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Background: The main purpose of the current study was to compare the within-season variations of workload, training duration, acute/chronic workload ratio (ACWR), training monotony ™, and training strain (TS) through session rating perceived exertion (s-RPE) between starters and non-starters. Methods: Seventeen under-17 European male soccer players (age, 16.2 ± 0.3 y, height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass, 66.5 ± 4.0 kg) divided in two groups: nine starters and eight non-starters, were evaluated over 50 weeks throughout the season. Results: In general, there were load variations for all players during the full-season. RPE tended to decrease during in-season and RPE, training duration and s-RPE did not present significant differences between starters and non-starters. TM and TS presented lower values for starters in mesocycle (M) 4 and M11 compared to non-starters. TS presented lower values for starters in M4 and M11 compared to non-starters, while in M10 a higher value was found for starters when compared to non-starters. ACWR showed differences between starters and non-starters in two of the mesocycles. Conclusions: This study showed that some mesocycles provided higher load for non-starters. This information can alert coaches that non-starter players are likely to try too hard in training to demonstrate their abilities, leading to non-functional overreaching, overtraining syndrome, and then poor performance.
Alexandre Martins; Rafael Oliveira; João Brito; Nuno Loureiro; Sérgio Querido; Hadi Nobari. Intra-Season Variations in Workload Parameters in Europe’s Elite Young Soccer Players: A Comparative Pilot Study between Starters and Non-Starters. Healthcare 2021, 9, 977 .
AMA StyleAlexandre Martins, Rafael Oliveira, João Brito, Nuno Loureiro, Sérgio Querido, Hadi Nobari. Intra-Season Variations in Workload Parameters in Europe’s Elite Young Soccer Players: A Comparative Pilot Study between Starters and Non-Starters. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (8):977.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandre Martins; Rafael Oliveira; João Brito; Nuno Loureiro; Sérgio Querido; Hadi Nobari. 2021. "Intra-Season Variations in Workload Parameters in Europe’s Elite Young Soccer Players: A Comparative Pilot Study between Starters and Non-Starters." Healthcare 9, no. 8: 977.
Background: The purpose of this study is to compare training load (TL) preceding a home versus away match in a top-class elite European team during the 2015–2016 season. Methods: Twenty elite outfield soccer players with a mean ± SD age, height and body mass of 25.9 ± 4.6 years, 183.1 ± 6.6 cm and 78.6 ± 6.6 kg, respectively, participated in this study. Total distance covered, high-speed running distance (HSRD), average speed (AvS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) multiplied by training duration (s-RPE) and Hooper index (HI) were collected. Data from 24 weeks were analyzed through match-day minus/plus approach (MD-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, MD + 1). Results: All external TL variables indicated a decrease from MD-5 until MD-1 and then an increase to MD + 1 (p < 0.01). HI decreased from MD-5 to MD-1, but s-RPE increased until MD-3 and then decreased until MD + 1. When comparing TL data that preceded home matches versus away matches, for MD-5, HSRD and muscle soreness exhibited higher values when away match neared (p < 0.05). For MD-4 and MD-3, total distance, HSRD and AvS exhibited higher values closer to an away match than a home match (p < 0.05). For MD-1, total distances covered were higher closer to a home match than an away match (p < 0.01). For MD + 1, all HI items and AvS were higher when an away match was played (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study confirms and provides evidence regarding the influence on internal and external TL data preceding home and away matches from a team that played in European competitions.
Rafael Oliveira; João Brito; Nuno Loureiro; Vítor Padinha; Hadi Nobari; Bruno Mendes. Will Next Match Location Influence External and Internal Training Load of a Top-Class Elite Professional European Soccer Team? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5229 .
AMA StyleRafael Oliveira, João Brito, Nuno Loureiro, Vítor Padinha, Hadi Nobari, Bruno Mendes. Will Next Match Location Influence External and Internal Training Load of a Top-Class Elite Professional European Soccer Team? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Oliveira; João Brito; Nuno Loureiro; Vítor Padinha; Hadi Nobari; Bruno Mendes. 2021. "Will Next Match Location Influence External and Internal Training Load of a Top-Class Elite Professional European Soccer Team?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5229.
In soccer, the assessment of the load imposed by training and a match is recognized as a fundamental task at any competitive level. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic review on internal and external load monitoring during training and/or a match, identifying the measures used. In addition, we wish to make recommendations that make it possible to standardize the classification and use of the different measures. The systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted through the electronic database Web of Science, using the keywords “soccer” and “football”, each one with the terms “internal load”, “external load”, and “workload”. Of the 1223 studies initially identified, 82 were thoroughly analyzed and are part of this systematic review. Of these, 25 articles only report internal load data, 20 report only external load data, and 37 studies report both internal and external load measures. There is a huge number of load measures, which requires that soccer coaches select and focus their attention on the most useful and specific measures. Standardizing the classification of the different measures is vital in the organization of this task, as well as when it is intended to compare the results obtained in different investigations.
Mauro Miguel; Rafael Oliveira; Nuno Loureiro; Javier García-Rubio; Sergio Ibáñez. Load Measures in Training/Match Monitoring in Soccer: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2721 .
AMA StyleMauro Miguel, Rafael Oliveira, Nuno Loureiro, Javier García-Rubio, Sergio Ibáñez. Load Measures in Training/Match Monitoring in Soccer: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauro Miguel; Rafael Oliveira; Nuno Loureiro; Javier García-Rubio; Sergio Ibáñez. 2021. "Load Measures in Training/Match Monitoring in Soccer: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2721.
The aim of the study was to compare training load (TL) of the days preceding a win, draw or defeat in a sample of elite professional soccer players across the in-season 2015/16. Twenty elite soccer players participated in this study. Total distance covered, high-speed running distance (HSRD), average speed, session rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and Hooper index scores (HI) were collected. Data from 24 weeks with one match were analysed through the match-day (MD-5, 4, 3, 2, 1) and MD+1. The main finding emerges in MD-1, where a longer training duration preceding draws (95.1 ± 1.5 min) > defeats (91.5 ± 1.6 min) > wins (84.7 ± 0.5 min) was found, while total distance and average speed were higher in wins (3628.6 ± 57.2 m) > draws (3391.3 ± 153.3 m) > defeats (3236.1 ± 113.7 m) and draws (130.7 ± 17.6 m/min) > wins (86.0 ± 6.9 m/min) > defeats (54.8 ± 7.1 m/min), respectively. HSRD was higher in draws (42.8 ± 0.6 m) > wins (36.1 ± 1.7 m) > defeats (35.8 ± 1.7 m). In MD+1, there were differences in HI between wins vs draws (p<0.01). The results are drawn from one team that participated in UEFA Champions League. It was observed that different TL applied in training sessions can influence match result. Our findings can be considered in future soccer planning and periodization to win matches. This study emphasizes the use of HI especially in the day following the match.
Rafael Oliveira; João P. Brito; Nuno Loureiro; Vitor Padinha; Bruno Ferreira; Bruno Mendes. Does the distribution of the weekly training load account for the match results of elite professional soccer players? Physiology & Behavior 2020, 225, 113118 .
AMA StyleRafael Oliveira, João P. Brito, Nuno Loureiro, Vitor Padinha, Bruno Ferreira, Bruno Mendes. Does the distribution of the weekly training load account for the match results of elite professional soccer players? Physiology & Behavior. 2020; 225 ():113118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Oliveira; João P. Brito; Nuno Loureiro; Vitor Padinha; Bruno Ferreira; Bruno Mendes. 2020. "Does the distribution of the weekly training load account for the match results of elite professional soccer players?" Physiology & Behavior 225, no. : 113118.
Background: Physical fitness in youth is a predictor of health in adulthood. The main objective of the present study was to understand if an enriched sport activity program could increase physical fitness in a population of schoolchildren. Methods: In a sample of 672 children aged 10.0 ± 1.90 years, different motor skills were tested by the 1 kg and 3 kg ball throw (BT), the standing broad jump (SBJ), the 30 m sprint (30mS), the leger shuttle run (LSR), the illinois agility test (IGT), and the quadruped test (QT). Within the controlled-trial, the intervention group (ESA) underwent an additional warm-up protocol, which included cognitive enhancing elements, for 14 weeks while the control group continued with ordinary exercise activity. Results: A significant increase was present regarding the 1 kg and 3 kg BT, the SBJ, the 30mS, and the IGT, while no significant difference was shown regarding the QT and the LSR in the ESA group between pre and post intervention. In the control group, no differences were present for any test except for the QT and the LSR post-test. Conclusion: A 14-week structured physical intervention had moderate effects regarding throwing, jumping, sprinting, and agility in a sample of schoolchildren.
Ewan Thomas; Antonino Bianco; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Marques Da Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Michele Basile; Marcello Giaccone; David J. Sturm; Fatma Neşe Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Guillermo F. López Sánchez; Simona Pajaujiene; Ilona Judita Zuoziene; Ante Rada; Marianna Alesi; Antonio Palma. Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1723 .
AMA StyleEwan Thomas, Antonino Bianco, Garden Tabacchi, Carlos Marques Da Silva, Nuno Loureiro, Michele Basile, Marcello Giaccone, David J. Sturm, Fatma Neşe Şahin, Özkan Güler, Manuel Gómez-López, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Simona Pajaujiene, Ilona Judita Zuoziene, Ante Rada, Marianna Alesi, Antonio Palma. Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwan Thomas; Antonino Bianco; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Marques Da Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Michele Basile; Marcello Giaccone; David J. Sturm; Fatma Neşe Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Guillermo F. López Sánchez; Simona Pajaujiene; Ilona Judita Zuoziene; Ante Rada; Marianna Alesi; Antonio Palma. 2020. "Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1723.
High levels of physical fitness (PF) can positively affect both health and cognitive function, thus monitoring its levels in youth can help increase health and quality of life in adult populations later on. This systematic review aims to identify PF field-based tests used in young European populations practicing sport to find tools that are adequate for the considered target involving a new battery within the Enriched Sport Activities (ESA) project. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. In the 83 identified articles, the main tests used were: vertical/horizontal jumps (for muscular strength/power); push-ups, running at maximum effort, sit-ups (for muscular strength/endurance); multistage non-intermittent and intermittent tests (for aerobic endurance); sit and reach (for flexibility); sprinting and agility T-tests (for speed and agility, respectively); 10 × 5 m shuttle run (SR) (for both speed and agility). Few studies assessed coordination, reaction time, power, and balance. Although the selected tests are widely used and validated, they do not determine all PF aspects and do not reflect sport-specific features. A final decision was made for the inclusion of the following tests: standing broad jump, seated medicine ball throw, 20 m SR test, 30 m sprint, Illinois test, and a new test, i.e., the crunning test, to assess different skill-related components at once. The use of this combination of tests allows for the assessment of all PF components and can help planning effective training programs and cultivate sporting talent.
Garden Tabacchi; Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez; Fatma Nese Sahin; Meltem Kizilyalli; Rosario Genchi; Michele Basile; Musa Kirkar; Carlos Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Eduardo Teixeira; Yolanda Demetriou; David Joseph Sturm; Simona Pajaujene; Ilona J. Zuoziene; Manuel Gómez-López; Ante Rada; Jelena Pausic; Nemanja Lakicevic; Luca Petrigna; Kaltrina Feka; Ana Ribeiro; Marianna Alesi; Antonino Bianco. Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7187 .
AMA StyleGarden Tabacchi, Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez, Fatma Nese Sahin, Meltem Kizilyalli, Rosario Genchi, Michele Basile, Musa Kirkar, Carlos Silva, Nuno Loureiro, Eduardo Teixeira, Yolanda Demetriou, David Joseph Sturm, Simona Pajaujene, Ilona J. Zuoziene, Manuel Gómez-López, Ante Rada, Jelena Pausic, Nemanja Lakicevic, Luca Petrigna, Kaltrina Feka, Ana Ribeiro, Marianna Alesi, Antonino Bianco. Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarden Tabacchi; Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez; Fatma Nese Sahin; Meltem Kizilyalli; Rosario Genchi; Michele Basile; Musa Kirkar; Carlos Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Eduardo Teixeira; Yolanda Demetriou; David Joseph Sturm; Simona Pajaujene; Ilona J. Zuoziene; Manuel Gómez-López; Ante Rada; Jelena Pausic; Nemanja Lakicevic; Luca Petrigna; Kaltrina Feka; Ana Ribeiro; Marianna Alesi; Antonino Bianco. 2019. "Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7187.
Nuno Loureiro; Eduardo Teixeira; João Paulo Costa. ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE TREINO DE FUTEBOL NO ESCALÃO DE JUNIORES A (sub 19). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleNuno Loureiro, Eduardo Teixeira, João Paulo Costa. ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE TREINO DE FUTEBOL NO ESCALÃO DE JUNIORES A (sub 19). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Loureiro; Eduardo Teixeira; João Paulo Costa. 2021. "ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE TREINO DE FUTEBOL NO ESCALÃO DE JUNIORES A (sub 19)." , no. : 1.