission-constrained electricity market. 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE) 2017, 1230 -1235.

AMA Style

Hosna Khajeh, Asghar Akbari Foroud, Hooman Firoozi. Optimal participation of a wind power producer in a transmission-constrained electricity market. 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). 2017; ():1230-1235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hosna Khajeh; Asghar Akbari Foroud; Hooman Firoozi. 2017. "Optimal participation of a wind power producer in a transmission-constrained electricity market." 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE) , no. : 1230-1235.

Conference paper
Published: 10 October 2016 in 2016 24th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)
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This paper deals with introducing new ex-ante indices of market power which measure potential of each generator in exercising market power. These indices consider competitors' offer price as an important factor affecting incentive of generator to exercise market power. In deregulated electricity market, there exists two strategies adopted by generators to exercise market power which are separated from each other. Therefore, two different indices are introduced in order to separate these two strategies named physical withholding and financial withholding. New separated indices help market monitoring to predict players' reaction more precisely before market constitution. The Proposed indices are calculated for generators of a test system and the results are discussed.

ACS Style

Hosna Khajeh; Asghar Akbari Foroud; Hooman Firoozi. New ex-ante indices of market power. 2016 24th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE) 2016, 67 -71.

AMA Style

Hosna Khajeh, Asghar Akbari Foroud, Hooman Firoozi. New ex-ante indices of market power. 2016 24th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). 2016; ():67-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hosna Khajeh; Asghar Akbari Foroud; Hooman Firoozi. 2016. "New ex-ante indices of market power." 2016 24th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE) , no. : 67-71.