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Dr. JAWAD KADHIM AL ARIDHEE
Muthanna University

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0 Agricultural Engineering
0 Food Processing
0 Milling
0 tillage Equipment's
0 Mechanical Properties of Materials

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Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Agricultural Engineering
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The objective of the paper was to determine the impact of moisture and rotational speed of threshers on the process of crushing of lupine seeds. Raw material was led to four levels of moisture from 8 to 14% every 2%. The studies were carried out on the laboratory hammer mill with the use of variable speeds of mill hammers within 5500-7000 rot∙min−1. The studies that were carried out proved significant relations (p<0.05) between the analysed process variables and energy consumption and susceptibility of seeds to crushing. It was stated that along with the increase of the rotational speed, a reduction in the drop of the average dimension of particles of mill takes place. Along with the increase of moisture of lupine from 8 to 14% a unit energy of crushing increases on average by approx. 83%. It was proved that the susceptibility ratio of seeds to crushing increases along with the increase of raw material moisture. Such relations were determined for all investigated rotational speeds of hammers.

ACS Style

Sławomir Gawłowski; Ryszard Kulig; Grzegorz Łysiak; Al Aridhee Jawad Kadhim; Zdybel Adam; Paweł Hyła. Impact of Moisture and Speed of Threshers on Efficiency of Crushing of Lupine Seeds. Agricultural Engineering 2020, 24, 55 -63.

AMA Style

Sławomir Gawłowski, Ryszard Kulig, Grzegorz Łysiak, Al Aridhee Jawad Kadhim, Zdybel Adam, Paweł Hyła. Impact of Moisture and Speed of Threshers on Efficiency of Crushing of Lupine Seeds. Agricultural Engineering. 2020; 24 (2):55-63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sławomir Gawłowski; Ryszard Kulig; Grzegorz Łysiak; Al Aridhee Jawad Kadhim; Zdybel Adam; Paweł Hyła. 2020. "Impact of Moisture and Speed of Threshers on Efficiency of Crushing of Lupine Seeds." Agricultural Engineering 24, no. 2: 55-63.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2019 in Sustainability
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The aim of the study was to examine the Peleg and Normand model to characterize the overall stress relaxation behavior of wheat kernel at varying load conditions. The relaxation experiments were made with the help of the universal testing machine, Zwick Z020, by subjecting the samples to compression at four distinct initial load levels, i.e., 20 N, 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N. The measurements were made for four wheat varieties (two soft and two hard-type endosperms) and seven levels of moisture content. Relaxation characteristics were approximated with the help of the Peleg and Normand equation. An interactive influence of the load level, moisture, and wheat hardness on the Peleg and Normand constants has been confirmed. For moist kernels, a higher amount of absorbed compression energy was released, since less energy was required to keep the deformation at a constant level. The constants differed depending on wheat hardness. Higher values of k1 revealed that the initial force decay was slower for hard varieties. This is more characteristic of elastic behavior. Similarly, higher values of k2 pointed to a larger amount of elastic (recoverable) energy at the end of the relaxation. The initial loading level had no or only a slight effect on the model coefficients (Y(t), k1, and k2). The parameters of the Peleg and Normand model decreased with an increase in the water content in the kernels.

ACS Style

Jawad Al Aridhee; Grzegorz Łysiak; Ryszard Kulig; Monika Wójcik; Marian Panasiewicz. The Effect of Wheat Moisture and Hardness on the Parameters of the Peleg and Normand Model during Relaxation of Single Kernels at Variable Initial Loading. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7100 .

AMA Style

Jawad Al Aridhee, Grzegorz Łysiak, Ryszard Kulig, Monika Wójcik, Marian Panasiewicz. The Effect of Wheat Moisture and Hardness on the Parameters of the Peleg and Normand Model during Relaxation of Single Kernels at Variable Initial Loading. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jawad Al Aridhee; Grzegorz Łysiak; Ryszard Kulig; Monika Wójcik; Marian Panasiewicz. 2019. "The Effect of Wheat Moisture and Hardness on the Parameters of the Peleg and Normand Model during Relaxation of Single Kernels at Variable Initial Loading." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7100.